Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.3.1
P. Harish, Syed. Siddiq, V. M. Srikanth, S. Reddy, K. Kumar
: In this paper the combined effect of alumina and graphene reinforced with aluminum matrix by using stir casting methodology, was evaluated. Hybrid metal matrix composites gives combined results effect of different reinforced aspects when combined with ductile matrix appearance. Both alumina and graphene we are varied by the weight proportions in order to 1%, 2% and 3% respectively. With increase in the weight percentage the mechanical properties like hardness were increased. Density was reduced. The detailed microstructure evaluation shows the mixing of reinforcement in the matrix. The tribological behaviour of hybrid composite was determined. The graphene agglomeration in the composite increased the hardness by 35% as compared to the base material. The composite reinforced with 3% alumina + 3% graphene recorded highest hardness .
{"title":"Effect of Alumina and Graphene on Mechanical and Tribological Behaviour of Al-7075 Hybrid Composite","authors":"P. Harish, Syed. Siddiq, V. M. Srikanth, S. Reddy, K. Kumar","doi":"10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.3.1","url":null,"abstract":": In this paper the combined effect of alumina and graphene reinforced with aluminum matrix by using stir casting methodology, was evaluated. Hybrid metal matrix composites gives combined results effect of different reinforced aspects when combined with ductile matrix appearance. Both alumina and graphene we are varied by the weight proportions in order to 1%, 2% and 3% respectively. With increase in the weight percentage the mechanical properties like hardness were increased. Density was reduced. The detailed microstructure evaluation shows the mixing of reinforcement in the matrix. The tribological behaviour of hybrid composite was determined. The graphene agglomeration in the composite increased the hardness by 35% as compared to the base material. The composite reinforced with 3% alumina + 3% graphene recorded highest hardness .","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80410558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.2.4
Mirko Spasić, D. Dihovicni
: The main objective of this paper is to show the technology to protect computer systems using firewall technology and through the configuration of firewall, construct defence and protection of the database of the mechanical system engaged in the auto industry which create pipe for exhaust systems on cars by using various techniques, tools, methods, and testing of the software of the firewall and anti-virus. For security reasons, it is necessary to create a script file for anti-virus system and firewall, and rules in order to handle with the database when it is updated.
{"title":"Protection of Database in Machine Industry and Defense of Cyber Attack with Antivirus and Firewall Protection","authors":"Mirko Spasić, D. Dihovicni","doi":"10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.2.4","url":null,"abstract":": The main objective of this paper is to show the technology to protect computer systems using firewall technology and through the configuration of firewall, construct defence and protection of the database of the mechanical system engaged in the auto industry which create pipe for exhaust systems on cars by using various techniques, tools, methods, and testing of the software of the firewall and anti-virus. For security reasons, it is necessary to create a script file for anti-virus system and firewall, and rules in order to handle with the database when it is updated.","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88891470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.3.5
Erdi Gülbahçe, H. Sezgen, Abdullah Çakan
{"title":"Topology Design and Modal Analysis of a Bracket via FEA","authors":"Erdi Gülbahçe, H. Sezgen, Abdullah Çakan","doi":"10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83956005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.4.3
František Synák, Ján Synák, T. Skrúcaný, S. Milojević
Data stored in the memory of the engine control unit can be adjusted and modified in order to change some vehicle features. The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of such adjustments in the engine control unit on selected vehicle characteristics. These include the engine power and torque depending on the engine speed and fuel consumption. The measurements were performed under laboratory conditions in order to achieve the highest possible accuracy. The results show the possibilities of dynamic vehicle characteristics’ improvement without having specific impact on the fuel consumption. ARTICLE HISTORY Received: 24.11.2019. Accepted: 05.12.2019. Available: 31.12.2019.
{"title":"Modification of Engine Control Unit Data and Selected Vehicle Characteristics","authors":"František Synák, Ján Synák, T. Skrúcaný, S. Milojević","doi":"10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Data stored in the memory of the engine control unit can be adjusted and modified in order to change some vehicle features. The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of such adjustments in the engine control unit on selected vehicle characteristics. These include the engine power and torque depending on the engine speed and fuel consumption. The measurements were performed under laboratory conditions in order to achieve the highest possible accuracy. The results show the possibilities of dynamic vehicle characteristics’ improvement without having specific impact on the fuel consumption. ARTICLE HISTORY Received: 24.11.2019. Accepted: 05.12.2019. Available: 31.12.2019.","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77873784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18485/AELETTERS.2019.4.1.3
Ashish Kumar
This paper deals with the design and fabrication of edge-coupled band pass filter (BPF) circuit (fifth order) on microwave laminate for 4.5 GHz ± 0.5 GHz application. The design of filter is realized on a high quality RT/ duroid laminate having the dielectric constant 10.5 and substrate thickness 1.27 mm. The relevant design specifications, simulation, and test results of the circuit is described. The numerical calculations and simulations are performed in Linpar. The Printed Circuit Board (PCB) artwork is prepared in CorelDraw. A prototype of the design was manufactured and tested on microwave network analyzer. Some offsets are observed between the theoretical and practical results, which may be attributed to the wide tolerance in the dielectric permittivity specified for the RT/ duroid substrate. ARTICLE HISTORY Received: 22.03.2019. Accepted: 26.03.2019. Available: 31.03.2019.
{"title":"A Simple Approach for Designing a Filter on Microstrip Lines","authors":"Ashish Kumar","doi":"10.18485/AELETTERS.2019.4.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/AELETTERS.2019.4.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the design and fabrication of edge-coupled band pass filter (BPF) circuit (fifth order) on microwave laminate for 4.5 GHz ± 0.5 GHz application. The design of filter is realized on a high quality RT/ duroid laminate having the dielectric constant 10.5 and substrate thickness 1.27 mm. The relevant design specifications, simulation, and test results of the circuit is described. The numerical calculations and simulations are performed in Linpar. The Printed Circuit Board (PCB) artwork is prepared in CorelDraw. A prototype of the design was manufactured and tested on microwave network analyzer. Some offsets are observed between the theoretical and practical results, which may be attributed to the wide tolerance in the dielectric permittivity specified for the RT/ duroid substrate. ARTICLE HISTORY Received: 22.03.2019. Accepted: 26.03.2019. Available: 31.03.2019.","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75526639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.4.4
O. Kayode, O. Koya
Nigeria is currently experiencing energy deficit in terms of electrification. Development of renewable energy sources such as Sea wave energy may help augment this deficit. This paper set to investigate wave energy potential of the coast of Nigeria. Data required for estimating the wave energy potential of the coastal waters of Nigeria were obtained from WAVEWATCH III wave generation model. The wave climate data were analyzed using basic statistical analysis such as average, mean, and range. Due to the scarcity of reliable measured wave climate data, an effort was made to investigate the relationship the mean monthly wave power may have with mean monthly rainfall. Establishing a good level of correlation will provide an alternative mean of forecasting wave power for the coastal region. The results show that the mean annual wave power magnitude generally decreases from the west coast (at 10.74 kW/m) to the east coast (at 5.64 kW/m) for the reference points considered. The most energetic months occurs during the rainy season while the least energetic months occur during the dry season. There is a strong positive correlation between mean monthly wave power and mean monthly rainfall at 5% significant level. ARTICLE HISTORY Received: 26.11.2019. Accepted: 04.12.2019. Available: 31.12.2019.
{"title":"Wave Energy Potential Along the Gulf of Guinea Coast of Nigeria","authors":"O. Kayode, O. Koya","doi":"10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria is currently experiencing energy deficit in terms of electrification. Development of renewable energy sources such as Sea wave energy may help augment this deficit. This paper set to investigate wave energy potential of the coast of Nigeria. Data required for estimating the wave energy potential of the coastal waters of Nigeria were obtained from WAVEWATCH III wave generation model. The wave climate data were analyzed using basic statistical analysis such as average, mean, and range. Due to the scarcity of reliable measured wave climate data, an effort was made to investigate the relationship the mean monthly wave power may have with mean monthly rainfall. Establishing a good level of correlation will provide an alternative mean of forecasting wave power for the coastal region. The results show that the mean annual wave power magnitude generally decreases from the west coast (at 10.74 kW/m) to the east coast (at 5.64 kW/m) for the reference points considered. The most energetic months occurs during the rainy season while the least energetic months occur during the dry season. There is a strong positive correlation between mean monthly wave power and mean monthly rainfall at 5% significant level. ARTICLE HISTORY Received: 26.11.2019. Accepted: 04.12.2019. Available: 31.12.2019.","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72849491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18485/AELETTERS.2019.4.1.4
D. K. Prasad, K. Ramana, N. M. Rao
This paper presents weight function approach with piece wise polynomial interpolation function to determine the stress intensity factors at the surface and deepest points of a semi elliptical crack induced at the blade mounting locations of the rotor system. Initially, the mathematical model representing tapered rotating disc is solved and the equations for radial stress are obtained. Using the compatibility conditions, these equations are applied to plot the stress distribution at blade mounting locations in steam turbine rotor system. In the second part, weight functions with five and six terms are derived separately at the surface and the deepest points of semi elliptical crack to determine the stress intensity factors. The coefficients of these functions are determined assuming piece wise polynomial stress distribution along the crack. This weight function approach is applied to a semi elliptical crack at blade mounting locations by considering the stresses at discrete points of the crack obtained in first part and the stress intensity factors (SIFs) are determined. The results obtained are validated with the influence coefficient approach. ARTICLE HISTORY Received: 26.03.2019. Accepted: 29.03.2019. Available: 31.03.2019.
{"title":"Improved Weight Functions for Stress Intensity Factors of Semi Elliptical Crack in Steam Turbine Rotor System","authors":"D. K. Prasad, K. Ramana, N. M. Rao","doi":"10.18485/AELETTERS.2019.4.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/AELETTERS.2019.4.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents weight function approach with piece wise polynomial interpolation function to determine the stress intensity factors at the surface and deepest points of a semi elliptical crack induced at the blade mounting locations of the rotor system. Initially, the mathematical model representing tapered rotating disc is solved and the equations for radial stress are obtained. Using the compatibility conditions, these equations are applied to plot the stress distribution at blade mounting locations in steam turbine rotor system. In the second part, weight functions with five and six terms are derived separately at the surface and the deepest points of semi elliptical crack to determine the stress intensity factors. The coefficients of these functions are determined assuming piece wise polynomial stress distribution along the crack. This weight function approach is applied to a semi elliptical crack at blade mounting locations by considering the stresses at discrete points of the crack obtained in first part and the stress intensity factors (SIFs) are determined. The results obtained are validated with the influence coefficient approach. ARTICLE HISTORY Received: 26.03.2019. Accepted: 29.03.2019. Available: 31.03.2019.","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78839891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18485/AELETTERS.2019.4.2.5
L. Natrayan, M. S. Kumar
Metal matrix composite (MMC) has a unique class of light weight advanced engineered materials which are developed to give high strength, improved hardness, tensile strength, good elongation and good resistance to wear and tear hence increases the durability. It has good machinability properties, so that lightweight materials can replace the heavy materials like cast iron in aerospace and automobile industry. The aim of this research to study the mechanical and microstructure properties of LM25 reinforced with SiC particles and coated with mica fabricated by squeeze casting technique. Wear loss and mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, elongation and yield strength wear studied. Microstructure with EDS studied using scanning electron microscope. Results show that with increasing the percentage of mica along with 10% SiC the MMC properties get enhanced. ARTICLE HISTORY Received: 16.04.2019. Accepted: 11.06.2019. Available: 30.06.2019.
{"title":"Mechanical, Microstructure and Wear Behaviour of LM25/SiC/Mica Metal Matrix Composite Fabricated by Squeeze Casting Technique","authors":"L. Natrayan, M. S. Kumar","doi":"10.18485/AELETTERS.2019.4.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/AELETTERS.2019.4.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Metal matrix composite (MMC) has a unique class of light weight advanced engineered materials which are developed to give high strength, improved hardness, tensile strength, good elongation and good resistance to wear and tear hence increases the durability. It has good machinability properties, so that lightweight materials can replace the heavy materials like cast iron in aerospace and automobile industry. The aim of this research to study the mechanical and microstructure properties of LM25 reinforced with SiC particles and coated with mica fabricated by squeeze casting technique. Wear loss and mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, elongation and yield strength wear studied. Microstructure with EDS studied using scanning electron microscope. Results show that with increasing the percentage of mica along with 10% SiC the MMC properties get enhanced. ARTICLE HISTORY Received: 16.04.2019. Accepted: 11.06.2019. Available: 30.06.2019.","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85343790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.4.5
P. Gaur, R. Prasad
: The current paper presents research aiming at characterizing the fatigue behaviour of adhesively bonded joints. In this study, a new mathematical model to predict fatigue crack propagation rates for adhesively bonded joints has been investigated and presented. The proposed method uses fatigue test data and stiffness data obtained from finite element model of bonded joints. T-peel and single lap shear bonded joints were prepared using aluminium alloy AA5754 and Betamate epoxy adhesive 4601. The fatigue tests were conducted using constant amplitude loading using an R ratio of 0.1 at a frequency of 10 Hz. The FE models used in this work were developed using fracture mechanics tools in Abaqus. The results were post processed to extract energy release rates in form of J Integrals and stress intensity factors. The stiffness results obtained from both experimental testing and numerical studies were combined using appropriate curve fitting models proposed in the literature to estimate the fatigue crack propagation rates and obtained the de-bond curves in the Paris regime for such joints. The crack growth rates were further modelled and validated using neural network technique in MATLAB.
{"title":"Investigation of Fatigue Crack Propagation in Adhesively Bonded Joints Using Fatigue Testing, Finite Element Analysis and Neural Networks","authors":"P. Gaur, R. Prasad","doi":"10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.4.5","url":null,"abstract":": The current paper presents research aiming at characterizing the fatigue behaviour of adhesively bonded joints. In this study, a new mathematical model to predict fatigue crack propagation rates for adhesively bonded joints has been investigated and presented. The proposed method uses fatigue test data and stiffness data obtained from finite element model of bonded joints. T-peel and single lap shear bonded joints were prepared using aluminium alloy AA5754 and Betamate epoxy adhesive 4601. The fatigue tests were conducted using constant amplitude loading using an R ratio of 0.1 at a frequency of 10 Hz. The FE models used in this work were developed using fracture mechanics tools in Abaqus. The results were post processed to extract energy release rates in form of J Integrals and stress intensity factors. The stiffness results obtained from both experimental testing and numerical studies were combined using appropriate curve fitting models proposed in the literature to estimate the fatigue crack propagation rates and obtained the de-bond curves in the Paris regime for such joints. The crack growth rates were further modelled and validated using neural network technique in MATLAB.","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76217190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.3.4
Abdullah Çakan, Ü. Önen, F. M. Botsali
{"title":"System Identification Based Inverse Kinematics Analysis and Control of a Multi-DOF Road Simulator","authors":"Abdullah Çakan, Ü. Önen, F. M. Botsali","doi":"10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/aeletters.2019.4.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53430,"journal":{"name":"Applied Engineering Letters","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76163556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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