Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2022.2046942
Lalit Tak, A. Yadav, N. Singh, M. Majeed, V. Mahajan
ABSTRACT With the transformation from a traditional, rural, and agrarian society to a secular, urban, and industrial society and competitive environment, the rise in the power demand and supply makes it difficult to meet the customer’s expectations and needs. It has become necessary that the electric utility industry make sure they have accurate information about system performance and reliability. The paper presents four different cases through which the reliability of the electric distribution system is studied by calculating customer-oriented indices and load-oriented indices. The assessment is carried out using Modified Reliability Assessment Method (MRAM) on IEEE 24 bus system using MATLAB simulation, and the indicators of reliability analysis such as System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SIAFI), System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI), Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI), Average Service Availability Index (ASAI), Average Service Unavailability Index (ASUI), Energy Not Supplied index (ENS), Average Energy Not Supplied (AENS), Annual Customer Interruptions (ACI), and Customer Interruption Duration (CID) are evaluated. Moreover, the impact of the inclusion of cyber networks in the traditional system is also taken into consideration to determine the system’s reliability. Also, the result shows that the parallel combination is more superior to the other one. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Modified Reliability Assessment Method for Analysis of Cyber-Physical System Consisting IEEE 24 Bus System Parallel with Cyber Network","authors":"Lalit Tak, A. Yadav, N. Singh, M. Majeed, V. Mahajan","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2022.2046942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2022.2046942","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With the transformation from a traditional, rural, and agrarian society to a secular, urban, and industrial society and competitive environment, the rise in the power demand and supply makes it difficult to meet the customer’s expectations and needs. It has become necessary that the electric utility industry make sure they have accurate information about system performance and reliability. The paper presents four different cases through which the reliability of the electric distribution system is studied by calculating customer-oriented indices and load-oriented indices. The assessment is carried out using Modified Reliability Assessment Method (MRAM) on IEEE 24 bus system using MATLAB simulation, and the indicators of reliability analysis such as System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SIAFI), System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI), Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI), Average Service Availability Index (ASAI), Average Service Unavailability Index (ASUI), Energy Not Supplied index (ENS), Average Energy Not Supplied (AENS), Annual Customer Interruptions (ACI), and Customer Interruption Duration (CID) are evaluated. Moreover, the impact of the inclusion of cyber networks in the traditional system is also taken into consideration to determine the system’s reliability. Also, the result shows that the parallel combination is more superior to the other one. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"120 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47257322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-20DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2022.2040205
S. Padma Rani, Ajai Kumar Jain, Surjit Angra
ABSTRACT Order review and release (ORR) in a flexible job shop considering sequence-dependent setup time (SDST) is a complicated job shop problem. Routing flexibility helps in increasing the flexibility of the system by providing alternative routes to jobs. This research work assesses the effect of routing flexibility on order release policies in a flexible job shop considering SDST within a stochastic and dynamic (SCDM) manufacturing environment. In this study, five order release policies, viz., Corrected Aggregate Load Approach (CALA), Aggregate Workload Trigger (AGGWLT), Corrected Workload Trigger (CorrWLT), Work Center Workload Trigger (WCWLT), and Lancaster University Management School Corrected Order Release (LUMSCOR), are considered with planned release date sequencing rule. Four performance measures are considered in the present research work, i.e., mean throughput time, mean lead time, mean tardiness, and total setups. For experimental purposes, a simulation model is developed with six routing flexibility levels with the help of Promodel® software. Results indicate that the performance of all ORR policies can be improved by considering routing flexibility along with it. For a given ORR policy, as routing flexibility increases, there is a decrease in system performance measures up to a certain level, and after that, it starts increasing. Thus, routing flexibility has an optimum level. The least value of workload trigger level for all ORR policies provides the best results for mean throughput time performance measure. Further, as the workload trigger level increases, the best results are obtained for the other three performance measures except the mean throughput time. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Effect of Routing Flexibility on the Performance of Order Release Policies in a Flexible Job Shop with Sequence-Dependent Setup Time: A Simulation Study","authors":"S. Padma Rani, Ajai Kumar Jain, Surjit Angra","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2022.2040205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2022.2040205","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Order review and release (ORR) in a flexible job shop considering sequence-dependent setup time (SDST) is a complicated job shop problem. Routing flexibility helps in increasing the flexibility of the system by providing alternative routes to jobs. This research work assesses the effect of routing flexibility on order release policies in a flexible job shop considering SDST within a stochastic and dynamic (SCDM) manufacturing environment. In this study, five order release policies, viz., Corrected Aggregate Load Approach (CALA), Aggregate Workload Trigger (AGGWLT), Corrected Workload Trigger (CorrWLT), Work Center Workload Trigger (WCWLT), and Lancaster University Management School Corrected Order Release (LUMSCOR), are considered with planned release date sequencing rule. Four performance measures are considered in the present research work, i.e., mean throughput time, mean lead time, mean tardiness, and total setups. For experimental purposes, a simulation model is developed with six routing flexibility levels with the help of Promodel® software. Results indicate that the performance of all ORR policies can be improved by considering routing flexibility along with it. For a given ORR policy, as routing flexibility increases, there is a decrease in system performance measures up to a certain level, and after that, it starts increasing. Thus, routing flexibility has an optimum level. The least value of workload trigger level for all ORR policies provides the best results for mean throughput time performance measure. Further, as the workload trigger level increases, the best results are obtained for the other three performance measures except the mean throughput time. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"86 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46950954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-07DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.2023790
Cholleti Sriram, J. Somlal
ABSTRACT Zone 3 distance relay is linked in the system for protecting the transmission line that acts as a backup relay while the primary relay is in failure due to fault or any other issues; it can act as a secondary relay to clear the problems. Under power swing conditions, the magnitude of current and voltage is entirely in the relay to cause maloperation. In the mal-operative conditions, the relay was not working correctly as well to trip the transmission line. The above problem is mitigated by using the proper method of power swing blocking scheme. In the proposed approach, the supervision-based blocking scheme is introduced to avoid the maloperation of zone 3 distance relay under power swing conditions. The proposed blocking scheme is based on active power and the deviation of source and load voltage. The voltage and current signals are sensed by improved discrete wavelet transform (IM-DWT). It senses the power to generate the coefficients for analysis of the system conditions, whether the system is stressed or not. Here, the most advantageous algorithm of deep neural network (DNN) is utilized to analyze the IM-DWT coefficient for selecting the working function of distance relay. DNN operates two modes based on the coefficient values, namely RDL-1 (state assessment) and RDL-2 (power swing identification). The threshold-based blocking approach chooses the optimal function of DNN. The overall proposed system is implemented in the Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) IEEE 9 bus system, and the design and performance are verified in MATLAB/Simulink software. The proposed approach is more advantageous and offers a rapid operation to avoid the maloperation of the zone 3 distance relay as compared to the existing methods like support vector machine, artificial neural network, and k-nearest neighbour. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"IM-DWT with DNN Based Blocking Scheme of Third Zone Distance Relay in Power Swing Condition","authors":"Cholleti Sriram, J. Somlal","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.2023790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.2023790","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Zone 3 distance relay is linked in the system for protecting the transmission line that acts as a backup relay while the primary relay is in failure due to fault or any other issues; it can act as a secondary relay to clear the problems. Under power swing conditions, the magnitude of current and voltage is entirely in the relay to cause maloperation. In the mal-operative conditions, the relay was not working correctly as well to trip the transmission line. The above problem is mitigated by using the proper method of power swing blocking scheme. In the proposed approach, the supervision-based blocking scheme is introduced to avoid the maloperation of zone 3 distance relay under power swing conditions. The proposed blocking scheme is based on active power and the deviation of source and load voltage. The voltage and current signals are sensed by improved discrete wavelet transform (IM-DWT). It senses the power to generate the coefficients for analysis of the system conditions, whether the system is stressed or not. Here, the most advantageous algorithm of deep neural network (DNN) is utilized to analyze the IM-DWT coefficient for selecting the working function of distance relay. DNN operates two modes based on the coefficient values, namely RDL-1 (state assessment) and RDL-2 (power swing identification). The threshold-based blocking approach chooses the optimal function of DNN. The overall proposed system is implemented in the Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) IEEE 9 bus system, and the design and performance are verified in MATLAB/Simulink software. The proposed approach is more advantageous and offers a rapid operation to avoid the maloperation of the zone 3 distance relay as compared to the existing methods like support vector machine, artificial neural network, and k-nearest neighbour. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"66 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44672854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.2003947
P. Farhadi, S. M. Moghaddas Tafreshi
ABSTRACT Extensive studies have already been reported in recent literature on the characteristics of EVs and EV charging stations (EVCSs) and the majority of quality research was published in very recent years due to ever-increasing interests paid on this topic. So far, totally, 1167 research and review articles have been appeared in this field according to SCOPUS database until the end of first quartile of 2021. Obviously, studying such an enormous literature appeared in different subtopics is very difficult and time consuming. Thus, in this research work, only existing CS-related review articles are examined from various perspectives such as planning, operation, configurations, codes, standards, etc. Hence, to get an instant access to related research works a total of 38 review articles were selected on the scope of CS in between 2013 and 2021. The selected reviews were examined from different viewpoints including planning and operation, topologies, codes, and standards. Based on the discussions given in the investigated review articles, the present review study instantly demonstrates the existing issues and challenges of CSs as well as the future research directions in all related research fields. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles; a Comprehensive Review on Planning, Operation, Configurations, Codes and Standards, Challenges and Future Research Directions","authors":"P. Farhadi, S. M. Moghaddas Tafreshi","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.2003947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.2003947","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Extensive studies have already been reported in recent literature on the characteristics of EVs and EV charging stations (EVCSs) and the majority of quality research was published in very recent years due to ever-increasing interests paid on this topic. So far, totally, 1167 research and review articles have been appeared in this field according to SCOPUS database until the end of first quartile of 2021. Obviously, studying such an enormous literature appeared in different subtopics is very difficult and time consuming. Thus, in this research work, only existing CS-related review articles are examined from various perspectives such as planning, operation, configurations, codes, standards, etc. Hence, to get an instant access to related research works a total of 38 review articles were selected on the scope of CS in between 2013 and 2021. The selected reviews were examined from different viewpoints including planning and operation, topologies, codes, and standards. Based on the discussions given in the investigated review articles, the present review study instantly demonstrates the existing issues and challenges of CSs as well as the future research directions in all related research fields. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"213 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45973783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.2012323
Mukesh Singh, A. Gupta, Ashwani Kumar
ABSTRACT Distribution network experiences unbalancing due to random switching of loads, low voltage profile, high R/X ratio, and unequal loading in the different phases, which inturn causes more losses compared to transmission line. The voltage profiles, active, and reactive power in each phase are distinct due to unbalancing. In the present work, the authors analyzed unbalanced distribution network in presence of Series Voltage Regulator (SVR) considering the reduction in the losses and improvement in the voltage profile. The main highlights of the paper are: (i) placement and analysis of unbalance radial network with SVR at various phase angles; (ii) reduction in active, reactive power loss of the network and improvement in voltage profile; (iii) saving in cost of energy loss at different phase angle of SVR; and (iv) impact analysis of seasonal time varying load model. The placement of SVR at candidate node by considering real, reactive power loss reduction, and percentage rate of under voltage mitigated problem. Before and after SVR placements, the forward and backward sweep algorithm is used for the load flow calculation for analysis. The analysis is carried out on IEEE 25-bus radial distribution network with SVR phase shifter considering time varying seasonal load variations. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Analysis of Unbalanced Radial Distribution System with SVR and Impact of Phase Shifter Angle considering Time Varying Loads","authors":"Mukesh Singh, A. Gupta, Ashwani Kumar","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.2012323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.2012323","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Distribution network experiences unbalancing due to random switching of loads, low voltage profile, high R/X ratio, and unequal loading in the different phases, which inturn causes more losses compared to transmission line. The voltage profiles, active, and reactive power in each phase are distinct due to unbalancing. In the present work, the authors analyzed unbalanced distribution network in presence of Series Voltage Regulator (SVR) considering the reduction in the losses and improvement in the voltage profile. The main highlights of the paper are: (i) placement and analysis of unbalance radial network with SVR at various phase angles; (ii) reduction in active, reactive power loss of the network and improvement in voltage profile; (iii) saving in cost of energy loss at different phase angle of SVR; and (iv) impact analysis of seasonal time varying load model. The placement of SVR at candidate node by considering real, reactive power loss reduction, and percentage rate of under voltage mitigated problem. Before and after SVR placements, the forward and backward sweep algorithm is used for the load flow calculation for analysis. The analysis is carried out on IEEE 25-bus radial distribution network with SVR phase shifter considering time varying seasonal load variations. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"38 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45588989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-26DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.2012010
Masoud Dashtdar, M. S. Nazir, S. M. S. Hosseinimoghadam, M. Bajaj, S. B
ABSTRACT In this paper, a new control method is proposed to regulate the critical load’s voltage at the nominal value for low-voltage microgrids. So that, without telecommunication communication, the impedance voltage drop of the connection between the distributed generation (DG) output to the point of common coupling (PCC) for the passing of reactive and active power will be compensated. Where the Q-V droop control method will be modified to adjust the voltage of critical load to the normal value. Also, the sharing of reactive and active powers is accurately based on the DG resources capacity between them. For distinct control of the reactive and active powers and accurately sharing them between sources from the virtual impedance used with control loops of current and voltage. Also, in this method, the circulating current between sources will be minimized. The proposed method to test its effectiveness was performed on two networks, one with two DG units and the other with four DG units. The simulation results show that the proposed method is effective. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Improving the Sharing of Active and Reactive Power of the Islanded Microgrid Based on Load Voltage Control","authors":"Masoud Dashtdar, M. S. Nazir, S. M. S. Hosseinimoghadam, M. Bajaj, S. B","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.2012010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.2012010","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, a new control method is proposed to regulate the critical load’s voltage at the nominal value for low-voltage microgrids. So that, without telecommunication communication, the impedance voltage drop of the connection between the distributed generation (DG) output to the point of common coupling (PCC) for the passing of reactive and active power will be compensated. Where the Q-V droop control method will be modified to adjust the voltage of critical load to the normal value. Also, the sharing of reactive and active powers is accurately based on the DG resources capacity between them. For distinct control of the reactive and active powers and accurately sharing them between sources from the virtual impedance used with control loops of current and voltage. Also, in this method, the circulating current between sources will be minimized. The proposed method to test its effectiveness was performed on two networks, one with two DG units and the other with four DG units. The simulation results show that the proposed method is effective. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"142 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44347957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-26DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.2012324
S. Suyambazhahan, Tatek Temesgen, A. Nene, S. Ramachandran
ABSTRACT Air conditioning/air cooling systems are necessities of the modern urban world. These applications require huge power and have an adverse environmental impact because of the ozone-depleting coolants used. Saving electrical energy for compressors is made possible by redesigning the prime movers. Interdisciplinary approaches such as electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, thermal science, and solar energy produce electrical energy, which drastically saves more energy than the conventional system. This system converts solar radiations to heated steam to heat exchange to convert liquid coolant to vapor to produce a cooling effect using low energy. The experiment is conducted in a 1Ton conventional vapor compression system using a low-power consumption system built with an ‘ejector-based cooling system’ and ‘Scheffler concentrator-based heating system.’ The results reveal that 80% of energy is saved using unconventional interdisciplinary approaches in the subsystem design. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Energy Saving in an Air-Conditioning System Using Interdisciplinary Energy Conversion Approach","authors":"S. Suyambazhahan, Tatek Temesgen, A. Nene, S. Ramachandran","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.2012324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.2012324","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Air conditioning/air cooling systems are necessities of the modern urban world. These applications require huge power and have an adverse environmental impact because of the ozone-depleting coolants used. Saving electrical energy for compressors is made possible by redesigning the prime movers. Interdisciplinary approaches such as electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, thermal science, and solar energy produce electrical energy, which drastically saves more energy than the conventional system. This system converts solar radiations to heated steam to heat exchange to convert liquid coolant to vapor to produce a cooling effect using low energy. The experiment is conducted in a 1Ton conventional vapor compression system using a low-power consumption system built with an ‘ejector-based cooling system’ and ‘Scheffler concentrator-based heating system.’ The results reveal that 80% of energy is saved using unconventional interdisciplinary approaches in the subsystem design. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"54 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43873315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-18DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.2017543
U. K. Vates, B. Sharma, Nand Jee Kanu, E. Gupta, G. Singh
ABSTRACT Agile Manufacturing is a widely accepted strategy by most organizations as a tool to compete in the market. The success of an industrial product or organization depends on their ability to short out the critical and regular factors of agile manufacturing. Identification of suitable implementation of critical enablers could highlight industrial issues to enhance the process performance. The present research aimed to depict the critical enablers of agile manufacturing through the enablers of Internet of things (IoT) to improve the profitability and product quality. The methodologies adopted for the depiction of enablers in the research are similarity coefficient matrix (SCM) and Jaccard’s Similarity Index (JSI). The impact of organizational level, technological level, and employee-level enablers on IoT clusters were investigated analytically through SCM and JSI. JSI is applied to acquire data by survey and then a dendrogram is generated on the basis of the calculations done through this index. Response surface methodology (RSM) was also adopted to optimize the critical IoT enablers and it is validated with an analytical result. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Modeling and Optimization of IoT Factors to Enhance Agile Manufacturing Strategy-based Production System Using SCM and RSM","authors":"U. K. Vates, B. Sharma, Nand Jee Kanu, E. Gupta, G. Singh","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.2017543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.2017543","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Agile Manufacturing is a widely accepted strategy by most organizations as a tool to compete in the market. The success of an industrial product or organization depends on their ability to short out the critical and regular factors of agile manufacturing. Identification of suitable implementation of critical enablers could highlight industrial issues to enhance the process performance. The present research aimed to depict the critical enablers of agile manufacturing through the enablers of Internet of things (IoT) to improve the profitability and product quality. The methodologies adopted for the depiction of enablers in the research are similarity coefficient matrix (SCM) and Jaccard’s Similarity Index (JSI). The impact of organizational level, technological level, and employee-level enablers on IoT clusters were investigated analytically through SCM and JSI. JSI is applied to acquire data by survey and then a dendrogram is generated on the basis of the calculations done through this index. Response surface methodology (RSM) was also adopted to optimize the critical IoT enablers and it is validated with an analytical result. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"158 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45192934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.2015819
Nur Kyairatul Syafinie Abdul Majid, Aqil Asnawi Abu Hanapah, M. R. Saad, H. Mohd Faizal, Azam Che Idris, Seyed Ehsan Hosseini, H. Koten, Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul Rahman
ABSTRACT This study determines the effect of flow aerodynamics modification on the combustion characteristics of a new miniature combustor. The n-heptane was injected into the combustor at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min to 2.5 ml/min, and the airflow rate varied between 7.0 l/min and 20.0 l/min at a successive fuel flow rate to maintain the equivalence ratio. The flame was confined in the combustor in the lean fuel regime. The modified combustor stabilized and sustained the flame at a high Reynolds number. This study used a numerical simulation of the isothermal flow to explain the results of the experiment. The recirculation zone at the sidewall bottom chamber extends the combustor operating regime to the higher Reynolds number. This recirculation balanced the flame propagation and flow velocity at higher Reynolds numbers and strengthen the flame anchoring inside the bottom chamber. The modified flow aerodynamics enhanced the combustion sustainability of the miniature combustors. It is a critical parameter in designing new combustors with a wide range of operation regimes at a small scale. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Non-Premixed Liquid Fuel Air Flame in a Miniature Combustor with Modified Flow Aerodynamics","authors":"Nur Kyairatul Syafinie Abdul Majid, Aqil Asnawi Abu Hanapah, M. R. Saad, H. Mohd Faizal, Azam Che Idris, Seyed Ehsan Hosseini, H. Koten, Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul Rahman","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.2015819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.2015819","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study determines the effect of flow aerodynamics modification on the combustion characteristics of a new miniature combustor. The n-heptane was injected into the combustor at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min to 2.5 ml/min, and the airflow rate varied between 7.0 l/min and 20.0 l/min at a successive fuel flow rate to maintain the equivalence ratio. The flame was confined in the combustor in the lean fuel regime. The modified combustor stabilized and sustained the flame at a high Reynolds number. This study used a numerical simulation of the isothermal flow to explain the results of the experiment. The recirculation zone at the sidewall bottom chamber extends the combustor operating regime to the higher Reynolds number. This recirculation balanced the flame propagation and flow velocity at higher Reynolds numbers and strengthen the flame anchoring inside the bottom chamber. The modified flow aerodynamics enhanced the combustion sustainability of the miniature combustors. It is a critical parameter in designing new combustors with a wide range of operation regimes at a small scale. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"294 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47899183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.2012009
R. G, Ajna K I
ABSTRACT Food processing is an unavoidable activity that consumes huge amount of conventional fuels like firewood, gas, and kerosene. The fossil fuel depletion is a major factor concerned today. Thus, implementation of solar energy to the system is a key to improve the conventional system. The efficiency enhanced solar food processor is a system that can be used for cooking and drying house-hold products like fruits and vegetables. The food processor works based on the principle that greenhouse absorbs solar energy and converts it into heat within a closed area. Lots of heat energy is wasted in conventional solar cookers. The proposed system consists of a box type cooking chamber, glass cover, and a plane reflector. The reflector will concentrate more solar radiations to the cooking chamber. The food processor is provided with a thermal storage unit. The performance evaluations of the cooker can be done by changing the thermal storage materials. Graphical abstarct
{"title":"Design and Performance Evaluation of Efficiency Enhanced Solar Food Processor","authors":"R. G, Ajna K I","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2021.2012009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2021.2012009","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Food processing is an unavoidable activity that consumes huge amount of conventional fuels like firewood, gas, and kerosene. The fossil fuel depletion is a major factor concerned today. Thus, implementation of solar energy to the system is a key to improve the conventional system. The efficiency enhanced solar food processor is a system that can be used for cooking and drying house-hold products like fruits and vegetables. The food processor works based on the principle that greenhouse absorbs solar energy and converts it into heat within a closed area. Lots of heat energy is wasted in conventional solar cookers. The proposed system consists of a box type cooking chamber, glass cover, and a plane reflector. The reflector will concentrate more solar radiations to the cooking chamber. The food processor is provided with a thermal storage unit. The performance evaluations of the cooker can be done by changing the thermal storage materials. Graphical abstarct","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"283 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43841423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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