Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2023.2239611
Laman R. Sultan
ABSTRACT In this era of information security and communication, a major priority is the achievement of a robust and secure steganography system when thinking about information concealment. The development of such an information-hiding scheme demands that the scheme be able to hide a secret message within the cover media. The most vexing issues in existing steganography protocols are imperceptibility, security, and capacity, and researchers have frequently emphasized a trade-off between these issues. Scholars have consistently ignored the balance between security and payload because resolving one problem has been shown to have an impact on the other, and vice versa. To overcome these problems, an effective method known as the Conventional Neural Network based Edge Detection Method (CNN-EDM) has been presented for image steganography in this study. The CNN-EDM is used to improve the contributions of the proposed scheme. Four main stages were used to achieve the objectives in this research, beginning with the cover image and secret image preparation, followed by embedding, and culminating in extraction. The last stage is the evaluation stage, which employs several evaluations to benchmark the obtained results. A standard database from the Signal and Image Processing Institute (SIPI) containing color and grayscale images with 512 × 512 pixels was utilized in this study. Different parameters were used to test the performance of the suggested scheme based on security and imperceptibility (image quality). The image quality was evaluated using three important metrics: histogram analysis, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index (SSIM). Furthermore, two metrics were used to evaluate the security properties of the proposed system: the Human Visual System (HVS) and Chi-square (X2) attacks. The evaluations showed that the proposed scheme can enhance the capacity, invisibility, and security features and address the already existing problems in this domain. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Deep learning approach and cover image transportation: a multi-security adaptive image steganography scheme","authors":"Laman R. Sultan","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2023.2239611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2023.2239611","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this era of information security and communication, a major priority is the achievement of a robust and secure steganography system when thinking about information concealment. The development of such an information-hiding scheme demands that the scheme be able to hide a secret message within the cover media. The most vexing issues in existing steganography protocols are imperceptibility, security, and capacity, and researchers have frequently emphasized a trade-off between these issues. Scholars have consistently ignored the balance between security and payload because resolving one problem has been shown to have an impact on the other, and vice versa. To overcome these problems, an effective method known as the Conventional Neural Network based Edge Detection Method (CNN-EDM) has been presented for image steganography in this study. The CNN-EDM is used to improve the contributions of the proposed scheme. Four main stages were used to achieve the objectives in this research, beginning with the cover image and secret image preparation, followed by embedding, and culminating in extraction. The last stage is the evaluation stage, which employs several evaluations to benchmark the obtained results. A standard database from the Signal and Image Processing Institute (SIPI) containing color and grayscale images with 512 × 512 pixels was utilized in this study. Different parameters were used to test the performance of the suggested scheme based on security and imperceptibility (image quality). The image quality was evaluated using three important metrics: histogram analysis, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index (SSIM). Furthermore, two metrics were used to evaluate the security properties of the proposed system: the Human Visual System (HVS) and Chi-square (X2) attacks. The evaluations showed that the proposed scheme can enhance the capacity, invisibility, and security features and address the already existing problems in this domain. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"677 - 694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47299257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2023.2237225
Zeeshan Sarwer, Md. Nishat Anwar, A. Sarwar
ABSTRACT This work proposes a new configuration of asymmetrical MLI which is called a dual kite type (DK-type) multilevel inverter. Its special features include the low total standing voltage (TSV) along with less number of total components. The basic module of the proposed structure is able to generate 15 levels without the use of h-bridge. This results in decreasing the voltage stress considerably. The extension of the proposed circuit can be done in order to increase the levels. The operation of proposed MLI has been discussed in detail, and its comparison with some recently proposed topologies has been done in the paper. Moreover, the simulation results for different constant and dynamic loading conditions have been presented and experimental verification of the same has been done and results have been shown. Fundamental frequency-based switching strategy, also called nearest level control (NLC) modulation technique, is used for providing the switching signals. Further, loss evaluation in the proposed structure has been completed with the help of PLECS software. 5.5% THD is present in the output voltage. The proposed MLI has the maximum efficiency of 98.68% at the output power level of 0.5 kW. The results and analysis presented in the paper describe the improved performance of the proposed MLI. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Design, implementation, and analysis of an asymmetrically configured DK-type multilevel inverter","authors":"Zeeshan Sarwer, Md. Nishat Anwar, A. Sarwar","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2023.2237225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2023.2237225","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This work proposes a new configuration of asymmetrical MLI which is called a dual kite type (DK-type) multilevel inverter. Its special features include the low total standing voltage (TSV) along with less number of total components. The basic module of the proposed structure is able to generate 15 levels without the use of h-bridge. This results in decreasing the voltage stress considerably. The extension of the proposed circuit can be done in order to increase the levels. The operation of proposed MLI has been discussed in detail, and its comparison with some recently proposed topologies has been done in the paper. Moreover, the simulation results for different constant and dynamic loading conditions have been presented and experimental verification of the same has been done and results have been shown. Fundamental frequency-based switching strategy, also called nearest level control (NLC) modulation technique, is used for providing the switching signals. Further, loss evaluation in the proposed structure has been completed with the help of PLECS software. 5.5% THD is present in the output voltage. The proposed MLI has the maximum efficiency of 98.68% at the output power level of 0.5 kW. The results and analysis presented in the paper describe the improved performance of the proposed MLI. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"661 - 676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44943994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2023.2236778
Harekrishna Roy, Balaji Maddiboyina, S. A. Rahaman, Pravind Kumar Singh, A. Tripathi, Shani Kumar Srivastava, Raghvendra Chaubey, V. Theendra, Kameswararao Sankula
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of variables on dosage form development using a Taguchi orthogonal array design. By implementing the design, a total of nine sustained-release Metoprolol tartrate tablet formulations were created. In addition to four responses, four independent variables, including METHOCEL K15M, HPMC K100, Guar gum, and Pectic polysaccharide, were analyzed. In addition to evaluating formulations for hardness, swelling index, drug release percentage, and friability, a release kinetics study is conducted. Half normal plots and interaction plots were drawn to identify significant factors and study their interactions. The data were analyzed using statistical modeling, with the process order being design model and the model type being factorial with main effect determination. Formulation ‘F1’ was determined to be the best and most optimized formulation, and it was further characterized by attenuated total reflectance, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction studies. Additionally, the formulation was evaluated for stability in accordance with ICH guidelines, which revealed that it was sufficiently stable. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Implementation and effect estimation by Taguchi orthogonal array design for Metoprolol Sustained Release Tablets","authors":"Harekrishna Roy, Balaji Maddiboyina, S. A. Rahaman, Pravind Kumar Singh, A. Tripathi, Shani Kumar Srivastava, Raghvendra Chaubey, V. Theendra, Kameswararao Sankula","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2023.2236778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2023.2236778","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of variables on dosage form development using a Taguchi orthogonal array design. By implementing the design, a total of nine sustained-release Metoprolol tartrate tablet formulations were created. In addition to four responses, four independent variables, including METHOCEL K15M, HPMC K100, Guar gum, and Pectic polysaccharide, were analyzed. In addition to evaluating formulations for hardness, swelling index, drug release percentage, and friability, a release kinetics study is conducted. Half normal plots and interaction plots were drawn to identify significant factors and study their interactions. The data were analyzed using statistical modeling, with the process order being design model and the model type being factorial with main effect determination. Formulation ‘F1’ was determined to be the best and most optimized formulation, and it was further characterized by attenuated total reflectance, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction studies. Additionally, the formulation was evaluated for stability in accordance with ICH guidelines, which revealed that it was sufficiently stable. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42012018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2023.2239612
P. Seema, M. Nair, A. V. Vidyapeetham
ABSTRACT The unabated growth in global energy demand since the advent of the 21st-century call for augmented electrical power grids as a network of smart grids. The key components which shore up the grid’s ‘Smartness’ are the distributed intelligent controller modules. Existing electrical networks are limited by a short lifespan, power theft, and prolonged power outages, by the lack of smart sensors and proper communication equipment. Microgrids are a small network of electricity users with localized source of generation and are usually attached to the main grid but can function independently. The microgrid is a limited subset of the grid that may run either connected to or independently from the main grid, whereas the smart grid is a thorough modernization of the whole power grid infrastructure. Both systems aim to increase grid resilience, integrate renewable energy, increase grid efficiency, and support demand response programs. They work together to create an energy system that is more dependable, effective, and sustainable. There are various components which makes the grid smart and intelligent. This paper presents a review of flexible, intelligent instrumentation, and communication network components that capacitate smart grids with self-governing intelligence. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"The key modules involved in the evolution of an effective instrumentation and communication network in smart grids: a review","authors":"P. Seema, M. Nair, A. V. Vidyapeetham","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2023.2239612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2023.2239612","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The unabated growth in global energy demand since the advent of the 21st-century call for augmented electrical power grids as a network of smart grids. The key components which shore up the grid’s ‘Smartness’ are the distributed intelligent controller modules. Existing electrical networks are limited by a short lifespan, power theft, and prolonged power outages, by the lack of smart sensors and proper communication equipment. Microgrids are a small network of electricity users with localized source of generation and are usually attached to the main grid but can function independently. The microgrid is a limited subset of the grid that may run either connected to or independently from the main grid, whereas the smart grid is a thorough modernization of the whole power grid infrastructure. Both systems aim to increase grid resilience, integrate renewable energy, increase grid efficiency, and support demand response programs. They work together to create an energy system that is more dependable, effective, and sustainable. There are various components which makes the grid smart and intelligent. This paper presents a review of flexible, intelligent instrumentation, and communication network components that capacitate smart grids with self-governing intelligence. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"519 - 537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47224882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2023.2220914
Hsunli Huang, Hanlin Cheng, Chia-Chin Chiang, Wei-Ting Lin
Graphical abstract
图形抽象
{"title":"Effectiveness of a core strength training program on male college tennis players’ skills","authors":"Hsunli Huang, Hanlin Cheng, Chia-Chin Chiang, Wei-Ting Lin","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2023.2220914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2023.2220914","url":null,"abstract":"Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"629 - 638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47403056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2023.2225944
C. E. Ngene, P. Thakur, G. Singh, Prabhat Thakur E. Ngene, O. P. Thakur
ABSTRACT This paper discusses an overview of power allocation (PA) strategy for enabled sixth-generation (6 G) communication in visible light non-orthogonal multiple access (VL-NOMA) scenario. Light emitting diode (LED) deployed in the advancement of VL-NOMA 6 G limit-less efficiencies when complemented with radio frequency (RF)/millimeter-wave ( ), terahertz (THz), free-space optical (FSO) and VL. The encountered challenges in the currently deployed fifth generation (5 G) technology such as signal failures, low power, data loss, latency from (5 ), and loss of signal strength were solved with 6 G providing disruptive technologies, latency from ( ), massive connectivity, cell-less communications, modified machine learning algorithms, new security measures, more energy-efficient, infrastructure smart networking management, new spectrum, artificial intelligence (AI), disaggregation and virtualization supporting enough bandwidth, and increase data rate. The PA uses available power to distribute entire signals assigning power levels to multi-devices connected to VL-NOMA applications for envisioned virtual reality, unlocking all the possibilities of an indoor and outdoor transmission positioned to achieve superior accuracy, reliability and unlimited access. The 6 G 2030 roadmap positioning LED as a carrier assigning VL-NOMA PA techniques for a green solution improving high quality of services, higher data rate, reduced power consumption (using metasurface schemes), high capacity, energy efficiencies, low cost, illumination, communication and indication as detailed herein. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Power allocation strategies for 6G communication in VL-NOMA systems: an overview","authors":"C. E. Ngene, P. Thakur, G. Singh, Prabhat Thakur E. Ngene, O. P. Thakur","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2023.2225944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2023.2225944","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper discusses an overview of power allocation (PA) strategy for enabled sixth-generation (6 G) communication in visible light non-orthogonal multiple access (VL-NOMA) scenario. Light emitting diode (LED) deployed in the advancement of VL-NOMA 6 G limit-less efficiencies when complemented with radio frequency (RF)/millimeter-wave ( ), terahertz (THz), free-space optical (FSO) and VL. The encountered challenges in the currently deployed fifth generation (5 G) technology such as signal failures, low power, data loss, latency from (5 ), and loss of signal strength were solved with 6 G providing disruptive technologies, latency from ( ), massive connectivity, cell-less communications, modified machine learning algorithms, new security measures, more energy-efficient, infrastructure smart networking management, new spectrum, artificial intelligence (AI), disaggregation and virtualization supporting enough bandwidth, and increase data rate. The PA uses available power to distribute entire signals assigning power levels to multi-devices connected to VL-NOMA applications for envisioned virtual reality, unlocking all the possibilities of an indoor and outdoor transmission positioned to achieve superior accuracy, reliability and unlimited access. The 6 G 2030 roadmap positioning LED as a carrier assigning VL-NOMA PA techniques for a green solution improving high quality of services, higher data rate, reduced power consumption (using metasurface schemes), high capacity, energy efficiencies, low cost, illumination, communication and indication as detailed herein. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"475 - 518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49208107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2023.2229173
M. Deepanayaki, Vidyaathulasiraman
ABSTRACT In this manuscript, Enhanced Elman Spike Neural Network (EESNN) optimized with Red Fox optimization algorithm is proposed for Sugarcane Yield Grade Prediction (SYGD-EESNN-RFOA). Initially, the sugar yield prediction dataset is taken. Then the input data are pre-processed by hybrid decomposition method that is morphological filtering and extended empirical wavelet transformation (MF-EEWT) to retrieve the missing values. These pre-processed outputs are given to feature selection methods. During the process of feature selection, Entropy – Kurtosis-based feature selection method (EKBFS) is applied. These extracted features are fed to EESNN, and then it classifies the sugarcane yield as low grade, medium grade, and high grade. Generally, EESNN method does not indicate the use of any optimization strategies for calculating the best parameters to ensure accurate sugarcane yield forecast. To forecast the sugarcane production accurately, the Red Fox Optimization Algorithm (RFOA) is proposed. The proposed approach is carried out in Python; its performance is evaluated under performance metrics, such as precision, root mean square error, mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, convergence curve, and predicted percentage of changes in sugarcane yield during 2021–2027. The proposed SYGP-EESNN-RFOA framework attains higher accuracy of 27.5%, 16.65%, and 9.13%, 15.21% higher specificity compared with the existing methods. Graphical abstract In this manuscript, Enhanced Elman Spike Neural Network (EESNN) optimized with Red Fox optimization algorithm is proposed for Sugarcane Yield Grade Prediction (SYGD-EESNN-RFOA). EESNN method does not indicate the use of any optimization strategies for calculating the best parameters to ensure accurate sugarcane yield forecast.
{"title":"Enhanced Elman Spike neural network optimized with Red Fox optimization algorithm for sugarcane yield grade prediction","authors":"M. Deepanayaki, Vidyaathulasiraman","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2023.2229173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2023.2229173","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this manuscript, Enhanced Elman Spike Neural Network (EESNN) optimized with Red Fox optimization algorithm is proposed for Sugarcane Yield Grade Prediction (SYGD-EESNN-RFOA). Initially, the sugar yield prediction dataset is taken. Then the input data are pre-processed by hybrid decomposition method that is morphological filtering and extended empirical wavelet transformation (MF-EEWT) to retrieve the missing values. These pre-processed outputs are given to feature selection methods. During the process of feature selection, Entropy – Kurtosis-based feature selection method (EKBFS) is applied. These extracted features are fed to EESNN, and then it classifies the sugarcane yield as low grade, medium grade, and high grade. Generally, EESNN method does not indicate the use of any optimization strategies for calculating the best parameters to ensure accurate sugarcane yield forecast. To forecast the sugarcane production accurately, the Red Fox Optimization Algorithm (RFOA) is proposed. The proposed approach is carried out in Python; its performance is evaluated under performance metrics, such as precision, root mean square error, mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, convergence curve, and predicted percentage of changes in sugarcane yield during 2021–2027. The proposed SYGP-EESNN-RFOA framework attains higher accuracy of 27.5%, 16.65%, and 9.13%, 15.21% higher specificity compared with the existing methods. Graphical abstract In this manuscript, Enhanced Elman Spike Neural Network (EESNN) optimized with Red Fox optimization algorithm is proposed for Sugarcane Yield Grade Prediction (SYGD-EESNN-RFOA). EESNN method does not indicate the use of any optimization strategies for calculating the best parameters to ensure accurate sugarcane yield forecast.","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"568 - 582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44387224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2023.2225957
Tanuj Mishra, Amitoj Singh, Vikram Kumar Kamboj
ABSTRACT Microgrids are a single entity that manages several distributed generators and linked networks. This is the most recent study field in which traditional and renewable technologies may be combined to address the difficulties of transmission losses and CO2 emissions. Making microgrids smarter and more efficient requires cost-effective scheduling. As a result, a lot of new technologies are moving in the same direction. The study presented in this paper relates to the optimum scheduling of an islanded microgrid with three conventional DGs, one wind farm, and one solar power plant. A new improved method Levy Dingo Optimization algorithm (LDOA) of already existing technique named as Dingo Optimization algorithm (DOA) is designed and successfully tested on 23 bench-mark functions. Further, this hybrid technique is implemented on Economic load and Emission dispatch, Combined Eco-nomic Emission Dispatch (CEED) by considering various integration of distributed generators which is going to share the load for 24 h. The efficacy of the proposed technique is tested and compared with some current techniques like GWO, PSO, SOS, DE, and WOA as well as with newly developed approaches like DOA. In all four instances, i.e., without taking into account solar energy, without taking into account wind energy, without taking into account renewable energy sources and considering all five sources, the suggested solution outperforms the existing strategies, indicating that it has a lot of potential in this field. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Security Restricted Dispatch Optimization Using Improved LDOA Technique: In an Islanded Microgrid System","authors":"Tanuj Mishra, Amitoj Singh, Vikram Kumar Kamboj","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2023.2225957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2023.2225957","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Microgrids are a single entity that manages several distributed generators and linked networks. This is the most recent study field in which traditional and renewable technologies may be combined to address the difficulties of transmission losses and CO2 emissions. Making microgrids smarter and more efficient requires cost-effective scheduling. As a result, a lot of new technologies are moving in the same direction. The study presented in this paper relates to the optimum scheduling of an islanded microgrid with three conventional DGs, one wind farm, and one solar power plant. A new improved method Levy Dingo Optimization algorithm (LDOA) of already existing technique named as Dingo Optimization algorithm (DOA) is designed and successfully tested on 23 bench-mark functions. Further, this hybrid technique is implemented on Economic load and Emission dispatch, Combined Eco-nomic Emission Dispatch (CEED) by considering various integration of distributed generators which is going to share the load for 24 h. The efficacy of the proposed technique is tested and compared with some current techniques like GWO, PSO, SOS, DE, and WOA as well as with newly developed approaches like DOA. In all four instances, i.e., without taking into account solar energy, without taking into account wind energy, without taking into account renewable energy sources and considering all five sources, the suggested solution outperforms the existing strategies, indicating that it has a lot of potential in this field. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"460 - 474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43595048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-04DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2023.2220916
A. T. Al-Awadi, R. J. Al-Saadi, A. A. Mutasher
ABSTRACT Due to its impact on the derivation of hydrological models and the safe design of sewer and storm networks, the anticipation of rainfall events should be intensively studied. In this regard, studying the rainfall events in Karbala, Iraq, has specific importance after the rapid increase in population in this city and the impact of climate change beyond 2003. Herein, the maximum daily rainfall depth of Karbala city has been analyzed to investigate and extract its probability of future occurrence using frequency analysis. Eight theoretical probability distributions, which are Weibull, Gamma, Gumbel, Log normal, Generalized Extreme Value, Normal, Exponential, and Log-Pearson Type III, were fitted using Hyfran Plus software to simulate the characteristics of the observed probability of rainfall depth. Based on the results of four statistical indicators, the exponential distribution revealed the best performance as compared with other distributions. Accordingly, the synthetic storms of 24 hr were derived for cumulative and incremental distribution of rainfall depth using the Soil Conservation Service method type ΙΙ for the arid and semiarid region to recurrence periods (T = 2, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500), also the rainfall intensity duration frequency curves were developed. As an essential finding, new validated empirical formula has been proposed to optimize the coefficients of the location of Karbala city which may fill the gap for predicting the rainfall intensity and improving storm management strategies in Iraq.
{"title":"Frequency analysis of rainfall events in Karbala city, Iraq, by creating a proposed formula with eight probability distribution theories","authors":"A. T. Al-Awadi, R. J. Al-Saadi, A. A. Mutasher","doi":"10.1080/23080477.2023.2220916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2023.2220916","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Due to its impact on the derivation of hydrological models and the safe design of sewer and storm networks, the anticipation of rainfall events should be intensively studied. In this regard, studying the rainfall events in Karbala, Iraq, has specific importance after the rapid increase in population in this city and the impact of climate change beyond 2003. Herein, the maximum daily rainfall depth of Karbala city has been analyzed to investigate and extract its probability of future occurrence using frequency analysis. Eight theoretical probability distributions, which are Weibull, Gamma, Gumbel, Log normal, Generalized Extreme Value, Normal, Exponential, and Log-Pearson Type III, were fitted using Hyfran Plus software to simulate the characteristics of the observed probability of rainfall depth. Based on the results of four statistical indicators, the exponential distribution revealed the best performance as compared with other distributions. Accordingly, the synthetic storms of 24 hr were derived for cumulative and incremental distribution of rainfall depth using the Soil Conservation Service method type ΙΙ for the arid and semiarid region to recurrence periods (T = 2, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500), also the rainfall intensity duration frequency curves were developed. As an essential finding, new validated empirical formula has been proposed to optimize the coefficients of the location of Karbala city which may fill the gap for predicting the rainfall intensity and improving storm management strategies in Iraq.","PeriodicalId":53436,"journal":{"name":"Smart Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"639 - 648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49511184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2023.2213469
Chirag Rohit, P. Darji, H. Jariwala
ABSTRACT Sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) is a growing concern in wind turbine generators-based series capacitive compensated networks at low wind speed and peak compensation levels. It is feasible to increase the stability of SSR mode caused by a transmission line’s passive series compensation by providing active compensation using a flexible ac transmission system controller cooperating with an auxiliary damping controller. This paper presents preordainment and enhancement of SSR mode in DFIG-based series capacitive compensated line by incorporating an additional damping controller into the static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). The auxiliary damping controller modulates the reactive voltage injected by SSSC into the transmission line by considering the appropriate input control signal, reflecting the SSR instability, and giving the maximum damping to the SSR mode. The optimal input control signal is determined via residue analysis, and the design procedure of the auxiliary damping controller is presented using root locus plots. The root locus plots offer a visual representation of the loci for each mode and preordain eigenvalues for new stability, which aids in the design of the auxiliary damping controller. This feature allows to predetermine the SSR mode eigenvalue while before connecting it with SSSC. Accordingly, it provides a controlled dampening to SSR mode such that the desired damping ratio for SSR mode can be achieved without influencing the stability of other modes. The impact of the designed auxiliary damping controller is examined at high compensation levels and low wind speed. The eigenvalue analysis results show that the preordained eigenvalues found using root locus plots are correct and the proposed approach predominantly enhances the stability of SSR mode. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis and transient simulations are used to show the detuning and dampening of SSR mode. The proposed work is executed using MATLAB/Simulink.
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