Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.37892/2500-2902-2022-47-4-28-53
B. Borlykova
The article discusses the systematic nature of the folklore lexicon of Sart-Kalmyk songs recorded by K. E. Erendzhenov (1935), A. Sh. Kichikov (1964), U.-J. Sh. Dondukov (1975), E. R. Tenishev (1976), D. A. Pavlov (1982) and B. V. Menyaev (2009). The corpus of Sart-Kalmyk song texts has been posted by the authors of this article on the website http://kalmyki.narod.ru. The texts of the Olot songs of the Ili-Kazakh Autonomous Region of Xinjiang previously recorded by the authors of the article during the expeditions of 2012 and 2020 have been taken into consideration as well. All the nouns under analysis have been divided into the following lexico-semantic groups: “ethnonyms” (lexical units denoting people according to their nationality), “kinship terms” (lexical units denoting people according to their relationships), “lexical units denoting people according to their gender and age”, “titles” (lexical units denoting titles), “anthroponyms” (proper names); “lexical units denoting domestic animals” etc. Some lexical units are provided with comments from archival, expedition, and published materials. The analysis of the vocabulary of Sart-Kalmyk songs clearly shows that it is based on common Oirat lexicon which incorporated a number of early borrowings from other languages. Later borrowings from the Kyrgyz language have not been found in the texts of the Sart-Kalmyk songs. Therefore, the songs of the Sart-Kalmyks were created before their move to the valley of the Karakol River and before their conversion to Islam. The results of the research can contribute to further analysis of the lexical structure of Sart-Kalmyk song texts.
{"title":"К вопросу изучения нарицательной лексики сарт-калмыцких песен (по экспедиционным материалам)","authors":"B. Borlykova","doi":"10.37892/2500-2902-2022-47-4-28-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2022-47-4-28-53","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the systematic nature of the folklore lexicon of Sart-Kalmyk songs recorded by K. E. Erendzhenov (1935), A. Sh. Kichikov (1964), U.-J. Sh. Dondukov (1975), E. R. Tenishev (1976), D. A. Pavlov (1982) and B. V. Menyaev (2009). The corpus of Sart-Kalmyk song texts has been posted by the authors of this article on the website http://kalmyki.narod.ru. The texts of the Olot songs of the Ili-Kazakh Autonomous Region of Xinjiang previously recorded by the authors of the article during the expeditions of 2012 and 2020 have been taken into consideration as well. All the nouns under analysis have been divided into the following lexico-semantic groups: “ethnonyms” (lexical units denoting people according to their nationality), “kinship terms” (lexical units denoting people according to their relationships), “lexical units denoting people according to their gender and age”, “titles” (lexical units denoting titles), “anthroponyms” (proper names); “lexical units denoting domestic animals” etc. Some lexical units are provided with comments from archival, expedition, and published materials. The analysis of the vocabulary of Sart-Kalmyk songs clearly shows that it is based on common Oirat lexicon which incorporated a number of early borrowings from other languages. Later borrowings from the Kyrgyz language have not been found in the texts of the Sart-Kalmyk songs. Therefore, the songs of the Sart-Kalmyks were created before their move to the valley of the Karakol River and before their conversion to Islam. The results of the research can contribute to further analysis of the lexical structure of Sart-Kalmyk song texts.","PeriodicalId":53462,"journal":{"name":"Ural-Altaic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47713071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.37892/2500-2902-2022-47-4-117-166
I. Fedotova
This paper looks at the relationship between Khanty dialects from the perspective of the “language vs dialect” problem, applying the method of lexicostatistics to new archival and field data. Dialectal classification of Khanty is still a debatable issue with no reached consensus among researchers. The borders between dialectal groups within the Khanty language are mostly drawn by the phonetic and morphological criteria. Scholars traditionally separate Khanty dialect continuum into two dialectal groups: Northern (Western) and Eastern Khanty. However, recently many Khanty sources have become available to researchers, ranging from the unpublished 18th century archives to the printed dictionaries and digital field corpora. Having applied the method of lexicostatistics to this new material, the article shows that the Eastern group is not homogenous. As a result, the study identifies three contemporary Khanty languages: Northern Khanty, Vakh Khanty, and Surgut Khanty. Also, the article observes the correlation between these three groups and traditional ones that are distinguished by phonological and grammatical criteria (Eastern, Northern and dead Southern Khanty). Also, 13 new basic vocabulary lists based on the sources from the 18th to 21st centuries are published, which makes it possible to trace evolution of the dialects. Etymological notes and references, as well as proto-form reconstructions, are provided along the lists, which makes the supplementary material a miniversion of an etymological dictionary of Khanty dialects.
{"title":"Диалектное членение хантыйского языка по данным базисной лексики","authors":"I. Fedotova","doi":"10.37892/2500-2902-2022-47-4-117-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2022-47-4-117-166","url":null,"abstract":"This paper looks at the relationship between Khanty dialects from the perspective of the “language vs dialect” problem, applying the method of lexicostatistics to new archival and field data. Dialectal classification of Khanty is still a debatable issue with no reached consensus among researchers. The borders between dialectal groups within the Khanty language are mostly drawn by the phonetic and morphological criteria. Scholars traditionally separate Khanty dialect continuum into two dialectal groups: Northern (Western) and Eastern Khanty. However, recently many Khanty sources have become available to researchers, ranging from the unpublished 18th century archives to the printed dictionaries and digital field corpora. Having applied the method of lexicostatistics to this new material, the article shows that the Eastern group is not homogenous. As a result, the study identifies three contemporary Khanty languages: Northern Khanty, Vakh Khanty, and Surgut Khanty. Also, the article observes the correlation between these three groups and traditional ones that are distinguished by phonological and grammatical criteria (Eastern, Northern and dead Southern Khanty). Also, 13 new basic vocabulary lists based on the sources from the 18th to 21st centuries are published, which makes it possible to trace evolution of the dialects. Etymological notes and references, as well as proto-form reconstructions, are provided along the lists, which makes the supplementary material a miniversion of an etymological dictionary of Khanty dialects.","PeriodicalId":53462,"journal":{"name":"Ural-Altaic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47305206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.37892/2500-2902-2022-47-4-73-99
Valei Kel’makov
The article makes an attempt to trace the written sources and personal records of folklore texts and decipher the expression “I pity my butterfly-soul”, found in a dozen four-line songs, which in very close versions were recorded at the end of the 19th — beginning of the 21st centuries in the area of residence of the Kazan Udmurts (i. e. the modern-day Kukmor and Shoshmin dialectal areas of the Udmurt language). Ethnographers noted two names for ‘soul’ among the Udmurts: lul ‘souls of a living person’ and urt ‘souls of the deceased’ — in most modern dialects and modern printed sources, predominantly only the word lul (< Fug.) has survived to the present time, having a very wide range of meanings, overgrown with many derivatives and acting as part of a large circle of phraseological phrases. The soul urt (< Op.), often left a person’s body during sleep, even during their lifetime, in the form of various living creatures (mice, weasels, flies and most often butterflies), and the act of its returning after its wanderings, perhaps, gave rise to the expression “butterflysouls” (*bubyli-urt), which, due to the gradual withdrawal of the word urt from living speech, was transformed into the construction bubyli-lul using the widespread word lul, meaning ‘soul’ in all cases of its manifestation. The very expression of Bugyli lulme zhal’aśko (in variations) ‘I pity my butterfly-soul’ in the quatrain of the Kazan Udmurts, which, according to my information, was rarely or never performed as a song, presumably arose and remained in popular memory to designate the material hypostasis of the soul, sometimes appearing in this world, and, possibly, as a reminder of the frailty of man's earthly existence.
{"title":"«Бабочку-душу свою жалею» (к происхождению и письменной истории одного удмуртского выражения и слов, его составляющих)","authors":"Valei Kel’makov","doi":"10.37892/2500-2902-2022-47-4-73-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2022-47-4-73-99","url":null,"abstract":"The article makes an attempt to trace the written sources and personal records of folklore texts and decipher the expression “I pity my butterfly-soul”, found in a dozen four-line songs, which in very close versions were recorded at the end of the 19th — beginning of the 21st centuries in the area of residence of the Kazan Udmurts (i. e. the modern-day Kukmor and Shoshmin dialectal areas of the Udmurt language). Ethnographers noted two names for ‘soul’ among the Udmurts: lul ‘souls of a living person’ and urt ‘souls of the deceased’ — in most modern dialects and modern printed sources, predominantly only the word lul (< Fug.) has survived to the present time, having a very wide range of meanings, overgrown with many derivatives and acting as part of a large circle of phraseological phrases. The soul urt (< Op.), often left a person’s body during sleep, even during their lifetime, in the form of various living creatures (mice, weasels, flies and most often butterflies), and the act of its returning after its wanderings, perhaps, gave rise to the expression “butterflysouls” (*bubyli-urt), which, due to the gradual withdrawal of the word urt from living speech, was transformed into the construction bubyli-lul using the widespread word lul, meaning ‘soul’ in all cases of its manifestation. The very expression of Bugyli lulme zhal’aśko (in variations) ‘I pity my butterfly-soul’ in the quatrain of the Kazan Udmurts, which, according to my information, was rarely or never performed as a song, presumably arose and remained in popular memory to designate the material hypostasis of the soul, sometimes appearing in this world, and, possibly, as a reminder of the frailty of man's earthly existence.","PeriodicalId":53462,"journal":{"name":"Ural-Altaic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70126367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.37892/2500-2902-2022-47-4-7-27
Maria Bezenova
The article describes the morphological features of the first printed Gospels in the Udmurt language. These editions are the first longest coherent Udmurt texts, that is, they are one of the first sources for studying the formation of the morphological system of the standard Udmurt language. The paper describes the main grammatical categories of the noun (number, possessiveness, case) and verb (voice, mood, tense), as well as non-finite forms of the verb (infinitive, participle, gerund). The study is based on the corpus of texts that includes translations of the Gospels of Matthew and Mark into the Glazov dialect and the Gospel of Matthew into the Sarapul dialect of the Udmurt language, which were published in 1847. The analysis was carried out by comparing the linguistic data from the sources with the one from the Udmurt literary language and its dialects. Whenever possible, questions of the origin of morphological indicators are touched upon in order to determine the innovative or archaic nature of the features identified in the sources under analysis. The analysis reveals various kinds of characteristics in the texts of the first Udmurt Gospels. At the same time, many features are characteristic of the sources both in the Glazov and Sarapul dialects, which probably indicates the compilers’ desire to make all translations as easily understandable as possible for the speakers of different Udmurt dialects. However, the translations into the Glazov dialect still have some distinctive characteristics, such as the functioning of special possessive forms, the presence of secondary spatial cases, the use of egressive forms in the elative function, which indicate their dialect affiliation.
{"title":"Морфологические особенности первых печатных Евангелий на удмуртском языке","authors":"Maria Bezenova","doi":"10.37892/2500-2902-2022-47-4-7-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2022-47-4-7-27","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the morphological features of the first printed Gospels in the Udmurt language. These editions are the first longest coherent Udmurt texts, that is, they are one of the first sources for studying the formation of the morphological system of the standard Udmurt language. The paper describes the main grammatical categories of the noun (number, possessiveness, case) and verb (voice, mood, tense), as well as non-finite forms of the verb (infinitive, participle, gerund). The study is based on the corpus of texts that includes translations of the Gospels of Matthew and Mark into the Glazov dialect and the Gospel of Matthew into the Sarapul dialect of the Udmurt language, which were published in 1847. The analysis was carried out by comparing the linguistic data from the sources with the one from the Udmurt literary language and its dialects. Whenever possible, questions of the origin of morphological indicators are touched upon in order to determine the innovative or archaic nature of the features identified in the sources under analysis. The analysis reveals various kinds of characteristics in the texts of the first Udmurt Gospels. At the same time, many features are characteristic of the sources both in the Glazov and Sarapul dialects, which probably indicates the compilers’ desire to make all translations as easily understandable as possible for the speakers of different Udmurt dialects. However, the translations into the Glazov dialect still have some distinctive characteristics, such as the functioning of special possessive forms, the presence of secondary spatial cases, the use of egressive forms in the elative function, which indicate their dialect affiliation.","PeriodicalId":53462,"journal":{"name":"Ural-Altaic Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47743776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.37892/2500-2902-2022-47-4-100-116
Dmitriy Rukhliadev
For more than 100 years, the Department of Manuscripts and Documents of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences (formerly the Asiatic Museum, the St. Petersburg branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences) has been collecting materials on linguistic monuments of Central Asia and Siberia (mainly Turkic). However, there was no description and cataloguing of these materials. Since January 2010, the author of the present article has carried out an inventory and identification of these materials. As a result of this work, it was found that the collection contains a large number of unique linguistic materials, mainly rubbings of Turkic runic inscriptions, which significantly expand the possibilities of linguistic and historical study of the written heritage of the ancient Turks. The rubbings are copies of texts of both well-known and unknown monuments, as well as inscriptions that were considered lost. In the course of work with the collection, materials stored in the State Hermitage Museum, the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), the Russian Museum of Ethnography, the St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Archives of the Orientalists of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the RAS were involved. In parallel, work was carried out on the conservation of storage units. Some materials were included from other collections.
{"title":"Языковые материалы Фонда Центральной Азии и Сибири Отдела рукописей и документов Института восточных рукописей РАН","authors":"Dmitriy Rukhliadev","doi":"10.37892/2500-2902-2022-47-4-100-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2022-47-4-100-116","url":null,"abstract":"For more than 100 years, the Department of Manuscripts and Documents of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences (formerly the Asiatic Museum, the St. Petersburg branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences) has been collecting materials on linguistic monuments of Central Asia and Siberia (mainly Turkic). However, there was no description and cataloguing of these materials. Since January 2010, the author of the present article has carried out an inventory and identification of these materials. As a result of this work, it was found that the collection contains a large number of unique linguistic materials, mainly rubbings of Turkic runic inscriptions, which significantly expand the possibilities of linguistic and historical study of the written heritage of the ancient Turks. The rubbings are copies of texts of both well-known and unknown monuments, as well as inscriptions that were considered lost. In the course of work with the collection, materials stored in the State Hermitage Museum, the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), the Russian Museum of Ethnography, the St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Archives of the Orientalists of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the RAS were involved. In parallel, work was carried out on the conservation of storage units. Some materials were included from other collections.","PeriodicalId":53462,"journal":{"name":"Ural-Altaic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47204244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-141-147
A. Urmanchieva
The article examines three caritive markers in the Enets language: a verbal one -se (‘not to have something’), an attributive one -seδa/-seδe (‘(a person) not having something’) and an adverbial one -śuδiɁ (‘being without something’). It analyzes their Samoyedic cognates, both quite transparent and less obvious ones. The etymology of the attributive caritive marker is quite transparent even at the synchronic level: the forms of the attributive caritive (-se-δe) are imperfective participles from verbal caritive forms (-se). However, the formation of the imperfective participle in Enets in this case is accompanied by a complicated morphonological phenomenon: the form of the participial morpheme (-δe) with a fricative rather than a stop points to a glide that precedes that participial marker. Based on its Nganasan (adverbial caritive marker -kaj) and Mator (attributive caritive marker -gǝsta/-kǝsta) cognates, a protoform with the glide *j is reconstructed: for the verbal caritive, *-kaj, for the attributive caritive, *-kaj-ntå-jǝ̑. The etymology of the adverbial caritive marker -śuδiɁ is somewhat less obvious. The final -Ɂ is a reflex of the Proto-Northern Samoyedic adverbializer, which is used to form adverbs from adjectives (and causes the change of the quality of the preceding vowel). Accordingly, the adverbial form -śuδiɁ is formed from the hypothetical attributive form **-śuδe, which also resembles a participial form (-śu-δe). The allomorph of the participial marker (-δe) also points to a preceding etymological glide. In Mator, there is another caritive marker -gǝda/-kǝda, which can only go back to *-kaw-ntå(-jǝ̑): the protoform without the glide would have resulted in Mator **-gǝnda/-kǝnda, the protoform with the glide *j results in another Mator caritive marker -gǝsta /-kǝsta, mentioned above. The glide *w can also explain the appearance of the close back rounded vowel in Enets -śuδiɁ.
本文研究了埃涅茨语中的三个修辞标记:一个动词标记-se(“没有某物”)，一个定语标记-seδa/-seδe(“(一个人)没有某物”)和一个状语标记-śuδiɁ(“没有某物”)。它分析了他们的萨摩耶德同源词，既有相当明显的，也有不太明显的。即使在共时水平上，定语谓语标记的词源也相当清晰:定语谓语谓语(-se-δe)的形式是动词谓语谓语形式(-se)的不完成分词。然而，在这种情况下，Enets中不完成分词的形成伴随着一个复杂的形态学现象:分词语素(-δe)带有摩擦音而不是停止音的形式指向分词标记之前的滑音。根据其Nganasan(状语宾语标记-kaj)和Mator(定语宾语标记-gǝsta/-kǝsta)同源词，重构了带有滑格*j的原形:动词性宾语标记*-kaj，定语宾语标记*-kaj- nt - j。状语谓语标记-śuδiɁ的词源就不那么明显了。最后的-Ɂ是原始北萨摩耶德语状语的反射，它用于由形容词组成副词(并导致前一个元音的质量变化)。因此，状语形式-śuδiɁ是由假设定语形式**-śuδe形成的，它也类似于分词形式(-śu-δe)。分词标记(-δe)的异形体也指出了之前的词源滑动。在Mator中，还有另一个重力标记-gǝda/-kǝda，它只能返回到*- kawa - nt (- j):没有滑动的原形会导致Mator **-gǝnda/-kǝnda，具有滑动*j的原形会导致另一个Mator重力标记-gǝsta /-kǝsta，如上所述。滑音*w也可以解释Enets -śuδiɁ中紧密后圆元音的出现。
{"title":"Энецкие показатели каритива и их прасамодийские источники","authors":"A. Urmanchieva","doi":"10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-141-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-141-147","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines three caritive markers in the Enets language: a verbal one -se (‘not to have something’), an attributive one -seδa/-seδe (‘(a person) not having something’) and an adverbial one -śuδiɁ (‘being without something’). It analyzes their Samoyedic cognates, both quite transparent and less obvious ones. The etymology of the attributive caritive marker is quite transparent even at the synchronic level: the forms of the attributive caritive (-se-δe) are imperfective participles from verbal caritive forms (-se). However, the formation of the imperfective participle in Enets in this case is accompanied by a complicated morphonological phenomenon: the form of the participial morpheme (-δe) with a fricative rather than a stop points to a glide that precedes that participial marker. Based on its Nganasan (adverbial caritive marker -kaj) and Mator (attributive caritive marker -gǝsta/-kǝsta) cognates, a protoform with the glide *j is reconstructed: for the verbal caritive, *-kaj, for the attributive caritive, *-kaj-ntå-jǝ̑. The etymology of the adverbial caritive marker -śuδiɁ is somewhat less obvious. The final -Ɂ is a reflex of the Proto-Northern Samoyedic adverbializer, which is used to form adverbs from adjectives (and causes the change of the quality of the preceding vowel). Accordingly, the adverbial form -śuδiɁ is formed from the hypothetical attributive form **-śuδe, which also resembles a participial form (-śu-δe). The allomorph of the participial marker (-δe) also points to a preceding etymological glide. In Mator, there is another caritive marker -gǝda/-kǝda, which can only go back to *-kaw-ntå(-jǝ̑): the protoform without the glide would have resulted in Mator **-gǝnda/-kǝnda, the protoform with the glide *j results in another Mator caritive marker -gǝsta /-kǝsta, mentioned above. The glide *w can also explain the appearance of the close back rounded vowel in Enets -śuδiɁ.","PeriodicalId":53462,"journal":{"name":"Ural-Altaic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70125651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-34-57
Maria Klyucheva
This article continues the analysis of the Mari text of the book “The Beginnings of Christian doctrine ...”, published in Kazan in 1841. Previously (see [Klyucheva 2021]), the verb morphology (conjugation) in it was described. This work describes the noun morphology in “The Beginnings…” — the case system of nouns in the singular. In continuation of this work, we plan to consider the categories of number and possession. The case system in “The Beginnings…” includes all the 9 cases of the modern standard Mari (Meadow-Eastern) language and also abessive and ablative. The presence of the causative (case) with the indicator -lanen is questionable: it occurs in “The Beginnings…” in a single example with a pronoun. The analysis of noun morphology in “The Beginnings…” is made in comparison with the standard Mari (Meadow-Eastern) language and Meadow dialects. Its specificity lies primarily at the phonetic level: in the vocalism of unstressed syllables and the stress system. The system of vowels includes labial reduced u and ü. They are expressed in “The Beginnings…” by the letters о, у, ю, and are located on the border between the stem and the case affix (after labial vowels in the stem). In the standard language, only the non-labial reduced vowel ǝ̂ occurs in this position. Such vowel harmony in the language of “The Beginnings…” corresponds to the western subdialects of the Meadow dialect, especially the Volga subdialect. As regards the stress system, in “The Beginnings…” in the comitative, dative, ablative, partly in the lativе the stress is kept on the same syllable as in the nominative, while in the literary norm and in modern Meadow dialects all these case suffixes are under stress (only in the dative is the stress fluctuation allowed). This indicates changes in the system of stresses in the Meadow dialect since the creation of the monument. The article also shows examples of non-standard use of case forms (mainly inessive, accusative and genitive). They may reflect some poorly studied functions of cases in Meadow dialects. The results of the study of the case correlate with the previously obtained conclusions about the Volga dialect as the dialectal basis of this written monument. It reflects not only the modern, but also the historical features of this dialect.
{"title":"Именная морфология в памятнике марийской письменности… «Начатки христианского учения...» (1839/1841). Падеж","authors":"Maria Klyucheva","doi":"10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-34-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-34-57","url":null,"abstract":"This article continues the analysis of the Mari text of the book “The Beginnings of Christian doctrine ...”, published in Kazan in 1841. Previously (see [Klyucheva 2021]), the verb morphology (conjugation) in it was described. This work describes the noun morphology in “The Beginnings…” — the case system of nouns in the singular. In continuation of this work, we plan to consider the categories of number and possession. The case system in “The Beginnings…” includes all the 9 cases of the modern standard Mari (Meadow-Eastern) language and also abessive and ablative. The presence of the causative (case) with the indicator -lanen is questionable: it occurs in “The Beginnings…” in a single example with a pronoun. The analysis of noun morphology in “The Beginnings…” is made in comparison with the standard Mari (Meadow-Eastern) language and Meadow dialects. Its specificity lies primarily at the phonetic level: in the vocalism of unstressed syllables and the stress system. The system of vowels includes labial reduced u and ü. They are expressed in “The Beginnings…” by the letters о, у, ю, and are located on the border between the stem and the case affix (after labial vowels in the stem). In the standard language, only the non-labial reduced vowel ǝ̂ occurs in this position. Such vowel harmony in the language of “The Beginnings…” corresponds to the western subdialects of the Meadow dialect, especially the Volga subdialect. As regards the stress system, in “The Beginnings…” in the comitative, dative, ablative, partly in the lativе the stress is kept on the same syllable as in the nominative, while in the literary norm and in modern Meadow dialects all these case suffixes are under stress (only in the dative is the stress fluctuation allowed). This indicates changes in the system of stresses in the Meadow dialect since the creation of the monument. The article also shows examples of non-standard use of case forms (mainly inessive, accusative and genitive). They may reflect some poorly studied functions of cases in Meadow dialects. The results of the study of the case correlate with the previously obtained conclusions about the Volga dialect as the dialectal basis of this written monument. It reflects not only the modern, but also the historical features of this dialect.","PeriodicalId":53462,"journal":{"name":"Ural-Altaic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70125973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-148-168
Irina A. Khomchenkova
This paper describes the discourse functions of the 3rd singular possessive marker in Hill Mari. Many previous works indicated that POSS.3SG markers in the Uralic languages express the semantics of definiteness; contrastive uses were also mentioned for Mari and Permic languages. Indeed, in Hill Mari, POSS.3SG primarily marks contrast (selection from a set) rather than definiteness. The acceptability of this marker depends on the status of NPs in the information structure. It can mark a topic, and it also has a contrastive use — both in topic and in focus. This use is typical of specific NPs. However, if this NP is a contrastive topic or, less often, a contrastive focus, the possessive marker is also possible in non-specific NPs. Using Hawkins’ terms: in definite contexts (anaphoric use, associative anaphoric use, immediate situation use, larger situation use), it is felicitous only in a (contrastive) topic, but not in focus. The influence of the information structure is only absent in the context of the selection from a set. It is the idea of the selection from a set that unites the functions of the POSS.3SG marker in its discourse uses. At the NP level, this is the choice of a referent from a set of participants. Contrastive topic and focus are also analyzed as a selection from several alternatives. As for the topic shift, a new topic is similarly selected from a variety of possible options in discourse, activated in the minds of the speaker and the hearer, and when marking the protagonist, the choice occurs from the set of all protagonists acting in various fragments of the discourse. Thus, the same marker encodes similar semantics in Hill Mari at the levels of NP, local, and global discourse structure.
{"title":"Дискурсивные функции посессивного показателя третьего лица единственного числа в горномарийском языке","authors":"Irina A. Khomchenkova","doi":"10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-148-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-148-168","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the discourse functions of the 3rd singular possessive marker in Hill Mari. Many previous works indicated that POSS.3SG markers in the Uralic languages express the semantics of definiteness; contrastive uses were also mentioned for Mari and Permic languages. Indeed, in Hill Mari, POSS.3SG primarily marks contrast (selection from a set) rather than definiteness. The acceptability of this marker depends on the status of NPs in the information structure. It can mark a topic, and it also has a contrastive use — both in topic and in focus. This use is typical of specific NPs. However, if this NP is a contrastive topic or, less often, a contrastive focus, the possessive marker is also possible in non-specific NPs. Using Hawkins’ terms: in definite contexts (anaphoric use, associative anaphoric use, immediate situation use, larger situation use), it is felicitous only in a (contrastive) topic, but not in focus. The influence of the information structure is only absent in the context of the selection from a set. It is the idea of the selection from a set that unites the functions of the POSS.3SG marker in its discourse uses. At the NP level, this is the choice of a referent from a set of participants. Contrastive topic and focus are also analyzed as a selection from several alternatives. As for the topic shift, a new topic is similarly selected from a variety of possible options in discourse, activated in the minds of the speaker and the hearer, and when marking the protagonist, the choice occurs from the set of all protagonists acting in various fragments of the discourse. Thus, the same marker encodes similar semantics in Hill Mari at the levels of NP, local, and global discourse structure.","PeriodicalId":53462,"journal":{"name":"Ural-Altaic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70125752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-58-78
Yuri Koryakov
This article examines the changes in the ethno-linguistic territory of the Mansi (Voguls) in the Cis-Urals and in the Tura basin during the 17th—20th centuries. In most of these lands, the Mansi and Mansi languages disappeared no later than the early / middle 19th century. But the assimilation and displacement of the Mansi took place a little differently and at different speeds in different parts. The purpose of this article is to bring together and systematize information about the distribution of the Mansi and Mansi languages in the western and southern parts of their range during the 17th—20th centuries. Both primary sources of the 17th—19th centuries and the works of researchers of the 19th—21st centuries were used as material for the study. Particular attention is paid to census data, as well as data on yasak payers of the 17th century. The result of the work is a detailed reconstruction of the geographical distribution and demographics of the Mansi in this region after the 17th century. All toponyms mentioned in earlier works were georeferenced, and diachronic correlation of objects from different time layers was made. For convenience of presentation, the territory under consideration is divided into several sub-areas. Special attention was paid to the time of the disappearance of the Mansi languages in each sub-area and more accurate georeferencing of the known Mansi dictionaries of the 18th—19th centuries. The collected and systematized information is illustrated by detailed ethno-linguistic maps, which make it possible to compare the situation with the Mansi and the Mansi language in different centuries. Such an analysis, based on the areal principle and accompanied by detailed maps, is being done for the first time. The results of the work, including maps, can be used by specialists of various profiles, incl. linguists studying Mansi dialectology and toponymy, ethnographers and historians
{"title":"Изменение этноязыковой территории западных и южных манси в XVII—XX вв. Часть I. Предуралье и бассейн Туры","authors":"Yuri Koryakov","doi":"10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-58-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-58-78","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the changes in the ethno-linguistic territory of the Mansi (Voguls) in the Cis-Urals and in the Tura basin during the 17th—20th centuries. In most of these lands, the Mansi and Mansi languages disappeared no later than the early / middle 19th century. But the assimilation and displacement of the Mansi took place a little differently and at different speeds in different parts. The purpose of this article is to bring together and systematize information about the distribution of the Mansi and Mansi languages in the western and southern parts of their range during the 17th—20th centuries. Both primary sources of the 17th—19th centuries and the works of researchers of the 19th—21st centuries were used as material for the study. Particular attention is paid to census data, as well as data on yasak payers of the 17th century. The result of the work is a detailed reconstruction of the geographical distribution and demographics of the Mansi in this region after the 17th century. All toponyms mentioned in earlier works were georeferenced, and diachronic correlation of objects from different time layers was made. For convenience of presentation, the territory under consideration is divided into several sub-areas. Special attention was paid to the time of the disappearance of the Mansi languages in each sub-area and more accurate georeferencing of the known Mansi dictionaries of the 18th—19th centuries. The collected and systematized information is illustrated by detailed ethno-linguistic maps, which make it possible to compare the situation with the Mansi and the Mansi language in different centuries. Such an analysis, based on the areal principle and accompanied by detailed maps, is being done for the first time. The results of the work, including maps, can be used by specialists of various profiles, incl. linguists studying Mansi dialectology and toponymy, ethnographers and historians","PeriodicalId":53462,"journal":{"name":"Ural-Altaic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70125992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-79-105
I. Novak
The article reports the results of an analysis of the distribution of front fricative consonants in the Middle Karelian group of Karelian sub-dialects. The study area was chosen due to its position at a transition between Karelian supradialects, where two opposite sibilant presentation systems collide. Intensive migrations of Karelians inside the study area have generated a fairly sophisticated situation with the phenomenon in question: which consonant variant is used depends on quite a few factors (opening or closing position in the word, presence of the vowel i in the immediate vicinity, front or back vocalism of the word, quality of the second component in consonant blends), which appear in different combinations across the distribution range. Application of the cognate analysis algorithm of LingvoDoc linguistic platform to the thematic dictionaries, which were made using the “Programs for collecting material for the dialectal atlas of the Karelian language” filled out in the mid-20th century in 146 settlements in Karelia, permitted determining which specific word beginning and middle phonetic positions influence the distribution of possible variants of front fricatives in the Middle Karelian sub-dialect group. Visualization of the results in a map brings about the conclusion about the areal nature of the dialect differentiating phonetic phenomenon, on the one hand, and demonstrates that the main sibilant distribution isoglosses do not coincide with the boundaries of Karelian dialects and supradialects in the traditional division, on the other.
{"title":"Распределение переднеязычных щелевых согласных в говорах карельского языка Средней Карелии (на основе применения алгоритма «анализ когнатов» лингвистической платформы ЛингвоДок)","authors":"I. Novak","doi":"10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-79-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-79-105","url":null,"abstract":"The article reports the results of an analysis of the distribution of front fricative consonants in the Middle Karelian group of Karelian sub-dialects. The study area was chosen due to its position at a transition between Karelian supradialects, where two opposite sibilant presentation systems collide. Intensive migrations of Karelians inside the study area have generated a fairly sophisticated situation with the phenomenon in question: which consonant variant is used depends on quite a few factors (opening or closing position in the word, presence of the vowel i in the immediate vicinity, front or back vocalism of the word, quality of the second component in consonant blends), which appear in different combinations across the distribution range. Application of the cognate analysis algorithm of LingvoDoc linguistic platform to the thematic dictionaries, which were made using the “Programs for collecting material for the dialectal atlas of the Karelian language” filled out in the mid-20th century in 146 settlements in Karelia, permitted determining which specific word beginning and middle phonetic positions influence the distribution of possible variants of front fricatives in the Middle Karelian sub-dialect group. Visualization of the results in a map brings about the conclusion about the areal nature of the dialect differentiating phonetic phenomenon, on the one hand, and demonstrates that the main sibilant distribution isoglosses do not coincide with the boundaries of Karelian dialects and supradialects in the traditional division, on the other.","PeriodicalId":53462,"journal":{"name":"Ural-Altaic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70126255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：