Lobjet de cet article est declairer les rapports quentretiennent le droit naturel et leconomie dans la pensee de F. Bastiat. On montre que le statut de la raison humaine occupe une place centrale dans cette articulation. On met egalement en evidence les tensions entre le mecanisme de repartition des droits de propriete soumis a une procedure de concurrence et le respect de la loi naturelle. A cet egard, F. Bastiat definit la liberte comme la capacite a utiliser la raison.The aim of this paper is to throw a new light on the close relations between natural rights and economics in F. Bastiats thought. We show that the human reason status holds a central place in this articulation. We also underscore the problematic compatibility between the natural rights allocation mechanism based on a competition process and the natural law. We explain how F. Bastiat comes to grips with this tension. He proposes to define the notion of liberty as the faculty of using human reason.
本论文的目的是对申报者的报告进行审查，以确定自然权利和经济权利，并根据巴斯夏的观点进行审查。在montre que le statut de la reason of human占据了一个中央位置，这是一个中心位置。关于平等，甚至证据表明，紧张关系包括重新分配机制、固有权利、统一的协商程序和尊重自然法则。从另一方面来说，巴斯夏明确地说，自由就是能力，利用就是理由。本文旨在重新审视巴斯夏思想中自然权利与经济学的密切关系。我们表明，人类理性的地位在这一表述中占有中心地位。我们还强调了基于竞争过程的自然权利配置机制与自然法之间存在的兼容性问题。我们将解释巴斯夏是如何处理这种紧张关系的。他建议将自由的概念定义为运用人类理性的能力。
{"title":"Natural Order Reason and Catallactic: The Approach of F. Bastiat","authors":"P. Solal, A. Zouache","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1156","url":null,"abstract":"Lobjet de cet article est declairer les rapports quentretiennent le droit naturel et leconomie dans la pensee de F. Bastiat. On montre que le statut de la raison humaine occupe une place centrale dans cette articulation. On met egalement en evidence les tensions entre le mecanisme de repartition des droits de propriete soumis a une procedure de concurrence et le respect de la loi naturelle. A cet egard, F. Bastiat definit la liberte comme la capacite a utiliser la raison.The aim of this paper is to throw a new light on the close relations between natural rights and economics in F. Bastiats thought. We show that the human reason status holds a central place in this articulation. We also underscore the problematic compatibility between the natural rights allocation mechanism based on a competition process and the natural law. We explain how F. Bastiat comes to grips with this tension. He proposes to define the notion of liberty as the faculty of using human reason.","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80727110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"`Reason and the Explanation of Social Order'. A Comment on Warren Samuels, 'An Essay on the Unmagic of Norms and Rules and of Markets'","authors":"B. Norman","doi":"10.1515/JEEH-2000-0208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JEEH-2000-0208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85068396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Larticle est un essai qui propose de faire trois additions a la theorie evolutionniste hayekienne.La premiere pour eclairer lemergence des regles, sociales, zone dombre chez Hayek, en introduisant le concept despaces relationnels , embryons des espaces institutionnels.La seconde pour faire apparaitre le role de laction humaine dans levolution des regles sociales : des individus ou groupes dindividus jouent un role entrepreneurial et cherchent a changer des institutions qui ne conviennent pas a leurs exigences ethiques.La derniere pour reintroduire une reference a lordre naturel quHayek avait voulu eliminer, mais qui valide le processus hayekien a condition de retenir une approche subjective du droit naturel (comme lapproche thomiste) par opposition aux approches objectives courantes (sinspirant dAristote et de Puffendorf).This paper tries to add three elements to Hayeks theory of evolution.The first element sheds light on a moot point in Hayeks thought, the emergence of social rules. It does so by introducing the concept of relational spheres, deemed as incipient institutional spheres.The second element tries to make the role of human action conspicuous in the evolution of social rules: individuals or groups of individuals play an entrepreneurial role and seek to alter institutions which are no longer in harmony with their ethical moorings.The last element introduces a reference to natural order which Hayek discarded in his thought. This reference validates the Hayekian process as long as a subjective approach to natural law (as in the Thomistic approach) is retained in contrast to contemporary objective approaches (taking their heed from Aristotle and Puffendorf.)
这篇文章提出了对哈耶克进化论理论的三个补充。第一个是通过引入关系和平的概念，制度空间的胚胎，来阐明哈耶克的核心社会规则的出现。第二种是揭示人类行为在社会规则演变中的作用:个人或个人群体扮演着企业家的角色，并寻求改变不符合其伦理要求的制度。后者重新引入了对自然法则的引用，quHayek想要消除，但它验证了hayekien过程，条件是保留对自然法的主观方法(如thomist方法)，而不是当前的客观方法(灵感来自dAristote和Puffendorf)。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。in The first元素单间light on a点的模拟、Hayeks thought The涌现of social rules。这是通过引入关系球体的概念，作为早期的制度球体。第二个因素试图使人的行动在社会规则的演变中发挥明显的作用:个人或个人群体发挥企业家的作用，并寻求改变不再符合其道德基础的制度。The last元素introduces a reference to natural order which in his Hayek discarded thought。这一参考证实了Hayekian的过程，因为它是自然法的一种主观方法(如Thomistic方法)，与当代客观方法(从亚里士多德和普芬多夫继承的)形成了对比。
{"title":"Hayek's Unconventionalism","authors":"G. Jacques","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1171","url":null,"abstract":"Larticle est un essai qui propose de faire trois additions a la theorie evolutionniste hayekienne.La premiere pour eclairer lemergence des regles, sociales, zone dombre chez Hayek, en introduisant le concept despaces relationnels , embryons des espaces institutionnels.La seconde pour faire apparaitre le role de laction humaine dans levolution des regles sociales : des individus ou groupes dindividus jouent un role entrepreneurial et cherchent a changer des institutions qui ne conviennent pas a leurs exigences ethiques.La derniere pour reintroduire une reference a lordre naturel quHayek avait voulu eliminer, mais qui valide le processus hayekien a condition de retenir une approche subjective du droit naturel (comme lapproche thomiste) par opposition aux approches objectives courantes (sinspirant dAristote et de Puffendorf).This paper tries to add three elements to Hayeks theory of evolution.The first element sheds light on a moot point in Hayeks thought, the emergence of social rules. It does so by introducing the concept of relational spheres, deemed as incipient institutional spheres.The second element tries to make the role of human action conspicuous in the evolution of social rules: individuals or groups of individuals play an entrepreneurial role and seek to alter institutions which are no longer in harmony with their ethical moorings.The last element introduces a reference to natural order which Hayek discarded in his thought. This reference validates the Hayekian process as long as a subjective approach to natural law (as in the Thomistic approach) is retained in contrast to contemporary objective approaches (taking their heed from Aristotle and Puffendorf.)","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"135 23","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72558980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HEDGEHOG OR FOX? HAYEK AND THE IDEA OF PLAN-COORDINATION","authors":"M. KirznerIsrael","doi":"10.1515/JEEH-1999-2-303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JEEH-1999-2-303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/JEEH-1999-2-303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72517657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lidee la plus repandue est que dans les annees 40 Hayek delaissa leconomie en general et la theorie du cycle des affaires en particulier. En fait, Hayek est demeure fidele a ses idees sur ce dernier point. Sa theorie du cycle economique differe de celle de Mises : Hayek a mis laccent sur les perturbations endogenes qui donnent naissance aux cycles. Selon Hayek et Wicksell, le systeme bancaire ne parvient pas a arreter cette expansion illusoire. Les derniers travaux de Hayek sur la concurrence et la monnaie sont dans la lignee de son objectif de stabilisation monetaire. Il ne propose pas une theorie du cycle des affaires mais plutot une theorie a propos de labsence de cycles, une theorie de lanti-cycle.The most commonly held idea is that in the 1940s Hayek lost interest in economics in general and in trade cycle theory in particular. Hayek did not change his mind on this subject. His trade cycle theory differs from Misesone: Hayek puts the stress on the endogenous disturbance at the beginning of the trade cycle. According to both Hayek and Wicksell, the banking system fails to stop the false expansion. His late works on competition and money remain in line with his objective of monetary stabilization. Hayek does not present a trade cycle theory but rather a theory about the absence of a cycle, an anticycle theory.
在20世纪40年代，哈耶克·德拉萨(Hayek delaissa)对一般经济学，特别是商业周期理论进行了广泛的研究。事实上，哈耶克在最后一点上仍然忠于自己的想法。哈耶克和威克塞尔认为，银行系统未能阻止这种虚幻的扩张。哈耶克关于竞争和货币的最新研究与他的货币稳定目标是一致的。它不是一个商业周期理论，而是一个关于没有周期的理论，一个反周期理论。在20世纪40年代，哈耶克对经济学失去了兴趣，特别是对贸易周期理论失去了兴趣。哈耶克没有改变他对这个问题的看法。儿子trade周期理论differs from Misesone哈耶克:这个麻烦的看跌期权the stress on the微型毕业典礼上of the trade周期。根据哈耶克和威克塞尔的说法，银行体系未能阻止错误的扩张。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。哈耶克does not此证a a theory about the trade周期理论而缺乏anticycle theory of a轮,每年。
{"title":"Hayek's Anti-Cycle Theory As The Rule Of Necessity","authors":"Bliek Jean-Gabriel","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1175","url":null,"abstract":"Lidee la plus repandue est que dans les annees 40 Hayek delaissa leconomie en general et la theorie du cycle des affaires en particulier. En fait, Hayek est demeure fidele a ses idees sur ce dernier point. Sa theorie du cycle economique differe de celle de Mises : Hayek a mis laccent sur les perturbations endogenes qui donnent naissance aux cycles. Selon Hayek et Wicksell, le systeme bancaire ne parvient pas a arreter cette expansion illusoire. Les derniers travaux de Hayek sur la concurrence et la monnaie sont dans la lignee de son objectif de stabilisation monetaire. Il ne propose pas une theorie du cycle des affaires mais plutot une theorie a propos de labsence de cycles, une theorie de lanti-cycle.The most commonly held idea is that in the 1940s Hayek lost interest in economics in general and in trade cycle theory in particular. Hayek did not change his mind on this subject. His trade cycle theory differs from Misesone: Hayek puts the stress on the endogenous disturbance at the beginning of the trade cycle. According to both Hayek and Wicksell, the banking system fails to stop the false expansion. His late works on competition and money remain in line with his objective of monetary stabilization. Hayek does not present a trade cycle theory but rather a theory about the absence of a cycle, an anticycle theory.","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"549 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77745218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Pilgrimage to Liberty","authors":"P. LiggioLeonard","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75573309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Larticle cherche a contrer les critiques formulees a lencontre de la theorie evolutionnaire de Hayek en mettant en evidence les apports des theories de la complexite. Cela permet tout dabord de comprendre que la methode de Hayek nest pas un holisme mais un anti-reductionnisme. Cette methode est constante chez lauteur, que ce soit dans son approche du marche ou de levolution culturelle : il ny aurait donc aucune incoherence dans sa pensee.De surcroit, la prise en compte de lignorance individuelle comme des phenomenes demergence ne permet plus dutiliser la theorie des jeux pour corroborer ou refuter les explications dites de main-invisible . La theorie de levolution culturelle aurait donc une plus grande portee descriptive que celle qui lui est generalement conferee.This paper tries to respond to criticisms raised against Hayeks evolutionary theory by highlighting the salient features of theories of complexity. This allows us first to understand that Hayeks method is not holistic but anti-reductionist. This method permeates Hayeks whole oeuvre, whether it be his theory of the market or his ideas about cultural evolution. Hence, there is no inconsistency in his thought. Furthermore, taking individual ignorance and the phenomena of emergence into account no long allows us to use game theory in order to corroborate or refute invisible hand explanations. The theory of cultural evolution would hence have a greater scope than that traditionally acknowledged.
这篇文章试图通过强调复杂性理论的贡献来反驳对哈耶克进化论的批评。这让我们首先理解哈耶克的方法不是整体主义，而是反还原论。这种方法对lauteur来说是不变的，无论是在他对市场的态度上，还是在他对文化发展的态度上:因此，他的思想没有矛盾。此外，将个人优势作为差异现象加以考虑，不再允许使用博弈论来证实或驳斥所谓的看不见的手的解释。因此，文化进化理论将具有比通常赋予它的更大的描述性范围。This paper选种to respond to之间权利,against Hayeks游戏理论》by the salient highlighting features of theories of复杂性。这让我们首先理解海耶克的方法不是整体的，而是反简化主义的。这个方法permeates Hayeks it be如果腿”,作品的儿子theory of the market黄金his ideas about文化的进化。所以，在思想上没有矛盾。此外,证明一个人的无知和失败的过程中涌现的phenomena》no long相称的us to use game theory in order to hand corroborate专家才能隐身黄金不会解释。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。
{"title":"Hayek's Complexity","authors":"Chaumont-Chancelier Frédérique","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1173","url":null,"abstract":"Larticle cherche a contrer les critiques formulees a lencontre de la theorie evolutionnaire de Hayek en mettant en evidence les apports des theories de la complexite. Cela permet tout dabord de comprendre que la methode de Hayek nest pas un holisme mais un anti-reductionnisme. Cette methode est constante chez lauteur, que ce soit dans son approche du marche ou de levolution culturelle : il ny aurait donc aucune incoherence dans sa pensee.De surcroit, la prise en compte de lignorance individuelle comme des phenomenes demergence ne permet plus dutiliser la theorie des jeux pour corroborer ou refuter les explications dites de main-invisible . La theorie de levolution culturelle aurait donc une plus grande portee descriptive que celle qui lui est generalement conferee.This paper tries to respond to criticisms raised against Hayeks evolutionary theory by highlighting the salient features of theories of complexity. This allows us first to understand that Hayeks method is not holistic but anti-reductionist. This method permeates Hayeks whole oeuvre, whether it be his theory of the market or his ideas about cultural evolution. Hence, there is no inconsistency in his thought. Furthermore, taking individual ignorance and the phenomena of emergence into account no long allows us to use game theory in order to corroborate or refute invisible hand explanations. The theory of cultural evolution would hence have a greater scope than that traditionally acknowledged.","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74045356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lanalyse economique des Autrichiens se fonde aujourdhui comme hier sur la notion de subjectivisme, dans les deux voies economique et methodologique heritees de Carl Menger. Aujourdhui le debat sest deplace vers lanalyse des rapports entre ethique et catallaxie, sujet dautant plus important pour juger des aspects normatifs de la position Autrichienne que les differents representants de lecole ny ont pas des positions homogenes. Lauteur se concentre sur les developpements de Carl Menger et Friedrich Hayek. Il se fonde sur lexistence de resultats involontaires connexes des actions individuelles volontaires, qui interdisent de statuer sur la justification ethique des institutions a partir du caractere ethique des motivations initiales des agents. In fine lethique nest pas pertinente pour traiter du probleme. Marche et ethique interagissent de facon indissoluble et ne se trouvent plus dans une opposition factice, des lors quavec les Autrichiens on delaisse la vision strictement instrumentaliste du marche.The analysis developed by the Austrian school is rooted in subjectivism as expressed by Carl Menger at the twin levels of economics and methodology. Nowadays the debate shifted towards the relationship between ethics and catallactics, a strategic issue conceiving of the normative aspects of classical liberalism where the Austrian themselves do not defend an homogeneous position. The author refers only to Carl Menger and Friedrich Hayek in the paper. He explains that the very existence of unintended consequences of voluntary actions does forbid any ethical analysis of the institutions on the basis of ethical considerations of individual motivations. In fine, ethics is irrelevant to address the question. Market and ethics cannot remain in a kind of opposition, and their relationship can be understood on the basis of their interaction instead, as soon as the instrumentalist vision of the market has been left away.
今天对奥地利人的经济分析一如既往地以主观主义的概念为基础，以卡尔·门格尔继承的经济和方法论两种方式为基础。今天，辩论转向了伦理学和catallaxie之间的关系，这是一个更重要的问题，以判断奥地利立场的规范方面，因为不同的学校代表没有相同的立场。Lauteur专注于卡尔·门格尔和弗里德里希·哈耶克的发展。它依赖于个人自愿行为的相关非自愿结果的存在，这使得从行为者最初动机的伦理特征来判断制度的伦理正当性成为不可能。归根结底，这与解决这个问题无关。市场和伦理以一种不可分割的方式相互作用，不再是一种人为的对立，因为奥地利人放弃了市场的严格工具主义观点。奥地利学派的分析根源于卡尔·门格尔在经济学和方法论的双重层次上所表达的主观主义。说的the debate shifted迈向the ethics and catallactics之间的关系、战略产生了圣母的规范性方面conceiving of奥地利是一个自由主义”,或者“do not an homogeneous立场辩护。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该镇的土地面积为。他解释说，自愿行为的意外后果的存在妨碍了基于个人动机的伦理考虑对制度进行任何伦理分析。最后，伦理与解决这个问题无关。市场和伦理不能保持一种对立，它们之间的关系可以在它们相互作用的基础上理解，因为市场的工具性观点已经消失。
{"title":"On the Irrelevance of Ethics in Menger's and Hayek's Thoughts","authors":"Cubeddu Raimondo","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1179","url":null,"abstract":"Lanalyse economique des Autrichiens se fonde aujourdhui comme hier sur la notion de subjectivisme, dans les deux voies economique et methodologique heritees de Carl Menger. Aujourdhui le debat sest deplace vers lanalyse des rapports entre ethique et catallaxie, sujet dautant plus important pour juger des aspects normatifs de la position Autrichienne que les differents representants de lecole ny ont pas des positions homogenes. Lauteur se concentre sur les developpements de Carl Menger et Friedrich Hayek. Il se fonde sur lexistence de resultats involontaires connexes des actions individuelles volontaires, qui interdisent de statuer sur la justification ethique des institutions a partir du caractere ethique des motivations initiales des agents. In fine lethique nest pas pertinente pour traiter du probleme. Marche et ethique interagissent de facon indissoluble et ne se trouvent plus dans une opposition factice, des lors quavec les Autrichiens on delaisse la vision strictement instrumentaliste du marche.The analysis developed by the Austrian school is rooted in subjectivism as expressed by Carl Menger at the twin levels of economics and methodology. Nowadays the debate shifted towards the relationship between ethics and catallactics, a strategic issue conceiving of the normative aspects of classical liberalism where the Austrian themselves do not defend an homogeneous position. The author refers only to Carl Menger and Friedrich Hayek in the paper. He explains that the very existence of unintended consequences of voluntary actions does forbid any ethical analysis of the institutions on the basis of ethical considerations of individual motivations. In fine, ethics is irrelevant to address the question. Market and ethics cannot remain in a kind of opposition, and their relationship can be understood on the basis of their interaction instead, as soon as the instrumentalist vision of the market has been left away.","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"84 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79802872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unemployment in Europe and the United States","authors":"G. Becker","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"68 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1145-6396.1196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72435062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Il apparait quen France aujourdhui, le modele neoclassique de la concurrence inspire l essentiel de la reglementation de la concurrence. Or la theorie economique moderne, telle quelle est inspiree par Coase et Hayek notamment, tend a renverser les certitudes du modele neoclassique et a admettre que la discrimination commerciale peut avoir un effet benefique sur lefficacite economique. La distribution selective prend tout son sens dans un contexte dincertitude et d information imparfaite. Cest la confrontation de ces deux philosophies celle qui inspire le legislateur francais, le legislateur allemand ou la doctrine communautaire europeenne, et celle plus optimiste a legard des pratiques discriminatoires qui est operee dans cet article. Ainsi, la pratique des prix imposes, la franchise, la concession et la protection territoriale sont analysees dans le cadre de cette confrontation. De meme, une critique de la doctrine communautaire est exposee. Levolution du droit des contrats et du droit de la concurrence fait aussi lobjet dune analyse mettant face a face les deux doctrines. Cest bien la vision du marche en tant que processus qui est au centre de cette analyse.The neoclassical model of competition seems to sustain today in France the main regulations about competition. However, modern economic theory, as initiated by Coase and Hayek notably, calls into question the certainties brought about by the neoclassical model and acknowledges the beneficial effects of commercial efficiency. Contractual discrimination takes its meaning in an open-ended world. The contrast between these two views the one which inspires the French legislator, the German legislator, or the European Community doctrine, and the more optimistic one with respect to discriminatory practices is put forward in this paper. Thus, imposed prices, franchising, concession and territorial protection are pratices discussed within this contrast. Moreover, a critique of the European Community doctrine is developed. The evolution of contract law and antitrust law is also examined by contrasting the two views. It is indeed the thesis of the market as a process which is underlined in the present analysis.
在今天的法国，新古典主义的竞争模式似乎是竞争监管的基础。然而，特别是由科斯和哈耶克启发的现代经济理论倾向于推翻新古典主义模型的确定性，并承认贸易歧视可能对经济效率产生有益的影响。在不确定和信息不完全的情况下，选择性分布是有意义的。正是这两种哲学的对抗激发了法国立法者、德国立法者或欧洲共同体学说的灵感，而本文对歧视性做法比较乐观。因此，在这种比较的背景下分析了固定价格、特许经营、特许经营和领土保护的做法。同样，也提出了对共同体学说的批评。本文还对合同法和竞争法的发展进行了对比分析。这一分析的核心是市场作为一个过程的愿景。在法国，新古典主义的竞争模式似乎维持了主要的竞争规则。然而，值得注意的是，科斯和哈耶克提出的现代经济理论对新古典主义模型带来的确定性提出了质疑，并承认了商业效率的有益影响。在一个开放的世界里，合同歧视具有其意义。本文提出了这两种观点之间的对比，一种是启发法国立法者、德国立法者或欧洲共同体学说的观点，另一种是对歧视性做法较为乐观的观点。因此，本文讨论了强制定价、特许经营、特许经营和领土保护等做法。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。通过对比这两种观点，还考察了合同法和反垄断法的演变。It is indeed论文of the market as a process which is in the此证underlined analysis)。
{"title":"Contracts and Antitrust Law: a Critique of the Neoclassical View","authors":"Chamoux Jean-Pierre, Lepage Henri","doi":"10.2202/1145-6396.1181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1145-6396.1181","url":null,"abstract":"Il apparait quen France aujourdhui, le modele neoclassique de la concurrence inspire l essentiel de la reglementation de la concurrence. Or la theorie economique moderne, telle quelle est inspiree par Coase et Hayek notamment, tend a renverser les certitudes du modele neoclassique et a admettre que la discrimination commerciale peut avoir un effet benefique sur lefficacite economique. La distribution selective prend tout son sens dans un contexte dincertitude et d information imparfaite. Cest la confrontation de ces deux philosophies celle qui inspire le legislateur francais, le legislateur allemand ou la doctrine communautaire europeenne, et celle plus optimiste a legard des pratiques discriminatoires qui est operee dans cet article. Ainsi, la pratique des prix imposes, la franchise, la concession et la protection territoriale sont analysees dans le cadre de cette confrontation. De meme, une critique de la doctrine communautaire est exposee. Levolution du droit des contrats et du droit de la concurrence fait aussi lobjet dune analyse mettant face a face les deux doctrines. Cest bien la vision du marche en tant que processus qui est au centre de cette analyse.The neoclassical model of competition seems to sustain today in France the main regulations about competition. However, modern economic theory, as initiated by Coase and Hayek notably, calls into question the certainties brought about by the neoclassical model and acknowledges the beneficial effects of commercial efficiency. Contractual discrimination takes its meaning in an open-ended world. The contrast between these two views the one which inspires the French legislator, the German legislator, or the European Community doctrine, and the more optimistic one with respect to discriminatory practices is put forward in this paper. Thus, imposed prices, franchising, concession and territorial protection are pratices discussed within this contrast. Moreover, a critique of the European Community doctrine is developed. The evolution of contract law and antitrust law is also examined by contrasting the two views. It is indeed the thesis of the market as a process which is underlined in the present analysis.","PeriodicalId":53483,"journal":{"name":"Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87011774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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