Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.18
Lip prints from the crime scene and those collected from suspects may be useful in the determination or narrowing down of the investigation. The present study was undertaken to classify lip prints determine the most common pattern in four quadrants of lip in the study population and evaluate differences in lip prints between males and females thereby investigating their potential role in personal identification. The study was conducted on 200 subjects of which 100 were males and 100 were females. Lip prints were obtained using lipstick and adhesive tape. Our study showed a statistically significant relationship between Type I' lip print in the left lower quadrant and Type I' & Type II lip print in the right lower quadrant with the sex of the individual. Additional research on the lip print pattern is needed to expand the field of forensic anthropology and benefits law enforcement organizations. The variation of the lip print pattern in the four quadrants can aid in personal identification and sex differentiation among populations
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Quadrants-Wise Distribution of Lip Print Pattern in Both Genders","authors":"","doi":"10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Lip prints from the crime scene and those collected from suspects may be useful in the determination or narrowing down of the investigation. The present study was undertaken to classify lip prints determine the most common pattern in four quadrants of lip in the study population and evaluate differences in lip prints between males and females thereby investigating their potential role in personal identification. The study was conducted on 200 subjects of which 100 were males and 100 were females. Lip prints were obtained using lipstick and adhesive tape. Our study showed a statistically significant relationship between Type I' lip print in the left lower quadrant and Type I' & Type II lip print in the right lower quadrant with the sex of the individual. Additional research on the lip print pattern is needed to expand the field of forensic anthropology and benefits law enforcement organizations. The variation of the lip print pattern in the four quadrants can aid in personal identification and sex differentiation among populations","PeriodicalId":53547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70563376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.20
K. Subathra, M. R. Gokula Pandiasankar, D. Kavitha, R. Shobana
Cardiovascular diseases are the foremost cause of sudden death in adults. The primary objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of various cardiac and coronary artery diseases in sudden unexpected death cases in rural setup. Estimation of age and sex-wise frequency of coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD), and grading of CAD by applying the Modified American Heart Association (AHA) classification are secondary objectives. In this three years prospective cross-sectional study, heart specimens were studied from 136 persons whose death was sudden and unexpected. Gross dissection and histopathological examination of coronary arteries and heart were done. Diagnoses were based on both gross and microscopic findings. CAD with or without other diseases was the most frequent pathology (n-100, 73.5%). Left ventricular hypertrophy in 45 cases (33.09%), myocardial infarction in 30 cases (22.06%), valvular abnormalities in three cases (2.2%), infective endocarditis in two cases (1.47%), aortic dissection in one case (0.74%), right ventricular hypertrophy in one case (0.74%) and cardiac myocyte atrophy in one case (0.74%) were observed. Male-female ratio of CAD was 8.09:1. Advanced CADs (type IV, V, VI) were found in 94 (94%) cases. In males, the maximum number of advanced CAD was observed in the fifth decade (n- 27, 31.76%) and in females in the seventh decade (n- 4, 44.44%). This study reveals the increasing trend of CAD in rural populations. This study adds rare entities like young-age aortic dissection and cardiac myocyte atrophy to the existing literature and emphasises the importance of autopsy in sudden death cases.
{"title":"Morphological Array of Cardiac and Coronary Artery Diseases in Cases of Sudden Death: An Autopsy-Based Histopathological Study in Rural Setup","authors":"K. Subathra, M. R. Gokula Pandiasankar, D. Kavitha, R. Shobana","doi":"10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases are the foremost cause of sudden death in adults. The primary objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of various cardiac and coronary artery diseases in sudden unexpected death cases in rural setup. Estimation of age and sex-wise frequency of coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD), and grading of CAD by applying the Modified American Heart Association (AHA) classification are secondary objectives. In this three years prospective cross-sectional study, heart specimens were studied from 136 persons whose death was sudden and unexpected. Gross dissection and histopathological examination of coronary arteries and heart were done. Diagnoses were based on both gross and microscopic findings. CAD with or without other diseases was the most frequent pathology (n-100, 73.5%). Left ventricular hypertrophy in 45 cases (33.09%), myocardial infarction in 30 cases (22.06%), valvular abnormalities in three cases (2.2%), infective endocarditis in two cases (1.47%), aortic dissection in one case (0.74%), right ventricular hypertrophy in one case (0.74%) and cardiac myocyte atrophy in one case (0.74%) were observed. Male-female ratio of CAD was 8.09:1. Advanced CADs (type IV, V, VI) were found in 94 (94%) cases. In males, the maximum number of advanced CAD was observed in the fifth decade (n- 27, 31.76%) and in females in the seventh decade (n- 4, 44.44%). This study reveals the increasing trend of CAD in rural populations. This study adds rare entities like young-age aortic dissection and cardiac myocyte atrophy to the existing literature and emphasises the importance of autopsy in sudden death cases.","PeriodicalId":53547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70563706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.3
S. Sharma, V. Arora, T. Saini, V. Parmar, D. Kumar
Acute poisoning is an important medical emergency and one of the commonest causes of unnatural deaths. Poisoning occurs when any substance interferes with normal body functions after it is swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed. Toxicology is the science which deals with the properties, actions, toxicity, fatal dose, detection, estimation, treatment and autopsy findings of poisons, drugs and various chemical substances. An autopsy based retrospective study was conducted from January 2009 to December 2018 at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra at Tanda, Himachal Pradesh. All cases of deaths due to alleged poisoning brought for medico-legal autopsy were studied. The data obtained was computed and descriptive analysis of baseline characteristics was analysed and summarized. In our study, 24.48% of the total cases autopsied were of deaths occurring due to poisoning. The maximum number of cases 362 (53%) were of males followed by 321(46.99%) cases of females. Aluminium Phosphide was found to be the most commonly used poison. Peak incidence was observed in the age group 41-50 years (72.34%) in males and 21-30 years (54.27%) in females. Based on these findings preventive measures like restriction of sale and strengthening the legislature on the availability of poison, promoting poison treatment and detection centres etc. should be the main aim at this time.
{"title":"A Ten Year Retrospective Study of Poisoning Deaths in a Tertiary Care Hospital Situated in Rural Area of Himachal Pradesh","authors":"S. Sharma, V. Arora, T. Saini, V. Parmar, D. Kumar","doi":"10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Acute poisoning is an important medical emergency and one of the commonest causes of unnatural deaths. Poisoning occurs when any substance interferes with normal body functions after it is swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed. Toxicology is the science which deals with the properties, actions, toxicity, fatal dose, detection, estimation, treatment and autopsy findings of poisons, drugs and various chemical substances. An autopsy based retrospective study was conducted from January 2009 to December 2018 at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra at Tanda, Himachal Pradesh. All cases of deaths due to alleged poisoning brought for medico-legal autopsy were studied. The data obtained was computed and descriptive analysis of baseline characteristics was analysed and summarized. In our study, 24.48% of the total cases autopsied were of deaths occurring due to poisoning. The maximum number of cases 362 (53%) were of males followed by 321(46.99%) cases of females. Aluminium Phosphide was found to be the most commonly used poison. Peak incidence was observed in the age group 41-50 years (72.34%) in males and 21-30 years (54.27%) in females. Based on these findings preventive measures like restriction of sale and strengthening the legislature on the availability of poison, promoting poison treatment and detection centres etc. should be the main aim at this time.","PeriodicalId":53547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70563876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.21
K. Dhivagar, R. S. Honnungar, N. Patil, A. M. Varman
In the near past, doctors are considered God by the patients but, in this era, doctors are threatened by patients by increasing trends of complaints & litigations against doctors. The doctors should have knowledge and awareness in handling medicolegal cases to minimize faults & litigations. Hence it is necessary to evaluate knowledge and awareness in handling medicolegal cases among budding doctors. The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge and awareness in handling Medicolegal cases among the Interns. Methods: This was a questionnaire based study carried out at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Kaher. A predesigned self-structured multiple-choice questionnaire containing 21 questions was framed based on knowledge and awareness and was prepared in Google forms and sent to 116 Interns who were posted in various departments after obtaining informed consent. The results obtained in the study showed that the interns had enough knowledge about consent, inquest, and MCCD and also had enough awareness of the Consumer protection act, 2019 and issuing injury certificates but the interns lagged some knowledge in certain IPC sections, lagged awareness in maintaining MLC records and also lagged confidence in handling the medicolegal cases independently. Overall knowledge of medicolegal cases among our interns is better compared to peers but needs to be enhanced to promote knowledge and to avoid medical negligence in their future practice.
{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness in Handling theMedicolegal Cases among the Interns in a Tertiary Care Hospital - A Questionnaire based study","authors":"K. Dhivagar, R. S. Honnungar, N. Patil, A. M. Varman","doi":"10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"In the near past, doctors are considered God by the patients but, in this era, doctors are threatened by patients by increasing trends of complaints & litigations against doctors. The doctors should have knowledge and awareness in handling medicolegal cases to minimize faults & litigations. Hence it is necessary to evaluate knowledge and awareness in handling medicolegal cases among budding doctors. The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge and awareness in handling Medicolegal cases among the Interns. Methods: This was a questionnaire based study carried out at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Kaher. A predesigned self-structured multiple-choice questionnaire containing 21 questions was framed based on knowledge and awareness and was prepared in Google forms and sent to 116 Interns who were posted in various departments after obtaining informed consent. The results obtained in the study showed that the interns had enough knowledge about consent, inquest, and MCCD and also had enough awareness of the Consumer protection act, 2019 and issuing injury certificates but the interns lagged some knowledge in certain IPC sections, lagged awareness in maintaining MLC records and also lagged confidence in handling the medicolegal cases independently. Overall knowledge of medicolegal cases among our interns is better compared to peers but needs to be enhanced to promote knowledge and to avoid medical negligence in their future practice.","PeriodicalId":53547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70563982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.5
T. Bhutada, A. Ray, B. K. Behera, B. Dash, S. Otta
Effect of drugs often interplays with the diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting to Emergency and critical care services of the hospital. Urine drug screen (UDS) is a qualitative toxicological screening tool which is simple, fast and has a relatively low cost providing a clue in acute care settings. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of drugs of abuse determined by UDS in suspected patients in a hospital set up and compare it to national prevalence study. It is a retrospective study conducted in the Toxicology lab in KIMS Medical College and Hospital, in Odisha over a period of 30 months where urine samples received from the hospital were included. Commonly abused substances were detected by urine drug screen by the help of a commercially available lateral flow assay kit. We received 232 samples in this study period of which 108 (46.5%) tested positive by urine drug screen.The highest positivity among the samples was noted in the age group of 21-30 (33.3%) closely followed by 11-20 (30.6%) with a male preponderance.(32.3%) cases where single drug was found in urine drug screen while 33 (14.2%) of cases had multiple drugs detected in the UDS. Most common substance of abuse was benzodiazepines in 43.2% cases. THC (29.05%) and OPI (14.2%) were the other commonly abused drugs. In poly drug abusers, commonest drug combination consisted of OPI and THC with or without BZO in 36.36 % (12 /33) cases. Thus, in spite of having many limitation of urine drug screen will help in the acute patient care set up particularly for diagnosis of poly drug abuse.
{"title":"Analysis of Hospital Based Urine Drug Screening Tests over 2 Years. Does it Mirror the Actual Prevalence of Drug Abuse!","authors":"T. Bhutada, A. Ray, B. K. Behera, B. Dash, S. Otta","doi":"10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of drugs often interplays with the diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting to Emergency and critical care services of the hospital. Urine drug screen (UDS) is a qualitative toxicological screening tool which is simple, fast and has a relatively low cost providing a clue in acute care settings. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of drugs of abuse determined by UDS in suspected patients in a hospital set up and compare it to national prevalence study. It is a retrospective study conducted in the Toxicology lab in KIMS Medical College and Hospital, in Odisha over a period of 30 months where urine samples received from the hospital were included. Commonly abused substances were detected by urine drug screen by the help of a commercially available lateral flow assay kit. We received 232 samples in this study period of which 108 (46.5%) tested positive by urine drug screen.The highest positivity among the samples was noted in the age group of 21-30 (33.3%) closely followed by 11-20 (30.6%) with a male preponderance.(32.3%) cases where single drug was found in urine drug screen while 33 (14.2%) of cases had multiple drugs detected in the UDS. Most common substance of abuse was benzodiazepines in 43.2% cases. THC (29.05%) and OPI (14.2%) were the other commonly abused drugs. In poly drug abusers, commonest drug combination consisted of OPI and THC with or without BZO in 36.36 % (12 /33) cases. Thus, in spite of having many limitation of urine drug screen will help in the acute patient care set up particularly for diagnosis of poly drug abuse.","PeriodicalId":53547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70564138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.4
A. Solanki, S. Dutta, S. Goel, Pankaj Sharma
As death is final outcome of life, it is inevitable in prisoners too. Pattern of deaths can reveal living conditions and practices in a population. This study was conducted to observe the pattern of natural deaths among prisoners autopsied at a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur during April 2017 to March 2018. During this period 16 cases of alleged natural deaths in custody were autopsied comprising of 15 males and 1 female. The natural deaths were almost evenly distributed in all age groups. Carcinoma was leading cause of death in (37.5%) cases, followed by cardio-vascular causes in (25%) cases, intracranial hemorrhage in (12.5%) cases, septicaemia in (12.5%) cases, tuberculosis associated with HIV in (6.25%) case and Pneumonia associated with Parkinsonism in (6.25%) cases. All (100%) of the natural deaths received medical attention prior to death and died in hospital. Injuries were present in 5 cases (31.25%) but were not attributed to causing deaths.
{"title":"Study of Natural Deaths in Custody at Tertiary Care Hospital in Rajasthan","authors":"A. Solanki, S. Dutta, S. Goel, Pankaj Sharma","doi":"10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"As death is final outcome of life, it is inevitable in prisoners too. Pattern of deaths can reveal living conditions and practices in a population. This study was conducted to observe the pattern of natural deaths among prisoners autopsied at a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur during April 2017 to March 2018. During this period 16 cases of alleged natural deaths in custody were autopsied comprising of 15 males and 1 female. The natural deaths were almost evenly distributed in all age groups. Carcinoma was leading cause of death in (37.5%) cases, followed by cardio-vascular causes in (25%) cases, intracranial hemorrhage in (12.5%) cases, septicaemia in (12.5%) cases, tuberculosis associated with HIV in (6.25%) case and Pneumonia associated with Parkinsonism in (6.25%) cases. All (100%) of the natural deaths received medical attention prior to death and died in hospital. Injuries were present in 5 cases (31.25%) but were not attributed to causing deaths.","PeriodicalId":53547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70565330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.5
K. Chaudhari, N. R. Pithadiya, J. Rathod, O. G. Singh
Twenty cases of custodial deaths were examined retrospectively in the present study. Out of these twenty cases, there were nineteen cases of males and one case of females. The majority of the cases occurred in the age group of 31-40 years, followed by the 21-30 years age group. There were 14 cases of natural death in whom the presence of pre-existing diseases was found and 6 cases were of unnatural deaths. In this study out of 14 natural deaths, 10 cases were of Ischemic heart disease/myocardial infarction with 2 cases of renal failure and 1 case each of pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic hepatitis. There were 6 cases of unnatural deaths; there were 3 cases of suicidal hanging, 2 cases were of multiple body injuries caused by blunt force, and 1 case of accidental choking due to the aspiration of food material.
{"title":"Custodial Deaths in Jamnagar Region of Gujarat: A 5-Years Retrospective Study Report","authors":"K. Chaudhari, N. R. Pithadiya, J. Rathod, O. G. Singh","doi":"10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty cases of custodial deaths were examined retrospectively in the present study. Out of these twenty cases, there were nineteen cases of males and one case of females. The majority of the cases occurred in the age group of 31-40 years, followed by the 21-30 years age group. There were 14 cases of natural death in whom the presence of pre-existing diseases was found and 6 cases were of unnatural deaths. In this study out of 14 natural deaths, 10 cases were of Ischemic heart disease/myocardial infarction with 2 cases of renal failure and 1 case each of pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic hepatitis. There were 6 cases of unnatural deaths; there were 3 cases of suicidal hanging, 2 cases were of multiple body injuries caused by blunt force, and 1 case of accidental choking due to the aspiration of food material.","PeriodicalId":53547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70565341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.6
G. Sreedevi, Z. Thomas, S. R. Saritha
Suicide is one of the leading as well as preventable cause of premature death not only in our country but worldwide. There has been an increase in the suicidal rates globally over the years. Suicide has many perspectives like religious, philosophical, anthropological, sociological, ethical, psychological, and psychiatric or biological. The objectives of the present study were to describe the risk factors and different methods adopted for suicide in a district of southern state of India. Adescriptive study was conducted on 175 dead bodies brought for medicolegal autopsy in the tertiary care centre, Alappuzha with history and post-mortem findings consistent with suicide. All the cases turned out to be homicide and accidents after investigation were excluded from the study. Information about the deceased were collected from close relatives and investigating officers. Maximum suicide victims were seen in age group 40 to 60 years where male outnumbered females. Most of the victims preferred their home to commit suicide. Hanging was the most common method adopted followed by poisoning, burns and drowning. In the study population, physical illness seen as the most common reason for suicide followed by family problems. Burns were chosen as a preferred method by females than males. This study supports in finding out the stressors that could have led them to commit suicide and to suggest few strategies to prevent the suicides in the future.
{"title":"Profile of Suicidal Deaths - An Autopsy based Study","authors":"G. Sreedevi, Z. Thomas, S. R. Saritha","doi":"10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Suicide is one of the leading as well as preventable cause of premature death not only in our country but worldwide. There has been an increase in the suicidal rates globally over the years. Suicide has many perspectives like religious, philosophical, anthropological, sociological, ethical, psychological, and psychiatric or biological. The objectives of the present study were to describe the risk factors and different methods adopted for suicide in a district of southern state of India. Adescriptive study was conducted on 175 dead bodies brought for medicolegal autopsy in the tertiary care centre, Alappuzha with history and post-mortem findings consistent with suicide. All the cases turned out to be homicide and accidents after investigation were excluded from the study. Information about the deceased were collected from close relatives and investigating officers. Maximum suicide victims were seen in age group 40 to 60 years where male outnumbered females. Most of the victims preferred their home to commit suicide. Hanging was the most common method adopted followed by poisoning, burns and drowning. In the study population, physical illness seen as the most common reason for suicide followed by family problems. Burns were chosen as a preferred method by females than males. This study supports in finding out the stressors that could have led them to commit suicide and to suggest few strategies to prevent the suicides in the future.","PeriodicalId":53547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70565376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.9
B. Manoranjan, S. P. Somashekhar, S. H. Ravindra, V. K. Vishal, S. J. Prasanna, R. Pratima, K. Dhivagar
Road traffic accident ranks among the top causes of death in the world; after ischemic heart disease, it is projected to become the second leading cause in 2020. A report states that 1.24 million people die every year worldwide on the roads. RTA is a public health issue that greatly affects individuals, families, communities, and nations. The cost of burden is estimated to be around 1–2% of a country’s GNPin low-income countries. To know the pattern of fatal injuries in RTA cases. To correlate the survival period and cause of death in fatal road traffic accidents. Data from medico-legal autopsies of all RTA victims from 2018 to 2020 (n= 210) were collected in this retrospective study. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, V.22. The majority of the study population, 24.2% (51 out of 210), belonged to the 1-30 age group. Male predominance was noted in the study with 84.2% (177 out of 210). The type of accident was self-fall in high proportion 26.6% (56 out of 210) followed by a collision between 2-wheelers and 4-wheelers 24.2% (51 out of 210). Intracranial haemorrhage was reported in 140 (66.6%) study participants as the leading cause of death followed by hemorrhagic shock other than head and neck injury reported in 42 (19.9%) cases. A short revival period of fewer than 24 hours was noticed in intra-cranial haemorrhage (81 out of 140) followed by hemorrhagic shock other than head and neck injury (39 cases). Skull fractures are higher in 2-wheelers compared to other types of vehicles and pedestrians. (103 out of 140). The majority of fatal accidents occurred in two-wheelers. Hence, health education and awareness should be created among two-wheeler riders, especially drivers & pillion to wear helmets and follow safety measures while riding.
{"title":"A Study of Injury Pattern and Mode of Accident of Fatal Injuries in RTA Cases Admitted in a Tertiary Care Centre -3 Year Retrospective Study","authors":"B. Manoranjan, S. P. Somashekhar, S. H. Ravindra, V. K. Vishal, S. J. Prasanna, R. Pratima, K. Dhivagar","doi":"10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Road traffic accident ranks among the top causes of death in the world; after ischemic heart disease, it is projected to become the second leading cause in 2020. A report states that 1.24 million people die every year worldwide on the roads. RTA is a public health issue that greatly affects individuals, families, communities, and nations. The cost of burden is estimated to be around 1–2% of a country’s GNPin low-income countries. To know the pattern of fatal injuries in RTA cases. To correlate the survival period and cause of death in fatal road traffic accidents. Data from medico-legal autopsies of all RTA victims from 2018 to 2020 (n= 210) were collected in this retrospective study. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, V.22. The majority of the study population, 24.2% (51 out of 210), belonged to the 1-30 age group. Male predominance was noted in the study with 84.2% (177 out of 210). The type of accident was self-fall in high proportion 26.6% (56 out of 210) followed by a collision between 2-wheelers and 4-wheelers 24.2% (51 out of 210). Intracranial haemorrhage was reported in 140 (66.6%) study participants as the leading cause of death followed by hemorrhagic shock other than head and neck injury reported in 42 (19.9%) cases. A short revival period of fewer than 24 hours was noticed in intra-cranial haemorrhage (81 out of 140) followed by hemorrhagic shock other than head and neck injury (39 cases). Skull fractures are higher in 2-wheelers compared to other types of vehicles and pedestrians. (103 out of 140). The majority of fatal accidents occurred in two-wheelers. Hence, health education and awareness should be created among two-wheeler riders, especially drivers & pillion to wear helmets and follow safety measures while riding.","PeriodicalId":53547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70565394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.17
Wanio Sungoh JDO, K. P. Singh, T. M. Devi
The ABO blood group system is the significant element for forensic serological examination of blood and body fluids. ABO blood groups are the primary, most common, conspicuous, and easily detectable groups. These blood group specific antigens are abundantly present in many other bodily secretions such as sweat, semen and even saliva. Many studies have detected the presence of ABO blood groups in saliva by using both the absorption inhibition and absorption elution methods. This study of blood group ABO antigens in saliva was carried out using both the techniques in a tertiary care centre in Imphal, Manipur. Using absorption elution method, out of the 90 secretors subjects, positive results were obtained in 82 (91.1%) subjects and using absorption inhibition method, positive results were detected in 71 (78.9%) subjects. On statistical analysis, the mean age in completed years of the participants is calculated as 22.12 years with a standard deviation of 3.04 years. Further, comparative analysis showed that the positive rate of absorption elution is more than that of absorption inhibition. Therefore, absorption elution method remains an important tool for determination of blood group of an individual from saliva and it is an aid in forensic identification and in solving medico-legal cases.
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