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Reconstructions of Length of Radius From its Fragments- A Pilot Study in Eastern Indian Population 从碎片重建半径长度——在东印度人口中的初步研究
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.14
A. Das, P. Hembram, Kakoli Roy, Subhabrata Mukherjee, R. Bhandari, S. Kundu
In a demographically diverse, vast and densely populated country like India, the establishment of identity of a deceased assumes great medico-legal importance. It also poses a true challenge to the forensic scientist working in an environment where decomposition and taphonomic process are rapid. Structurally bones resist common degradation and putrefactive changes and remain longer as material for evidential value. Human skeletal remains are found under suspicious circumstances and doctors examining them need to give an opinion in the court of law. Forensic experts are often consulted regarding identification of skeletal remains. One of the important data for identification is the stature. The estimation of skeletal samples, for age, sex and stature are vital when found from sites in mixed lot. For this purpose, a technique will be highly appreciated for reconstruction of total length of long bones from their fragments. This current pilot investigation was designed to estimate the total length of radius using its fragmentary bone length in a population specific study thus in turn to employ them in stature formulae for population specific cases to estimate the final stature of the individual. After getting institutional ethical committee clearance, the study over 57 radii revealed linear equation where total length of radius was used as dependent variable and the different fragmentary length being the independent variables.
在印度这样一个人口多样化、幅员辽阔、人口稠密的国家,确定死者的身份具有重大的医学法律意义。这也给法医科学家提出了一个真正的挑战,在分解和埋藏过程迅速的环境中工作。从结构上看,骨骼可以抵抗常见的退化和腐烂变化,并且作为证据价值的材料可以保留更长时间。人类骨骼残骸是在可疑的情况下发现的,检查它们的医生需要在法庭上发表意见。关于骨骼遗骸的鉴定,经常咨询法医专家。其中一个重要的识别数据是身高。骨骼样本的年龄,性别和身材的估计是至关重要的,当发现在混合地段。为此目的,一种技术将被高度赞赏,从他们的碎片重建长骨的总长度。目前的试点调查旨在在特定人群研究中使用其碎片骨长度估计桡骨的总长度,从而将其用于特定人群病例的身高公式中,以估计个体的最终身高。在获得机构伦理委员会的批准后,对57个半径的研究揭示了以半径总长为因变量,不同碎片长度为自变量的线性方程。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of Gender by Palatal Rugae Print 腭纹纹法测定性别
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.1
Shahina K, D. R. Kumar, V. B. Jatti, A. Patil
Identification of a person “living or dead” is an important task in forensic medicine and it can be partial or complete. There are several situations where establishment of complete identification is not possible such as in plane crashes, railway accidents, building collapses, burnt or mutilated bodies etc. In such situations partial identification is required where certain major criteria's are taken into consideration such as age, gender, race and stature of a person. Determination of gender of a person forms one of the important criteria of partial identification of a person. Gender determination can be estimated by several methods such as dental data, karyotyping and skeleton remains. Adding to this we have conducted a study on palatal rugae to look for any sexual dimorphism, which have been observed in several studies conducted in past. To determine the gender of a person from palatal rugae print, this study was carried out in SSIMS & RC, Davangere, Karnataka. The maxillary casts of 250 subjects (125 males and 125 females) within age range of 12-25 years were taken into consideration and were analyzed by using SPSS student unpaired 'T' test. Several parameters were taken into consideration among which few had shown statistically significant variation in both sexes. The result of this study indicates that there is gender differentiation in palatal rugae print, so this can be efficiently used for determination of gender of a person.
人的生死鉴定是法医学的一项重要工作,可以是部分鉴定,也可以是全部鉴定。在一些情况下,不可能建立完整的身份,例如飞机失事、铁路事故、建筑物倒塌、烧伤或残缺的尸体等。在这种情况下,如果考虑到某些主要标准,如人的年龄、性别、种族和身材,则需要部分识别。一个人的性别的确定是对一个人进行部分鉴定的重要标准之一。性别确定可以通过几种方法来估计,如牙科数据,核型和骨骼遗骸。除此之外,我们还进行了一项关于腭纹的研究,以寻找在过去进行的几项研究中观察到的任何性别二态性。为了从腭纹印中确定一个人的性别,本研究在卡纳塔克邦达文杰尔的SSIMS & RC进行。选取年龄在12-25岁的250名被试(男125名,女125名)上颌铸型,采用SPSS学生非配对T检验进行分析。考虑了几个参数,其中很少有在两性中显示出统计上显著的差异。本研究结果表明,腭纹印存在性别分化,可以有效地用于人的性别判断。
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引用次数: 0
Medicolegal Evaluation of Fatal Firearm injury Cases in Ethiopia: An Autopsy Study 埃塞俄比亚致命火器伤害案例的法医评估:一项尸检研究
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.1.6
J. Kiran, H. Fereed, S. K. Jadhav
Gunshot wounds are commonly encountered in forensic practice. The courts quite often specifically need to know which firearm injury is entry and which is exit. Although the examination of a recent gunshot wound is often straightforward, the appearance of the firearm wound may be affected by factors like multiple firearm injuries, putrefaction, charring. The forensic practitioner sometimes faces difficulty when the entry or exit wounds present atypically like the absence of secondary effects of discharge, as in decomposed bodies, which are supposed to determine or be specific to entry wound. Sometimes feature like abrasion collar is seen at the exit wound or is present in both entry and exit wounds as in cases of shored exit wound. This study focuses not only on the typical features which determine the entry wound but also on the few cases in which the presentation of entry and exit wounds are atypical. This study can be used in those cases of firearm injuries like multiple firearm injuries and decomposed cases.
在法医实践中经常遇到枪伤。法院通常特别需要知道哪种火器伤害是进入,哪种是离开。虽然对最近枪伤的检查通常是直截了当的,但枪伤的外观可能受到多重枪伤、腐烂、烧焦等因素的影响。法医从业者有时会遇到困难,当射入或射出的伤口呈现非典典性时,如在腐烂的尸体中,没有放电的二次效应,这应该决定或特定于射入伤口。有时在出口伤口可以看到像磨损环这样的特征,或者在射入和出口伤口都存在,如在岸边的出口伤口。本研究不仅集中在典型的特征,以确定进入伤口,但也在少数情况下,进入和出口伤口的表现是非典型的。本研究可用于多发、分解等火器伤案例。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of Stature from the Length of the Sternum in the Ethnic Meitei Population– A Study in Medicolegal Autopsies 用胸骨长度估算梅特族人的身高——法医解剖研究
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.10
L. Zohlupuii, T. M. Devi, A. Haricharan, P. H. Memchoubi
Identification is necessary for living persons, dead persons, decomposed bodies, and mutilated and burnt bodies. In some cases where long bones are not available; the fresh sternal length can be used for stature estimation. Forty male cases belonging to the ethnic Meitei population within the age group 14-70 years were studied. Linear regression analysis was applied for the different sternal lengths to derive regression equations for the estimation of the stature of the study population. The linear regression obtained for the length of the manubrium, length of the body, combined length of the manubrium and the body and the total sternal lengths were Y=5.7641X +138.53, 1 Y=2.277X +140.6, Y=2.3229X +128.81 and Y=2.4786X +116.05 respectively. The maximum correlation was observed for the total 2 3 4 sternal length (R=0.569) followed by manubrium (R=0.475), the combined length of manubrium and mesosternum (R=0.462) and mesosternum (0.374). The study showed that there was a moderate positive correlation between all the sternal measurements with the cadaveric length.
活着的人、死人、腐烂的尸体、残废烧焦的尸体,必须辨认身份。在一些没有长骨的地方;新鲜的胸骨长度可以用来估计身高。对40例年龄在14 ~ 70岁的男性梅特族患者进行了研究。对不同胸骨长度进行线性回归分析,推导出估计研究人群身高的回归方程。胸骨柄长度、胸骨体长度、胸骨柄与胸骨体结合长度、胸骨总长度的线性回归分别为Y=5.7641X +138.53、1 Y= 2.2777 x +140.6、Y=2.3229X +128.81、Y=2.4786X +116.05。胸骨总长度与胸骨的相关性最大(R=0.569),其次是柄骨(R=0.475)、柄骨-胸骨联合长度(R=0.462)和胸骨(0.374)。研究表明,所有胸骨测量值与尸体长度之间存在中度正相关。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on Awareness of POCSO Act & Sec 375 I.P.C Amongst the Medical Professionals at Puducherry – A Cross Sectional Study 普杜切里医疗专业人员对POCSO法案和第375条的认识研究-一项横断面研究
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.11
J. J. Rajesh, T. Vignesh, R. H. Kumar, K. Sevvanthi
Child sexual abuse, the most under reported crime, has gained public attention in the past years. The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act 2012 (POCSO) is a gender neutral friendly act to protect children from sexual related offences. Rape (Sec 375 IPC) law is amended with a sole agenda of safeguarding women and to ensure justice delivery with emphasis on physical and mental health care during judicial proceedings. The aim is to study the awareness of POCSO Act 2012 & Sec 375 IPC (Indian Penal Code) amongst the medical professionals in the state of Puducherry. It's a cross sectional study, conducted among the pre, para and clinical faculties & nurses. The total sample size was 305 and the sampling procedure used was convenience sampling. The study participants were consenting medical professionals. Out of nine questions on general information of child sexual abuse, only four questions were answered correctly by more than 50% of the participants. Out of thirteen questions asked on POCSO Act, only five questions were answered correctly by more than 50% of the participants. Out of eleven questions asked about the Sec 375 IPC (Rape), only one question was answered correctly by more than 50% of the participants. On analysing the outcome of the study, it is very much evident that medical professionals are not up to date regarding the recent amendments in the law related to medical field. It is mandatory to create awareness of POCSO act & Rape laws in the society. This lack of knowledge, may subject many children & women to repeated victimization.
儿童性虐待是报道最少的犯罪,在过去几年里引起了公众的关注。《2012年保护儿童免受性犯罪法案》(POCSO)是一项性别中立的友好法案,旨在保护儿童免受与性有关的犯罪。对强奸法(IPC第375条)进行了修订,其唯一议程是保护妇女和确保司法公正,重点是司法程序中的身心保健。目的是研究普杜切里邦医疗专业人员对《2012年POCSO法》和《印度刑法典》第375条的认识。这是一项横断面研究,在pre, para和临床院系和护士中进行。总样本量为305例,采用方便抽样方法。研究参与者都是同意的医学专业人士。在关于儿童性虐待一般信息的9个问题中,只有4个问题的答对率超过50%。在POCSO法案的13个问题中,只有5个问题的答对率超过50%。在关于Sec 375 IPC(强奸)的11个问题中,只有一个问题被超过50%的参与者正确回答。在分析这项研究的结果时,非常明显的是,医疗专业人员对最近与医疗领域有关的法律修正案并不了解。在社会上提高对POCSO法和强奸法的认识是强制性的。这种知识的缺乏,可能会使许多儿童和妇女反复受害。
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引用次数: 0
Pattern of Illness in Prisoners Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital of South Eastern Rajasthan 拉贾斯坦邦东南部三级医院收治囚犯的疾病模式
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.1
B. S. Shekhawat, R. Swami, V. Meena
The delivery of health care among prisoners is one of the most important aspects of improving human rights compliance. Estimating common healthcare problems in prisoners will be helpful in assessing their health status and recommending the rectifying steps. Therefore, knowing the types of morbidities will help us in making health policies which will be helpful in reducing the health burden in prisoners and will also help in reintegration of prisoners into mainstream society. The present study is a retrospective analysis to find out the common medical conditions in prisoners. The study was carried out by collecting data of 500 admitted prisoner in a tertiary care institute in south-east Rajasthan. The majority (95.2%) of referred prisoners were male, from age group of 30-39 years, mean age of prisoners being 39.6 years and the majority (90%) were referred from Central Jail, Kota. The majority (53.2%) of prisoners were admitted to medicine department followed by psychiatry department (26.4%). A higher prevalence of anemia and pulmonary tuberculosis was reported among prisoners. Surgical illness related to infectious etiology and poor personal hygiene was common in prisoners. Psychosis not specified (17%), schizophrenia (8%), mixed anxiety depressive disorder (8%) and substance use disorders (16%) were common psychiatric conditions. Mean duration of hospitalization was 9 days.
向囚犯提供医疗保健是改善人权遵守情况的最重要方面之一。估计囚犯中常见的保健问题将有助于评估他们的健康状况并建议纠正步骤。因此,了解疾病的类型将有助于我们制定卫生政策,这将有助于减轻囚犯的健康负担,也将有助于囚犯重新融入主流社会。本研究是回顾性分析,找出常见的医疗状况的囚犯。这项研究是通过收集拉贾斯坦邦东南部一家三级医疗机构的500名囚犯的数据进行的。大多数(95.2%)转介囚犯是男性,年龄在30-39岁之间,囚犯的平均年龄为39.6岁,大多数(90%)转介自哥打中央监狱。以内科(53.2%)居多,其次是精神科(26.4%)。据报告,囚犯中贫血和肺结核的发病率较高。与感染性病因和个人卫生不良有关的外科疾病在囚犯中很常见。未明确的精神病(17%)、精神分裂症(8%)、混合性焦虑抑郁障碍(8%)和物质使用障碍(16%)是常见的精神疾病。平均住院时间为9天。
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引用次数: 0
India’s Latest NHRC Advisory on the Problem of Floating Corpses in the River Ganges: Forensic Dental Recommendations 印度国家人权委员会关于恒河漂浮尸体问题的最新咨询:法医牙科建议
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.48165/jiafm.2023.45.2.24
R. A. Gawali, N. K. Sharma, C. P. Bhargav
In May 2021, thousands of human dead bodies were seen floating in the down-streams of the river Ganges. This incident highlights a few glaring issues, such as the inhumane treatment of human corpses, the potential escalation of the bio-hazardous situation, and most importantly the possibility of foul play and involvement of crime. As a response to this incident, the National Human Rights Commission issued a detailed advisory regarding the dignified management of the dead to all the states and union territories of India. In India to date, the identity of the dead is never associated with their dignity. The article introduces the 'right to identity' after death as an important interpretation and natural extension of the right to live with dignity. It is not only essential to identify a dead from a humanitarian perspective, but also from a forensic aspect to rule out any crime or wrongdoing. This article gives fundamental administrative recommendations in regards to how forensic odontology can solve the problem of unidentified dead bodies in India while maintaining their dignity.
2021年5月,人们看到数千具人类尸体漂浮在恒河下游。这一事件突出了几个突出的问题,例如对人类尸体的非人道待遇,生物危险局势的潜在升级,最重要的是谋杀和参与犯罪的可能性。作为对这一事件的反应,国家人权委员会向印度所有邦和联邦领土发布了一份关于有尊严地管理死者的详细咨询。迄今为止,在印度,死者的身份从未与他们的尊严联系在一起。该条介绍了死后的"身份权",作为有尊严地生活的权利的重要解释和自然延伸。不仅从人道主义的角度辨认死者的身份是必要的,而且从法医的角度排除任何犯罪或不法行为也是必要的。这篇文章给出了基本的行政建议,关于法医牙医学如何解决印度身份不明的尸体问题,同时保持他们的尊严。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Autopsy (Virtopsy) in India: Steps taken and journey ahead 印度的数字解剖(虚拟解剖):已采取的步骤和未来的旅程
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5958/0974-0848.2022.00011.2
Adarsh Kumar
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引用次数: 1
Artificial Intelligence: Its role in autopsy practice 人工智能:它在尸检实践中的作用
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5958/0974-0848.2022.00012.4
A. Patowary
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence: Its role in autopsy practice","authors":"A. Patowary","doi":"10.5958/0974-0848.2022.00012.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-0848.2022.00012.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71144778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Estimation of stature using cephalic and facial measurements 用头部和面部测量来估计身高
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5958/0974-0848.2022.00031.8
Alexis Varghese, V. Vaswani, Venkat Shenoy, B. Babu, A. Ajid
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine
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