Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2342
Khairiah Abdul Hamid, Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff, Saemah Rahman, Syazarina Sharis Osman, Shahlan Surat, Maziah Ahmad Marzuki
INTRODUCTION: Different facets of divergent thinking (DT) are associated with connectivity between different cerebral areas. However, the causal interactions between the key DT nodes have yet to be explored. It is hypothesised that with creativity stimulation, changes in effective connectivity among regions will be observed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By using control (n=26) and experimental (n=24) participants, this study aimed to investigate the effective connectivity between brain areas associated with divergent thinking that accentuate fluency, flexibility, and originality. The experimental participants attended a two-day creativity stimulation, followed by three task-based fMRI sessions for all participants, which included basic use (BU) identification, alternative use (AU) generation and unusual use (UU) determination tasks. Dynamic causal modelling (DCM) was used to determine the most optimal causal model representing the most possible modulatory influence on the connections between medial prefrontal cortices (mPFC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL). RESULTS: The experimental participants scored higher fluency and flexibility than the controls (p<0.05). At neuronal level, the control group showed similar intrinsic connections receiving modulatory influence for AU and UU tasks, while the experimental group preferred a different perturbation of connection between both tasks. These intergroup differences may be caused by different thinking strategies involving semantic and episodic memory retrieval, and integration of remotely associated ideas to construct new combination among the experimental participants. CONCLUSION: Different DT demands may influence the effective connectivity between mPFC, IFG and IPL especially among individuals with higher DT abilities, especially in fluency and flexibility versus originality.
{"title":"Influence of Creativity Stimulation on Brain Connectivity during Divergent Thinking Tasks","authors":"Khairiah Abdul Hamid, Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff, Saemah Rahman, Syazarina Sharis Osman, Shahlan Surat, Maziah Ahmad Marzuki","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2342","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Different facets of divergent thinking (DT) are associated with connectivity between different cerebral areas. However, the causal interactions between the key DT nodes have yet to be explored. It is hypothesised that with creativity stimulation, changes in effective connectivity among regions will be observed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By using control (n=26) and experimental (n=24) participants, this study aimed to investigate the effective connectivity between brain areas associated with divergent thinking that accentuate fluency, flexibility, and originality. The experimental participants attended a two-day creativity stimulation, followed by three task-based fMRI sessions for all participants, which included basic use (BU) identification, alternative use (AU) generation and unusual use (UU) determination tasks. Dynamic causal modelling (DCM) was used to determine the most optimal causal model representing the most possible modulatory influence on the connections between medial prefrontal cortices (mPFC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and inferior parietal lobule (IPL). RESULTS: The experimental participants scored higher fluency and flexibility than the controls (p<0.05). At neuronal level, the control group showed similar intrinsic connections receiving modulatory influence for AU and UU tasks, while the experimental group preferred a different perturbation of connection between both tasks. These intergroup differences may be caused by different thinking strategies involving semantic and episodic memory retrieval, and integration of remotely associated ideas to construct new combination among the experimental participants. CONCLUSION: Different DT demands may influence the effective connectivity between mPFC, IFG and IPL especially among individuals with higher DT abilities, especially in fluency and flexibility versus originality.","PeriodicalId":53575,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2210
Nor Kamariah Mohamad Alwi, Zaharah Sulaiman, Tengku Alina Tengku Ismail
Human milk expression is commonly practiced among breastfeeding mothers. Their practices, experiences, and perceptions varies due to many underlying environments and issues. This review describes practices, experiences, and perceptions of mothers in expressing milk. Literature search was conducted for peer-reviewed articles on milk expression using Scopus, Krisalis Discovery, CINAHL, and PubMed from 2010 to 2020 for qualitative and mixed studies. This review and reporting was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Screening and selection of articles were conducted using Distiller Systematic Review (DSR). Twenty-two qualitative studies were identified focusing on the milk expression practices, experiences, and perceptions of mothers. Their practices indicated time, duration and method of milk expression. The experiences found were on the reasons, challenges, coping strategies and motivations. The perceptions on milk expression were found to influence the experience and practices of milk expression. Human milk expression practices, experiences and perceptions have been highlighted in many studies; however, there is no clear association between practices, experiences and perception.
{"title":"Human Milk Expression Practices, Experiences and Perceptions among Mothers: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Nor Kamariah Mohamad Alwi, Zaharah Sulaiman, Tengku Alina Tengku Ismail","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2210","url":null,"abstract":"Human milk expression is commonly practiced among breastfeeding mothers. Their practices, experiences, and perceptions varies due to many underlying environments and issues. This review describes practices, experiences, and perceptions of mothers in expressing milk. Literature search was conducted for peer-reviewed articles on milk expression using Scopus, Krisalis Discovery, CINAHL, and PubMed from 2010 to 2020 for qualitative and mixed studies. This review and reporting was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Screening and selection of articles were conducted using Distiller Systematic Review (DSR). Twenty-two qualitative studies were identified focusing on the milk expression practices, experiences, and perceptions of mothers. Their practices indicated time, duration and method of milk expression. The experiences found were on the reasons, challenges, coping strategies and motivations. The perceptions on milk expression were found to influence the experience and practices of milk expression. Human milk expression practices, experiences and perceptions have been highlighted in many studies; however, there is no clear association between practices, experiences and perception.","PeriodicalId":53575,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2068
Zalina Nusee, Ramli Musa, Hamizah Ismail, Nurjasmine Aida Jamani, Siti Roshaidai Mohd Arifin, Muhammad Aqlan Mohd Zaki, Karimah Hanim Abd Aziz, Nurul Mutmainnah Yusof
The practice of female circumcision (FC), particularly female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), has been controversial as it is regarded as physically and mentally harmful and violates human rights. The purpose of this study is to perform a scoping review aiming to evaluate and compare the effects of FC and FGM/C on the sexual function of the affected women, including the Google Scholar, EBSCO Discovery Service, PubMed, ProQuest Health & Medical Complete, and Wiley Online Library between the year 1999 to 2020. The following keywords were used: ‘Female Circumcision’, ‘Female Genital Mutilation, ‘Female Genital Cutting’, ‘Female Circumcision and Sexual Function’, and ‘Female Circumcision and Sexual Satisfaction. A total of 72 articles related to FC and sexual function or satisfaction were retrieved, and 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. Based on the analysis of the final 30 articles, most of the articles described the detrimental effects of FGM/C on sexual function and sexual satisfaction. However, future studiesMaround the less invasive types of FGM/C are required to better reflect on FGM/C on female health. FGM is detrimental to female sexual satisfaction. However, a different method of FC that is less invasive may provide different outcomes. Therefore, a comprehensive guideline on proper FC techniques is needed for education among medical practitioners to prevent any adverse effects on sexuality.
女性割礼(FC)的做法，特别是切割女性生殖器官(FGM/C)，一直是有争议的，因为它被认为是身体和精神上的伤害和侵犯人权。本研究的目的是进行一项范围审查，旨在评估和比较FC和FGM/C对受影响妇女性功能的影响，包括谷歌Scholar, EBSCO Discovery Service, PubMed, ProQuest Health &医学完整，和Wiley在线图书馆之间的1999年至2020年。使用了以下关键词:“女性割礼”、“女性生殖器切割”、“女性生殖器切割”、“女性割礼与性功能”和“女性割礼与性满足”。共检索到72篇与FC和性功能或性满意度相关的文献，其中30篇符合纳入标准。根据对最后30篇文章的分析，大多数文章描述了切割女性生殖器官对性功能和性满意度的有害影响。然而，未来的研究需要围绕侵入性较小的女性生殖器切割类型，以更好地反映女性生殖器切割对女性健康的影响。切割女性生殖器官不利于女性的性满足。然而，另一种侵入性较小的FC方法可能会提供不同的结果。因此，需要一个关于正确的FC技术的综合指导方针来教育医疗从业者，以防止对性产生任何不利影响。
{"title":"A Scoping Review of Female Genital Mutilation and its Effects on Sexual Function and Sexual Satisfaction","authors":"Zalina Nusee, Ramli Musa, Hamizah Ismail, Nurjasmine Aida Jamani, Siti Roshaidai Mohd Arifin, Muhammad Aqlan Mohd Zaki, Karimah Hanim Abd Aziz, Nurul Mutmainnah Yusof","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2068","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of female circumcision (FC), particularly female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), has been controversial as it is regarded as physically and mentally harmful and violates human rights. The purpose of this study is to perform a scoping review aiming to evaluate and compare the effects of FC and FGM/C on the sexual function of the affected women, including the Google Scholar, EBSCO Discovery Service, PubMed, ProQuest Health & Medical Complete, and Wiley Online Library between the year 1999 to 2020. The following keywords were used: ‘Female Circumcision’, ‘Female Genital Mutilation, ‘Female Genital Cutting’, ‘Female Circumcision and Sexual Function’, and ‘Female Circumcision and Sexual Satisfaction. A total of 72 articles related to FC and sexual function or satisfaction were retrieved, and 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. Based on the analysis of the final 30 articles, most of the articles described the detrimental effects of FGM/C on sexual function and sexual satisfaction. However, future studiesMaround the less invasive types of FGM/C are required to better reflect on FGM/C on female health. FGM is detrimental to female sexual satisfaction. However, a different method of FC that is less invasive may provide different outcomes. Therefore, a comprehensive guideline on proper FC techniques is needed for education among medical practitioners to prevent any adverse effects on sexuality.","PeriodicalId":53575,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2092
Nur Nadia Mohd Yusof, Noryani Mohd Samat, Azizol Mohd Judin
Vernix caseosa peritonitis (VCP) is a rare condition previously thought to be a complication of Caesarean section caused by the spillage of amniotic fluid and or meconium into the maternal peritoneal cavity during operation.1 This triggered an inflammatory reaction symptom such as an acute abdomen. A total of 34 cases has been reported since 1976.2 Nine of the 10 cases reported have been diagnosed in postpartum period after uneventful Caesarean section and only three reported cases of antenatal leakage since in 1998.3 VCP following vaginal delivery was first reported in 2013, involving a 28 year old with one previous scar who developed acute abdomen symptoms as early as 3 hours post vacuum delivery, with initial diagnosis of possible uterine scar rupture.4 Here we report a case of VCP in a post spontaneous vaginal delivery who presented with impending catastrophe and survived the ordeal.
{"title":"Post Vaginal Delivery with Impending Silent Abdominal Catastrophe: A Case of Vernix Caseosa Peritonitis","authors":"Nur Nadia Mohd Yusof, Noryani Mohd Samat, Azizol Mohd Judin","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2092","url":null,"abstract":"Vernix caseosa peritonitis (VCP) is a rare condition previously thought to be a complication of Caesarean section caused by the spillage of amniotic fluid and or meconium into the maternal peritoneal cavity during operation.1 This triggered an inflammatory reaction symptom such as an acute abdomen. A total of 34 cases has been reported since 1976.2 Nine of the 10 cases reported have been diagnosed in postpartum period after uneventful Caesarean section and only three reported cases of antenatal leakage since in 1998.3 VCP following vaginal delivery was first reported in 2013, involving a 28 year old with one previous scar who developed acute abdomen symptoms as early as 3 hours post vacuum delivery, with initial diagnosis of possible uterine scar rupture.4 Here we report a case of VCP in a post spontaneous vaginal delivery who presented with impending catastrophe and survived the ordeal.","PeriodicalId":53575,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2101
Miami Yousif, Ahmad A. Almuhyi, Haneen A. Albadwi, Rand A. Almuhyi
INTRODUCTION: The current COVID-19 pandemic has urged the scientific community globally to find answers in terms of therapeutics including vaccination to control the disease. Various COVID-19 vaccines have been distributed in many countries, including Iraq. Vaccination program will only be successful when there are high rates of acceptance and coverage. Thus, to accomplish this program, it is critical to understand the perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine and its acceptance. Therefore, our study was performed to investigate community perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccinations in Iraq. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Iraq from March 2021 to June 2021. We enrolled a total of 9,620 participants (3,160 men and 6,460 women). The participants responded to an online survey on COVID-19 vaccination which consisted of three sections of questionnaires. The first section (Section A) was on demographic characteristics of respondents including age, gender, occupation, level of education, and residency whereas the second section (Section B) was on the respondent’s perception toward COVID-19 vaccine, with nine inquiries about reasons for fearing COVID-19 vaccine. The final section (Section C) was questions on the type of vaccine they prefer to receive, once it is made available. RESULTS: Of the total respondents, 70.68% were not keen for a COVID-19 vaccination. Some of the respondents’ concerns were that the vaccines are not safe and may cause infection with COVID-19, infertility, congenital infection, and fetal anomalies. Majority of respondents who accepted to be vaccinated trusted the Pfizer vaccine followed by Sinopharm vaccine. CONCLUSION: Hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccination among participants were mainly due to lack of trust in the safety and efficacy of the vaccine and also feared of being infected and death. Thus, the healthcare providers and community leaders should come out with strategies to decrease the hesitancy and increase the acceptability of the vaccines.
{"title":"Perception Towards COVID-19 Vaccination-A Cross-Sectional Study in Iraq","authors":"Miami Yousif, Ahmad A. Almuhyi, Haneen A. Albadwi, Rand A. Almuhyi","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2101","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The current COVID-19 pandemic has urged the scientific community globally to find answers in terms of therapeutics including vaccination to control the disease. Various COVID-19 vaccines have been distributed in many countries, including Iraq. Vaccination program will only be successful when there are high rates of acceptance and coverage. Thus, to accomplish this program, it is critical to understand the perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine and its acceptance. Therefore, our study was performed to investigate community perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccinations in Iraq. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Iraq from March 2021 to June 2021. We enrolled a total of 9,620 participants (3,160 men and 6,460 women). The participants responded to an online survey on COVID-19 vaccination which consisted of three sections of questionnaires. The first section (Section A) was on demographic characteristics of respondents including age, gender, occupation, level of education, and residency whereas the second section (Section B) was on the respondent’s perception toward COVID-19 vaccine, with nine inquiries about reasons for fearing COVID-19 vaccine. The final section (Section C) was questions on the type of vaccine they prefer to receive, once it is made available. RESULTS: Of the total respondents, 70.68% were not keen for a COVID-19 vaccination. Some of the respondents’ concerns were that the vaccines are not safe and may cause infection with COVID-19, infertility, congenital infection, and fetal anomalies. Majority of respondents who accepted to be vaccinated trusted the Pfizer vaccine followed by Sinopharm vaccine. CONCLUSION: Hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccination among participants were mainly due to lack of trust in the safety and efficacy of the vaccine and also feared of being infected and death. Thus, the healthcare providers and community leaders should come out with strategies to decrease the hesitancy and increase the acceptability of the vaccines.","PeriodicalId":53575,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a chronic idiopathic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterised by intermittent episodes of severe nausea and vomiting with symptoms-free intervals in between. CVS is seen in various age groups with a prevalence of 1.9%. Numerous psychosocial, physical and infectious stressors have been attributed as a trigger of CVS. Often, a co-existing organic and psychiatric comorbidities mask the disorder, and an absence of diagnostic investigation causes a delay in diagnosis and makes it challenging to treat.
{"title":"A Multidimensional Strategy: Ways to Combat Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome with Hiatus Hernia and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in A Young Adult Female","authors":"Nazri Mustaffa, Siti Faezah Gullaam Rasul, Nani Draman, Nurjasmine Aida Jamani, Zainab Mat Yudin","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2155","url":null,"abstract":"Cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a chronic idiopathic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterised by intermittent episodes of severe nausea and vomiting with symptoms-free intervals in between. CVS is seen in various age groups with a prevalence of 1.9%. Numerous psychosocial, physical and infectious stressors have been attributed as a trigger of CVS. Often, a co-existing organic and psychiatric comorbidities mask the disorder, and an absence of diagnostic investigation causes a delay in diagnosis and makes it challenging to treat.","PeriodicalId":53575,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135406835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION: Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) bacteremia is one of the leading causes of hospital morbidity and mortality. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of K. pneumonia bacteremia in a Malaysian public hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study of adults with K. pneumonia bacteremia was conducted in a hospital in Johor, Malaysia. Demographics, medical comorbidities, source of infections and the mortality rate was reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 185 cases of K. pneumonia bacteremia were included for analysis. The mean age for this study was 54.9 (SD 15.4), with 56.8% males and 46.5% in-hospital mortality. Extended-spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing and Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumonia contributed to 37.3% and 1.1 % of K. pneumonia bacteremia, respectively. Among those who contracted K. pneumonia bacteremia, two most frequent sources were primary bloodstream infections (n=75, 40.5%), pneumonia (n=44, 23.8%) and urinary tract infections (n=28, 15.1%). There was statistically significant associations found between diabetes mellitus (AOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.08), cancer (AOR 2.02, 95% CI 1.33-3.05) and alcohol use disorder (AOR 7.73,95% CI 1.38-43.21 ) with K. pneumonia bacteremia. In-hospital mortality was higher in older patients by 1.03 odds (p=0.003). CONCLUSION: Diabetes mellitus, cancer, and alcohol use disorder were independent risk factors associated with K. pneumonia bacteremia. Patients with advanced age had a higher mortality rate.
肺炎克雷伯氏菌菌血症是医院发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。本研究旨在评估马来西亚一家公立医院肺炎克雷伯菌血症的临床特征、危险因素和结局。材料和方法:在马来西亚柔佛州的一家医院对成人肺炎克雷伯菌血症进行了回顾性横断面研究。对人口统计、医疗合并症、感染来源和死亡率进行了审查和分析。结果:185例肺炎克雷伯菌血症纳入分析。该研究的平均年龄为54.9岁(SD 15.4)，男性占56.8%，住院死亡率为46.5%。产广谱β -内酰胺酶(ESBL)和耐碳青霉烯肺炎克雷伯菌血症分别占37.3%和1.1%。在感染肺炎克雷伯菌血症的患者中，两个最常见的来源是原发性血流感染(n=75, 40.5%)、肺炎(n=44, 23.8%)和尿路感染(n=28, 15.1%)。糖尿病(AOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.08)、癌症(AOR 2.02, 95% CI 1.33-3.05)和酒精使用障碍(AOR 7.73,95% CI 1.38-43.21)与肺炎克雷伯菌血症有统计学意义。老年患者住院死亡率高1.03倍(p=0.003)。结论:糖尿病、癌症和酒精使用障碍是肺炎克雷伯菌血症的独立危险因素。高龄患者死亡率较高。
{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Klebsiella Pneumonia Bacteraemia in Adult","authors":"Tiong Chan Lee, Asma’ Md Arif, Nurul Huda Razali, Vicknesan Kulaisingham, Hashvina Sukesh, Voon Yaa Tay, Mohd Ashraf Ghazali, Jin Koh Ewe, Sitinah Omar, Hamizan Othman, Toh Phang Teck","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2333","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) bacteremia is one of the leading causes of hospital morbidity and mortality. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of K. pneumonia bacteremia in a Malaysian public hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study of adults with K. pneumonia bacteremia was conducted in a hospital in Johor, Malaysia. Demographics, medical comorbidities, source of infections and the mortality rate was reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 185 cases of K. pneumonia bacteremia were included for analysis. The mean age for this study was 54.9 (SD 15.4), with 56.8% males and 46.5% in-hospital mortality. Extended-spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing and Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumonia contributed to 37.3% and 1.1 % of K. pneumonia bacteremia, respectively. Among those who contracted K. pneumonia bacteremia, two most frequent sources were primary bloodstream infections (n=75, 40.5%), pneumonia (n=44, 23.8%) and urinary tract infections (n=28, 15.1%). There was statistically significant associations found between diabetes mellitus (AOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02-2.08), cancer (AOR 2.02, 95% CI 1.33-3.05) and alcohol use disorder (AOR 7.73,95% CI 1.38-43.21 ) with K. pneumonia bacteremia. In-hospital mortality was higher in older patients by 1.03 odds (p=0.003). CONCLUSION: Diabetes mellitus, cancer, and alcohol use disorder were independent risk factors associated with K. pneumonia bacteremia. Patients with advanced age had a higher mortality rate.","PeriodicalId":53575,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135406846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2263
Auni Nur Sabrina Kamaru Azman, None Amal A.M. Elgharbawy
Anticoagulants are helpful as treatment for coagulation disorders. Medicinal plants have been demonstrated to be part of history as a traditional treatment for this disorder, and these plants have anticoagulant properties. Hence, the goal of this study is to review the available publications on anticoagulant activity in medicinal plants from the year 2011 until 2021 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and bibliometric analysis. This review was performed based on the PRISMA guidelines and VOSviewer as a bibliometric analysis tool, using three search databases which were PubMed, MyMedR, and ScienceDirect. The findings of this study revealed that 27 articles met the inclusion criteria and focused on anticoagulant activity in medicinal plants. In each study, anticoagulant properties in medicinal plants were addressed. Meanwhile, the results of the bibliometric analysis demonstrated that China has the most publication for anticoagulant activity in medicinal plants and had the mostcollaboration among institutes in their country. For the most used keywords used by the author, the word "anticoagulant activity" came on top of the results. To conclude, this study can contribute to the field of study as it helps combine the data related to anticoagulant activities in medicinal plants.
{"title":"Anticoagulant Activity in Medicinal Plants: A Systematic and Bibliometric Review Over 10 Years (2011-2021)","authors":"Auni Nur Sabrina Kamaru Azman, None Amal A.M. Elgharbawy","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i4.2263","url":null,"abstract":"Anticoagulants are helpful as treatment for coagulation disorders. Medicinal plants have been demonstrated to be part of history as a traditional treatment for this disorder, and these plants have anticoagulant properties. Hence, the goal of this study is to review the available publications on anticoagulant activity in medicinal plants from the year 2011 until 2021 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and bibliometric analysis. This review was performed based on the PRISMA guidelines and VOSviewer as a bibliometric analysis tool, using three search databases which were PubMed, MyMedR, and ScienceDirect. The findings of this study revealed that 27 articles met the inclusion criteria and focused on anticoagulant activity in medicinal plants. In each study, anticoagulant properties in medicinal plants were addressed. Meanwhile, the results of the bibliometric analysis demonstrated that China has the most publication for anticoagulant activity in medicinal plants and had the mostcollaboration among institutes in their country. For the most used keywords used by the author, the word \"anticoagulant activity\" came on top of the results. To conclude, this study can contribute to the field of study as it helps combine the data related to anticoagulant activities in medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":53575,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.31436/imjm.v22i2.2262
Josiah Oluwaseun Odu
INTRODUCTION: The Workplace Safety Culture Questionnaire (WSCQ) was developed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices on Workplace Safety Culture (WSC) among public sector office workers in Nigeria. The main objective of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the new Workplace Safety Culture Questionnaire (WSCQ) using the Information Motivation and Behavior (IMB) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The WSCQ questionnaire was completed twice by the respondents themselves, with an interval of ten days between sessions, to assess the accuracy of the initial results with the retest. This study involved 44 participants. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha showed significant item consistency for each construct in the second pilot study. The information construct (Cronbach's α=0.929 and minimum corrected item-total correlation (CITC)=0.399). The motivation construct (Cronbach's α=0.932 and minimum corrected item-total correlation (CITC)=0.450). The behavior construct (Cronbach's α=0.812 and minimum corrected item-total correlation (CITC)= 0.401). In test-retest reliability, Cohen's kappa coefficient for construct of information for all items was almost 70% between (kappa k=0.689-1000, p<0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the construct of motivation for all items is 90% between (ICC=0.810-1000, p><0.001) and (kappa k=0.944-1000, p><0.001) for the construct of behavior was 71% for all items. CONCLUSION: This study introduces the WSCQ using the IMB model among public sector office workers as the first official validation of the WSCQ.>
{"title":"Reliability and Validity Study on Work Safety Culture Questionnaire (WSCQ) among Government Office Worker using Information Motivation and Behavior (IMB) Model","authors":"Josiah Oluwaseun Odu","doi":"10.31436/imjm.v22i2.2262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v22i2.2262","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: The Workplace Safety Culture Questionnaire (WSCQ) was developed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices on Workplace Safety Culture (WSC) among public sector office workers in Nigeria. The main objective of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the new Workplace Safety Culture Questionnaire (WSCQ) using the Information Motivation and Behavior (IMB) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The WSCQ questionnaire was completed twice by the respondents themselves, with an interval of ten days between sessions, to assess the accuracy of the initial results with the retest. This study involved 44 participants. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha showed significant item consistency for each construct in the second pilot study. The information construct (Cronbach's α=0.929 and minimum corrected item-total correlation (CITC)=0.399). The motivation construct (Cronbach's α=0.932 and minimum corrected item-total correlation (CITC)=0.450). The behavior construct (Cronbach's α=0.812 and minimum corrected item-total correlation (CITC)= 0.401). In test-retest reliability, Cohen's kappa coefficient for construct of information for all items was almost 70% between (kappa k=0.689-1000, p<0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the construct of motivation for all items is 90% between (ICC=0.810-1000, p><0.001) and (kappa k=0.944-1000, p><0.001) for the construct of behavior was 71% for all items. CONCLUSION: This study introduces the WSCQ using the IMB model among public sector office workers as the first official validation of the WSCQ.>","PeriodicalId":53575,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136163637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amro M. Soliman, E. Ramli, Srijit Das, N. A. Ghafar
The facial nerve divides within the parotid gland into upper temporozygomatic and lower cervicofacial branches. The two branches further subdivide and emerge from the parotid gland as five main branches. We observed a rare anomalous branching pattern of the facial nerve along with double parotid duct on the right side of a 50-year-old male cadaver. The two parotid ducts emerged at the level of the anterior border of parotid gland then united to form one single duct thereby opened into the oral cavity. The first duct (D1) emerged from the upper one third of the anterior border of the parotid gland and traversed horizontally for 9 mm to join the second duct. Knowledge of anomalous branching pattern of facial nerve and double parotid ducts may be beneficial for maxillofacial surgeons.
{"title":"Concomitant anomalous branching of facial nerve and double parotid duct: A case report","authors":"Amro M. Soliman, E. Ramli, Srijit Das, N. A. Ghafar","doi":"10.31436/IMJM.V16I1.372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31436/IMJM.V16I1.372","url":null,"abstract":"The facial nerve divides within the parotid gland into upper temporozygomatic and lower cervicofacial branches. The two branches further subdivide and emerge from the parotid gland as five main branches. We observed a rare anomalous branching pattern of the facial nerve along with double parotid duct on the right side of a 50-year-old male cadaver. The two parotid ducts emerged at the level of the anterior border of parotid gland then united to form one single duct thereby opened into the oral cavity. The first duct (D1) emerged from the upper one third of the anterior border of the parotid gland and traversed horizontally for 9 mm to join the second duct. Knowledge of anomalous branching pattern of facial nerve and double parotid ducts may be beneficial for maxillofacial surgeons.","PeriodicalId":53575,"journal":{"name":"International Medical Journal Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43650891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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