Eurasian Journal of Medicine最新文献

Objective: The first-line treatment for radial tunnel syndrome is conservative despite limited evidence concerning its efficiency. Surgical release is indicated if nonsurgical measures fail. Radial tunnel syndrome cases may be misdiagnosed as the more common lateral epicondylitis, and misdiagnosing radial tunnel syndrome causes wrong treatment and, thus, the perpetuation or increase of the pain. Although radial tunnel syndrome is a rare disorder, such cases can be encountered in tertiary hand surgery centers. This study aimed to present our experience in diagnosing and managing patients with radial tunnel syndrome.

Material and methods: Eighteen patients (7 male, 11 female; mean age=41.5 years, age range=22-61) in whom radial tunnel syndrome was diagnosed and treated at a single tertiary care center were retrospectively reviewed and included. Previous diagnoses (wrong diagnosis, delayed diagnosis, missed diagnosis, and other), previous treatments for such diagnoses, and their results before presenting to our institution were recorded. The shortened disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire score and visual analog scale score were recorded before the surgery and at the final follow-up appointment.

Results: All the patients included in the study underwent steroid injections. Eleven patients (11/18, 61%) benefited from steroid injection and conservative treatment. The remaining 7 patients refractory to conservative treatment were offered surgical treatment. Of these, 6 patients accepted surgery while 1 did not accept it. In all patients, the mean visual analog scale score significantly improved from 6.38 (range: 5-8) to 2.1 (range: 0-7) (P < .001). The mean quick-disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire scores were significantly improved from 43.4 (range: 31.8-52.5) preoperatively to 8.7 (range: 0-45.5) at the final follow-up (P < .001). In the surgical treatment group, the mean visual analog scale score significantly improved from 6.1 (range: 5-7) to 1.2 (range: 0-4) (P < .001). The mean quick-disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire scores were significantly improved from 37.4 (range: 31.2-45.5) preoperatively to 4.7 (range: 0-13.6) at the final follow-up (P < .001).

Conclusion: Our experience has shown that satisfactory results can be obtained by surgical treatment for patients with radial tunnel syndrome refractory to nonsurgical treatment whose diagnosis is confirmed by a thorough physical examination.

Objective: Although it was postulated that renal grafts with multiple arteries could lead to unfavorable recipient outcomes, this subject remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of recipients receiving renal allografts with a single artery with those receiving renal grafts with two arteries.

Materials and methods: Adult patients who received live donor kidney transplantation in our center between January 2020 and October 2021 were included. Data including age, gender, body mass index, renal allograft side, pre-kidney transplantation dialysis status, human leukocyte antigen mismatch number, warm ischemia time, the number of renal allograft arteries (single/double), complications, duration of hospitalization, postoperative creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rates, early graft rejection, graft loss, and mortality were collected. Subsequently, patients who received single-artery renal allografts were compared with those who received double-artery renal allografts.

Results: Overall, 139 recipients were included. The mean recipient age was 43.73 ± 13.03 (21-69). While 103 recipients were male, 36 were female. The comparison between the 2 groups revealed that mean ischemia time was significantly longer in the double-artery than in the single-artery group (48.0 vs. 31.2 minutes) (P=.00). In addition, the single-artery group had significantly lower postoperative day 1 and day 30 mean serum creatinine levels. Also, the mean postoperative day 1 glomerular filtration rates were significantly higher in the single-artery group than in the double-artery group. However, the 2 groups were similar concerning the glomerular filtration rates measured at other times. On the other hand, there was no difference between the 2 groups regarding duration of hospitalization, surgical complication, early graft rejection, graft loss, and mortality rates.

Conclusion: The presence of 2 renal allograft arteries does not have adverse effects on the postoperative parameters of the kidney transplantation recipients, including graft function, duration of hospitalization, surgical complication, early graft rejection, graft loss, and mortality rates.

Objective: The world is struggling with the damage caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Most countries have applied quarantines to combat the spread of coronavirus disease 2019. The aim of this study was to determine the mental health of smoking adolescents and the change in smoking behavior compared to their peers during the coronavirus disease 2019 quarantine.

Materials and methods: This study was conducted with adolescents registered in the adolescent outpatient clinic with no record of psychiatric illness. The mental health of smoking (n = 50) and non-smoking (n = 121) adolescents was evaluated using the Brief Symptom Inventory. Smoking adolescents have been questioned about the change in smoking behavior since quarantine began.

Results: The rates of depression and hostility symptoms were significantly higher in smoking than in nonsmoking adolescents. Male smokers had significantly higher depression and hostility symptoms than male non-smokers. However, no significant difference was observed between the rates of female smokers and non-smokers. It was determined that 54% (27) of the smokers reduced their smoking, while 14% (7) smoked more than before and 3.5% of former smokers stated that they quit smoking during quarantine and these people were included in the non-smoker group.

Conclusion: It is not surprising that the mental health of adolescents was affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 quarantine. Our findings revealed the necessity to closely monitor the mental health of smoking adolescents, especially males smokers. The results of our study suggest that encouraging adolescents who smoke to quit during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic may be more effective than before quarantine.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a difference in retinal microvascularization between adolescents with and without simple myopia using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Materials and methods: Thirty-four eyes of 34 patients aged 12-18 years diagnosed with school-age simple myopia (0-6 diopters), and 34 eyes of 34 healthy controls of similar ages were included in this retrospective study. The ocular, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography findings of the participants were recorded.

Results: The simple myopia group had statistically thicker inferior ganglion cell complex thicknesses compared to the controls (P =.038). The macular map values did not statistically significantly differ between the 2 groups. The foveal avascular zone area (P =.038) and circularity index (P =.022) values were statistically lower in the simple myopia group compared to the control group. The superficial capillary plexus outer and inner ring vessel density (%) (superior and nasal) showed statistically significant differences (outer ring superior/ nasal P=.004/P = .037; inner ring superior/nasal P =.014/P= .046).

Conclusion: Similar to high myopia, vascular density in the macula decreases as the axial length and spherical equivalent increase in simple myopia.

Short stature is considered a condition in which the height is 2 standard deviations below the mean height of a given age, sex, and population group. Human height is a polygenic and heterogeneous characteristic, and its heritability is reported to be approximately 80%. More than 600 variants associated with human growth were detected in the genome-wide association studies. Rare and common variants concurrently affect human height. The rare variations that play a role in human height determination and have a strong impact on protein functions lead to monogenic short stature phenotypes, which are a highly heterogeneous group. With rapidly developing technologies in the last decade, molecular genetic tests have begun to be used widely in clinical genetics, and thus, the genetic etiology of several rare diseases has been elucidated. Identifying the genetic etiology underlying idiopathic short stature which represents phenotypically heterogeneous group of diseases ranging from isolated short stature to severe and syndromic short stature has promoted the understanding of the genetic regulation of growth plate and longitudinal bone growth. In cases of short stature, definite molecular diagnosis based on genetic evaluation enables the patient and family to receive genetic counseling on the natural course of the disease, prognosis, genetic basis, and recurrence risk. The determination of the genetic etiology in growth disorders is essential for the development of novel targeted therapies and crucial in the development of mutation-specific treatments in the future.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a highly effective genetic diagnostic test used in disease diagnosis. Although the Sanger method is used as the traditional method in genome studies, the use of NGS methods has been increasing with the development of technology. The foundation of next-generation sequencing was laid with the methods developed by Allan Maxam-Walter Gilbert and 2 Nobel laureates, Frederick Sanger. Initially, first-generation sequencing methods completed a certain part of the DNA with great efforts in a few days, while in today's technology, the entire DNA of even the most complex organisms is sequenced in 1 day. Second- and third-generation sequencing methods have been developed with improvements in cost, time, and accuracy of sequencing. The data obtained from these methods are interpreted with bioinformatics and contributed to the development of next-generation sequencing technology. These developments have increased the interest in studies on the relationship between next-generation sequencing and DNA or RNA depending on diseases. In this review, past and present methods of next-generation sequencing technologies are mentioned in detail and the difficulties and conveniences of these methods are reviewed.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a virus that can still infect individuals and whose deadly effects continue despite the current vaccines and drugs. Since 2019, many studies on the pathogenesis of the disease have been completed and continue to be done. In addition to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, many molecules that can be markers of the disease have been investigated. In the early stages of the pandemic, many nonspecific and infection-related laboratory findings and chest computed tomography were used to obtain information about the diagnosis of the disease. The more individual molecules became associated with the disease yet. The purpose of this review is to summarize the impact and role of many molecules associated with coronavirus disease-2019 infection that have been previously used and newly revealed. Numerous studies are summarized in this review. The obtained data show that previously used laboratory findings and new potential biomarkers are not specific to the disease. New potential biomarkers have been associated with the severity of the disease itself, as can be seen with lung imaging and even with routine laboratory findings. One of the important points that are seen frequently in studies is that the effectiveness of these molecules has been shown not only in coronavirus disease-2019 infection but also in many other diseases. This removes the pathogenesis of the disease from being a unique mechanism created by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and provides a general perspective formed by viral or bacterial infections. However, there are still many molecular changes that need to be investigated. Future studies will continue to update themselves with the mutations of the virus.

Ischemia-reperfusion is a common health problem leading to several health conditions. The pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion is quite complex. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response contribute to ischemia-reperfusion mechanisms. Various parameters like proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, occur during ischemia-reperfusion . There are several ways to investigate these values through biochemical and histopathologic findings. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, interleukin 6, interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha, caspase-3, nuclear factor-kappa β, and LC3B (microtubu le-associated protein light chain 3, LC3) can be evaluated among these indicators.

The intermittent subcutaneous injection of apomorphine is highly effective in the management of motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Although it has been shown that apomorphine injection can be safely used in selected cases at all stages of the disease, there is no consensus regarding intermittent administration strategies. This review aimed to discuss the indications for intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine use in clinical practice, possible side effects and their management, and contraindicated cases in light of the literature and to present practical recommendations for clinical practice.

Sepsis is a syndrome that includes physiological, pathological, and biochemical abnormalities resulting from the host immune response to infection. Despite the improved treatment modalities in recent years, the incidence and mortality of sepsis are still increasing. Sepsis immunopathology is increasingly attracting the attention of researchers. The successes experienced with immunotherapeutics in the treatment of cancer and coronavirus disease 2019, which are diseases with similar pathophysiological features and common immune defects with sepsis, have given rise to the hope that similar successes can be achieved in the treatment of sepsis. In this review, future perspectives on the immunopathology of sepsis and immunotherapeutics are presented to improve the current understanding of the disease.