A successful strategy aimed at preventing the emergence and spread of Emerging Infectious Diseases – and therefore a strategy to avoid future pandemic scenarios – should take into account the human dependency on – and profound connection with nature and include not just health considerations but also animal welfare and health, agriculture and food production, environmental protection and climate action in all their facets, including spending and finances, and trade. In this light, policy and legislative acts not only need to be sufficiently ambitious to tackle the drivers behind the emergence of infectious diseases, but they also need to work in symbiosis, in synergy, to avoid that progress made in a certain field is eroded by a lack of ambition and foresight in another field. This research article aims to shed some light on the issue by considering key areas and key recent developments in EU law and policy. It shows how approaches and stances taken by the EU and by Member States frequently lack grit and ambition and are only limitedly synergetic and coherent with each other, often representing veritable missed opportunities both in terms of ambition and in building bridges across different fields. Covid-19, zoonoses, One Health, EU health policy, animal welfare law, animal health law, CAP, EU Climate Law, climate change, environmental protection
{"title":"‘Preventing Pandemics by Building Bridges in EU Policy and Law’","authors":"Elisa Cavallin","doi":"10.54648/eelr2021019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/eelr2021019","url":null,"abstract":"A successful strategy aimed at preventing the emergence and spread of Emerging Infectious Diseases – and therefore a strategy to avoid future pandemic scenarios – should take into account the human dependency on – and profound connection with nature and include not just health considerations but also animal welfare and health, agriculture and food production, environmental protection and climate action in all their facets, including spending and finances, and trade. In this light, policy and legislative acts not only need to be sufficiently ambitious to tackle the drivers behind the emergence of infectious diseases, but they also need to work in symbiosis, in synergy, to avoid that progress made in a certain field is eroded by a lack of ambition and foresight in another field. This research article aims to shed some light on the issue by considering key areas and key recent developments in EU law and policy. It shows how approaches and stances taken by the EU and by Member States frequently lack grit and ambition and are only limitedly synergetic and coherent with each other, often representing veritable missed opportunities both in terms of ambition and in building bridges across different fields.\u0000Covid-19, zoonoses, One Health, EU health policy, animal welfare law, animal health law, CAP, EU Climate Law, climate change, environmental protection","PeriodicalId":53610,"journal":{"name":"European Energy and Environmental Law Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47035013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Batteries and the Low-Carbon Energy Transition: Circularity and Secondary Supply Approach Highlighted in the EU’s Policy Discourse","authors":"S. Penttinen","doi":"10.54648/eelr2021022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/eelr2021022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53610,"journal":{"name":"European Energy and Environmental Law Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48387547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Yerezhepkyzy, V. Shestak, A. Egorov, A. Sadvokassov
The United Nations Economic Convention for Europe Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus Convention) is a peremptory international treaty that enshrines the procedural public rights to access environmental information, to make decisions regarding the environment, and to protect the right to a healthy environment. However, the Russian Federation is still not a party to this Convention. The analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the context of its compliance with the Aarhus Convention is carried out to identify the reasons for not ratifying this agreement. The article aims to: 1) argue the need to ratify the Aarhus Convention by the Russian Federation; 2) develop an effective legal mechanism to ensure the implementation of its provisions. By applying the conceptual method, the provisions of the Aarhus Convention were analysed, its key requirements were studied, and the fundamental role of this treaty in the field of harmonizing relations ‘human-environment’ was determined. Through the combined application of conceptual and comparative methods, an analysis of the environmental legislation of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Republic of Belarus was carried out. Through the combined application of statistical and comparative methods, the effectiveness of environmental policy in the studied states in the context of the Aarhus Convention was identified and compared. As a result of the study, the need for the ratification of the Aarhus Convention by the Russian Federation was stated along with measures proposed for Convention implementation. In addition, attention was focused on the need for a comprehensive approach to the implementation of the provisions of this Convention. access to environmental information, access to justice, criminal liability, environmental legislation, healthy environment; international law
{"title":"Implementing the Aarhus Convention","authors":"R. Yerezhepkyzy, V. Shestak, A. Egorov, A. Sadvokassov","doi":"10.54648/eelr2021014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/eelr2021014","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations Economic Convention for Europe Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus Convention) is a peremptory international treaty that enshrines the procedural public rights to access environmental information, to make decisions regarding the environment, and to protect the right to a healthy environment. However, the Russian Federation is still not a party to this Convention. The analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the context of its compliance with the Aarhus Convention is carried out to identify the reasons for not ratifying this agreement. The article aims to: 1) argue the need to ratify the Aarhus Convention by the Russian Federation; 2) develop an effective legal mechanism to ensure the implementation of its provisions. By applying the conceptual method, the provisions of the Aarhus Convention were analysed, its key requirements were studied, and the fundamental role of this treaty in the field of harmonizing relations ‘human-environment’ was determined. Through the combined application of conceptual and comparative methods, an analysis of the environmental legislation of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Republic of Belarus was carried out. Through the combined application of statistical and comparative methods, the effectiveness of environmental policy in the studied states in the context of the Aarhus Convention was identified and compared. As a result of the study, the need for the ratification of the Aarhus Convention by the Russian Federation was stated along with measures proposed for Convention implementation. In addition, attention was focused on the need for a comprehensive approach to the implementation of the provisions of this Convention.\u0000access to environmental information, access to justice, criminal liability, environmental legislation, healthy environment; international law","PeriodicalId":53610,"journal":{"name":"European Energy and Environmental Law Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47607097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the paper is to unpack the recent developments relating to the disputes arising from the ΕU originated Water Legislation in the wake of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) judgments in the Wasserleitungsverband Nördliches Burgenland and Others (C-197/18) and IL and Others (C- 535/18) Cases respectively. A first issue which is analysed, concerns the contribution of the CJEU Judgments in terms of filling the absence of EU minimum procedural standards, particularly with respect to the standing rights of the natural persons to challenge the decisions of the competent authorities not to take the necessary measures to combat nitrates pollution and the decisions approving infrastructure projects with effects on the water bodies. Issues concerning the standard of review of the respective decisions, which may go beyond the ‘manifest error of assessment’ criterion and the conditions under which direct effect is recognized to the provisions of the EU Environmental Directives, are also discussed. The main conclusion is that the discussed Rulings made a positive contribution in terms of enhancing access to justice before national courts, mainly by ensuring the standing rights of the individual applicants through the enrichment of the concept of those ‘directly concerned’ with the element of the ‘legitimate use’ of the protected environmental good and by reaffirming the Court’s thesis for the direct effect of the provisions of the EU Environmental Directives, which focuses on the obligations of the competent authorities. The Court’s thesis in the IL and Others Case concerning the discretion of MS to limit the pleas which can be permissibly submitted by the individual applicants with regard to the procedural defects does not, though, clarify the issue in a manner that would ensure effective access to justice before national courts. EU Water Legislation, Access to Justice, the Concept of ‘DirectConcern’, Direct Effect, Standard of Review
本文的目的是揭示在欧盟法院(CJEU)分别在Wasserleitungsverband Nördliches Burgenland and Others (C-197/18)和IL and Others (C- 535/18)案件中判决ΕU起源的水立法引起的争议的最新发展。分析的第一个问题涉及欧洲法院判决在填补欧盟最低程序标准缺失方面的贡献，特别是关于自然人对主管当局不采取必要措施打击硝酸盐污染的决定提出质疑的长期权利和批准对水体有影响的基础设施项目的决定。还讨论了有关各自决定的审查标准的问题，这些问题可能超出“明显的评估错误”标准和承认对欧盟环境指令规定的直接影响的条件。主要结论是，所讨论的裁决在加强在国家法院诉诸司法方面作出了积极贡献，主要是通过丰富那些与受保护的环境产品的“合法使用”要素“直接有关”的概念来确保个人申请人的长期权利，并通过重申法院关于欧盟环境指令规定的直接影响的论点。它侧重于主管当局的义务。然而，法院在IL和其他案件中关于MS限制个人申请人就程序缺陷可以允许提交的请求的自由裁量权的论点，并没有以一种确保在国家法院有效诉诸司法的方式澄清这一问题。欧盟水立法，诉诸司法，“直接关注”的概念，直接影响，审查标准
{"title":"Access to Justice for Challenging the Decisions of the Competent Authorities for Alleged Violations of the EU Water Legislation before National Courts. Relevant Developments and Trends Through the Lens of the CJEU Judgments in Cases C-197/18 and C-535/18","authors":"Vasiliki Karageorgou, K. Pouikli","doi":"10.54648/eelr2021015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/eelr2021015","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper is to unpack the recent developments relating to the disputes arising from the ΕU originated Water Legislation in the wake of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) judgments in the Wasserleitungsverband Nördliches Burgenland and Others (C-197/18) and IL and Others (C- 535/18) Cases respectively. A first issue which is analysed, concerns the contribution of the CJEU Judgments in terms of filling the absence of EU minimum procedural standards, particularly with respect to the standing rights of the natural persons to challenge the decisions of the competent authorities not to take the necessary measures to combat nitrates pollution and the decisions approving infrastructure projects with effects on the water bodies. Issues concerning the standard of review of the respective decisions, which may go beyond the ‘manifest error of assessment’ criterion and the conditions under which direct effect is recognized to the provisions of the EU Environmental Directives, are also discussed. The main conclusion is that the discussed Rulings made a positive contribution in terms of enhancing access to justice before national courts, mainly by ensuring the standing rights of the individual applicants through the enrichment of the concept of those ‘directly concerned’ with the element of the ‘legitimate use’ of the protected environmental good and by reaffirming the Court’s thesis for the direct effect of the provisions of the EU Environmental Directives, which focuses on the obligations of the competent authorities. The Court’s thesis in the IL and Others Case concerning the discretion of MS to limit the pleas which can be permissibly submitted by the individual applicants with regard to the procedural defects does not, though, clarify the issue in a manner that would ensure effective access to justice before national courts.\u0000EU Water Legislation, Access to Justice, the Concept of ‘DirectConcern’, Direct Effect, Standard of Review","PeriodicalId":53610,"journal":{"name":"European Energy and Environmental Law Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45766251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this short article is to provide a brief overview and reflections on theUnion’s relatively recent introduction of a biennial Environmental Implementation Review (EIR) cycle as part of its activities in monitoring EU Member States’ (MS) implementation of Union environmental law and policy. The EIR reflects an increased level of interest on the part of the Union in seeking to identify ways in which MS may improve upon their track records in implementing EU environmental legislative requirements at national level. Notably, it envisages a more intense form of engagement and dialogue on the part of the European Commission with MS authorities on identifying strengths and weaknesses in terms of individual MS performance as well as identifying common challenges at national level. The article assesses what key outcomes may have emerged thus far with the two EIR cycles that have been completed and how the EIR relates to the other principal supranational supervisory tool used by the EU for the purpose overseeing compliance with the EU environmental acquis, namely the use of law enforcement action via infringement proceedings. Ultimately, the article posits the view that the tools of EIR and law enforcement may be best seen to be in a complementary and mutually supportive relationship, each needing the other to be able to make a sufficient impression and impact on MS in terms of inducing them to address the subject of implementation with the degree of importance and urgency it deserves. Environmental Implementation Review, supranational supervision, implementation, infringements, compliance assurance, European Commission, Court of Justice of the European Union.
{"title":"The EU’s Environmental Implementation Review: An Emerging Tool for Supervising Policy Delivery.","authors":"Martin Hedemann-Robinson","doi":"10.54648/eelr2021016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/eelr2021016","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this short article is to provide a brief overview and reflections on theUnion’s relatively recent introduction of a biennial Environmental Implementation Review (EIR) cycle as part of its activities in monitoring EU Member States’ (MS) implementation of Union environmental law and policy. The EIR reflects an increased level of interest on the part of the Union in seeking to identify ways in which MS may improve upon their track records in implementing EU environmental legislative requirements at national level. Notably, it envisages a more intense form of engagement and dialogue on the part of the European Commission with MS authorities on identifying strengths and weaknesses in terms of individual MS performance as well as identifying common challenges at national level. The article assesses what key outcomes may have emerged thus far with the two EIR cycles that have been completed and how the EIR relates to the other principal supranational supervisory tool used by the EU for the purpose overseeing compliance with the EU environmental acquis, namely the use of law enforcement action via infringement proceedings. Ultimately, the article posits the view that the tools of EIR and law enforcement may be best seen to be in a complementary and mutually supportive relationship, each needing the other to be able to make a sufficient impression and impact on MS in terms of inducing them to address the subject of implementation with the degree of importance and urgency it deserves.\u0000Environmental Implementation Review, supranational supervision, implementation, infringements, compliance assurance, European Commission, Court of Justice of the European Union.","PeriodicalId":53610,"journal":{"name":"European Energy and Environmental Law Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44596073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
community energy, Japanese energy sector, enekomi, citizen energy communities, renewable energy communities, energy prosumers
社区能源、日本能源部门、enekomi、公民能源社区、可再生能源社区、能源生产消费者
{"title":"Books for Review","authors":"Karen E. Makuch","doi":"10.54648/eelr2021018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/eelr2021018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000community energy, Japanese energy sector, enekomi, citizen energy communities, renewable energy communities, energy prosumers","PeriodicalId":53610,"journal":{"name":"European Energy and Environmental Law Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47436754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy communities are already part of the current Japanese energy sector. The enerugīkomyuniti (or enekomi, as I propose to call this type of entities) powered by renewables with an important role played by photovoltaics (PVs), reflect a growing wave of prosumer movements in Japan. This derives from the decrease in the cost of renewable installations, as well as the opportunities for multiple deployments in places previously unable to access renewable energy (such as farms – when ‘farming photovoltaics’ or ‘agrivoltaic systems’ are applied). The establishment of municipal power producers and suppliers (small-scale entities covering local areas), leading to broader popularization and use of distributed energy in Japan has also helped to promote this movement. However, any further development of enekomis requires the appropriate regulatory framework. Japan, which wants to promote the concept of a sustainable regional community internationally, must focus on amore preferential approach to enekomi. Based on the experience of the Member States, the European Union has managed to establish a model that could be implemented in Japan after a suitable adaptation. This applies in particular to the solutions offered to energy communities in Europe with respect to membership, non-discriminatory treatment, barriers, support schemes as well as grid connection and management. community energy, Japanese energy sector, enekomi, citizen energy communities, renewable energy communities, energy prosumers
{"title":"Models of Energy Communities in Japan (Enekomi): Regulatory Solutions From the European Union (Rescoms and Citencoms)","authors":"Maciej M. Sokolowski","doi":"10.54648/eelr2021017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/eelr2021017","url":null,"abstract":"Energy communities are already part of the current Japanese energy sector. The enerugīkomyuniti (or enekomi, as I propose to call this type of entities) powered by renewables with an important role played by photovoltaics (PVs), reflect a growing wave of prosumer movements in Japan. This derives from the decrease in the cost of renewable installations, as well as the opportunities for multiple deployments in places previously unable to access renewable energy (such as farms – when ‘farming photovoltaics’ or ‘agrivoltaic systems’ are applied). The establishment of municipal power producers and suppliers (small-scale entities covering local areas), leading to broader popularization and use of distributed energy in Japan has also helped to promote this movement. However, any further development of enekomis requires the appropriate regulatory framework. Japan, which wants to promote the concept of a sustainable regional community internationally, must focus on amore preferential approach to enekomi. Based on the experience of the Member States, the European Union has managed to establish a model that could be implemented in Japan after a suitable adaptation. This applies in particular to the solutions offered to energy communities in Europe with respect to membership, non-discriminatory treatment, barriers, support schemes as well as grid connection and management.\u0000community energy, Japanese energy sector, enekomi, citizen energy communities, renewable energy communities, energy prosumers","PeriodicalId":53610,"journal":{"name":"European Energy and Environmental Law Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41947847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review: The Politics of Shale Gas in Eastern Europe: Energy Security, Contested Technologies and the Social Licence to Frack by Andreas Goldthau Cambridge: Hardback. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press. 2018.","authors":"Miriam R. Aczel","doi":"10.54648/eelr2021013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/eelr2021013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53610,"journal":{"name":"European Energy and Environmental Law Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44920747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In quest of its energy policy intertwined with national climate strategy, Georgia has endeavoured to modernize the energy normative framework with the special focus on renewables as the fastest growing source of energy in the country. On the flip side, the European Union, as a ‘regulatory superpower’ urges the third countries to intensify their efforts alongside the EU and expands internal energy law and policy application to non-Member States. In this natural affinity, the EU-Georgia energy and climate partnership comes as no surprise cooperation anchored by the so-called EU’s conditionality policy. This article offers a bird’s eye view of Georgia’s energy sector emphasizing on the emergence of new renewable energy legal regime that is designed in response to the EU course. The article also displays some of the future trends zooming in on a flagship European Green Deal initiative and examines its possible implications for the country. In a nutshell, legal impact analysis aiming to record and explain how a particular law or rather a group of subject-linked laws (EU energy law) works within a certain geographical setting (in this case Georgia). Energy law, EU law, renewable energy, climate change, Europeanization, European Green Deal, Clean Energy Package, Georgia
{"title":"Changing Architecture of Georgian Renewable Energy Normative System: The Dos and Don’ts from the European Union","authors":"I. Samkharadze","doi":"10.54648/eelr2021010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/eelr2021010","url":null,"abstract":"In quest of its energy policy intertwined with national climate strategy, Georgia has endeavoured to modernize the energy normative framework with the special focus on renewables as the fastest growing source of energy in the country. On the flip side, the European Union, as a ‘regulatory superpower’ urges the third countries to intensify their efforts alongside the EU and expands internal energy law and policy application to non-Member States. In this natural affinity, the EU-Georgia energy and climate partnership comes as no surprise cooperation anchored by the so-called EU’s conditionality policy. This article offers a bird’s eye view of Georgia’s energy sector emphasizing on the emergence of new renewable energy legal regime that is designed in response to the EU course. The article also displays some of the future trends zooming in on a flagship European Green Deal initiative and examines its possible implications for the country. In a nutshell, legal impact analysis aiming to record and explain how a particular law or rather a group of subject-linked laws (EU energy law) works within a certain geographical setting (in this case Georgia).\u0000Energy law, EU law, renewable energy, climate change, Europeanization, European Green Deal, Clean Energy Package, Georgia","PeriodicalId":53610,"journal":{"name":"European Energy and Environmental Law Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42388454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This discussion paper is a study of the emergence/re-assertion of urban based youth in the public political sphere in Kenya. It explores how exist-ing urban popular spaces have provided avenues for the youth to express their fears as well as their hopes in times of changing political develop-ments in Kenya. The study including the introduction very itself an a various
{"title":"Book for Review","authors":"Karen E. Makuch","doi":"10.54648/eelr2021012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/eelr2021012","url":null,"abstract":"This discussion paper is a study of the emergence/re-assertion of urban based youth in the public political sphere in Kenya. It explores how exist-ing urban popular spaces have provided avenues for the youth to express their fears as well as their hopes in times of changing political develop-ments in Kenya. The study including the introduction very itself an a various","PeriodicalId":53610,"journal":{"name":"European Energy and Environmental Law Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48449473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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