Abstract Under the framework of a society that enhances the demand for different kinds of ecosystem services, “Forest Management Planning” (FMP) has changed notably over the last decades. As a consequence of budget constraints and the fact that the present forest planning system of the State Forest Administration of Baden-Württemberg has been in operation since 2000, this system has to be developed further. Since the group of forest officers at the county level is the largest user group, it was decided to start a participatory process in order to derive the most relevant requirements of that group. A survey within the board of managing directors followed. In order to gain an insight into the requirements and preferences we used the pairwise comparison method. The paper highlights the preference structure in respect to (1) the goals of FMP, (2) target groups, (3) the FMP process, (4) tasks, (5) and the outputs of FMP. It can be shown that the average percipience of FMP of forest officers tends to be more traditional and internal than proactive and stakeholder-oriented. The pairwise comparison approach has been proven successful as a means to get insight in the preference structures.
{"title":"Readiness of Forest Officers for Adaptations in Forest Management Planning","authors":"C. Hartebrodt, J. Schmitt","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2016-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2016-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Under the framework of a society that enhances the demand for different kinds of ecosystem services, “Forest Management Planning” (FMP) has changed notably over the last decades. As a consequence of budget constraints and the fact that the present forest planning system of the State Forest Administration of Baden-Württemberg has been in operation since 2000, this system has to be developed further. Since the group of forest officers at the county level is the largest user group, it was decided to start a participatory process in order to derive the most relevant requirements of that group. A survey within the board of managing directors followed. In order to gain an insight into the requirements and preferences we used the pairwise comparison method. The paper highlights the preference structure in respect to (1) the goals of FMP, (2) target groups, (3) the FMP process, (4) tasks, (5) and the outputs of FMP. It can be shown that the average percipience of FMP of forest officers tends to be more traditional and internal than proactive and stakeholder-oriented. The pairwise comparison approach has been proven successful as a means to get insight in the preference structures.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"10 1","pages":"75 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89505309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Legal regulations of the activities of forest managers were fundamentally changed by the legislature of the past decade, and little is known about the actual change in forest management practices. Based on the data collected by the State Forest Service, this study investigates the changes of the past 15 years and presents the influencing factors, primarily the species and sectorial characteristics and differences In the study both the area of final cuts and regenerations are presented by modes, sectors and species. The main factors influencing forest resource management are site (which can be modified by climate change) and the corresponding species or stand type. Based on these possibilities, close-tonature forest management can be evaluated on a more realistic basis. The sum and average values for the whole country are too general; the country consists of sectors with different forest resource management properties.
{"title":"Development and Possibilities for Close-to-Nature Forest Resource Management in Hungary","authors":"B. Lett, J. Gál, M. Stark, N. Frank","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2016-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2016-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Legal regulations of the activities of forest managers were fundamentally changed by the legislature of the past decade, and little is known about the actual change in forest management practices. Based on the data collected by the State Forest Service, this study investigates the changes of the past 15 years and presents the influencing factors, primarily the species and sectorial characteristics and differences In the study both the area of final cuts and regenerations are presented by modes, sectors and species. The main factors influencing forest resource management are site (which can be modified by climate change) and the corresponding species or stand type. Based on these possibilities, close-tonature forest management can be evaluated on a more realistic basis. The sum and average values for the whole country are too general; the country consists of sectors with different forest resource management properties.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"33 1","pages":"55 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72676212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In a significant share of cases, when multi-objective management systems (e.g. Balanced Scorecard, Quantum Performance Measurement) are in use, the goal of employee satisfaction is part of the set of strategic goals. Quite frequently, this goal is flanked by an indicator, mostly a so-called employee satisfaction index, which is frequently derived from an employee satisfaction survey (ESS). On one hand such a survey has to reflect the characteristics and structure of the enterprises, on the other hand it is known that the question for intercompany-comparison turns up immediately after the disclosure of the results. The paper discusses the results of a meta-analysis of ESS in seven of the larger forest enterprises in Germany. The main topics are underlined and the problems of comparability of customized ESS are shown, while focusing on both wording and scales used for their measurement. A methodological approach of dealing with various scales is discussed based on the results of inter- and intra-company ESS. A vision of a common ESS framework is outlined.
{"title":"Balance Impossible? Between Customizability and Comparability of Employee Satisfaction Surveys","authors":"C. Hartebrodt, Y. Chtioui","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2016-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2016-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In a significant share of cases, when multi-objective management systems (e.g. Balanced Scorecard, Quantum Performance Measurement) are in use, the goal of employee satisfaction is part of the set of strategic goals. Quite frequently, this goal is flanked by an indicator, mostly a so-called employee satisfaction index, which is frequently derived from an employee satisfaction survey (ESS). On one hand such a survey has to reflect the characteristics and structure of the enterprises, on the other hand it is known that the question for intercompany-comparison turns up immediately after the disclosure of the results. The paper discusses the results of a meta-analysis of ESS in seven of the larger forest enterprises in Germany. The main topics are underlined and the problems of comparability of customized ESS are shown, while focusing on both wording and scales used for their measurement. A methodological approach of dealing with various scales is discussed based on the results of inter- and intra-company ESS. A vision of a common ESS framework is outlined.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"62 1","pages":"102 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88150702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract During the past decades, the awareness of environmental issues in forest management is increasing due to changes in environmental education. The perceptions of forests, sustainable management, and ecosystem services were studied through two surveys. The general public and forest owners were the two target groups. The questionnaires had similar questions, though two different methodological approaches were used - the CATI system, for general public opinion survey, and semi-structured questionnaires for forest owners. The second survey contained more detailed questions regarding forest properties. Combined answers from 1503 respondents from the general public and 150 forest owners were evaluated on the following topics: sustainable forestry, major ecosystem services, and perceptions of forests. The majority of the Slovakian public regards ecological values as the most important element, whereas forest owners prefer the economic purposes for the maintenance and enhancement of forests. Forest owners tend to visit their forests once per week, whereas the general public tend to visit only once per month. The main cause for this non-attendance in the general public was a lack of recreational time, followed by a disinterest in forests. The main purpose for visiting forests for both groups was recreation. Overall, it can be concluded that people are mostly satisfied with forest management in Slovakia. Forest owners are satisfied with their forest properties, and plan to keep them for their children. In the future, more attention should be focused on investigating the younger generation’s perception of forests.
{"title":"Perceptions of Forest Owners and the General Public on the Role of Forests in Slovakia","authors":"Z. Dobšinská, Z. Sarvašová","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2016-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2016-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the past decades, the awareness of environmental issues in forest management is increasing due to changes in environmental education. The perceptions of forests, sustainable management, and ecosystem services were studied through two surveys. The general public and forest owners were the two target groups. The questionnaires had similar questions, though two different methodological approaches were used - the CATI system, for general public opinion survey, and semi-structured questionnaires for forest owners. The second survey contained more detailed questions regarding forest properties. Combined answers from 1503 respondents from the general public and 150 forest owners were evaluated on the following topics: sustainable forestry, major ecosystem services, and perceptions of forests. The majority of the Slovakian public regards ecological values as the most important element, whereas forest owners prefer the economic purposes for the maintenance and enhancement of forests. Forest owners tend to visit their forests once per week, whereas the general public tend to visit only once per month. The main cause for this non-attendance in the general public was a lack of recreational time, followed by a disinterest in forests. The main purpose for visiting forests for both groups was recreation. Overall, it can be concluded that people are mostly satisfied with forest management in Slovakia. Forest owners are satisfied with their forest properties, and plan to keep them for their children. In the future, more attention should be focused on investigating the younger generation’s perception of forests.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"105 1","pages":"23 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79283299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Landscape urbanization and fragmentation, spread of invasive pests, biodiversity loss, social value changes, and loss of manufacturing infrastructure are some of the changing ecological, economic and environmental framework conditions facing small-scale forest owners in northwest Washington State, USA. To successfully adapt to these changes, landowners’ knowledge framework must change. Washington State University Extension has been offering comprehensive, multi-week training courses for small-scale forest owners. From 2008 - 2013, participants were surveyed at the conclusion of the training, one year following the training, and again at three years following the training. These follow-up surveys demonstrate a progression from knowledge change to behaviour (management) change and, ultimately, to condition change. Condition changes included increased wildlife diversity, decreased invasive species cover, and increased economic sustainability. The results demonstrate that changing a landowner’s knowledge framework through education is a highlyeffective approach for helping them successfully adapt to changing external framework conditions.
{"title":"Fostering Adaptation by Changing Landowners’ Knowledge Framework – Responses to Extension Education in Northwest Washington State, USA","authors":"K. Zobrist, L. Grand, M. Rozance","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2016-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2016-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Landscape urbanization and fragmentation, spread of invasive pests, biodiversity loss, social value changes, and loss of manufacturing infrastructure are some of the changing ecological, economic and environmental framework conditions facing small-scale forest owners in northwest Washington State, USA. To successfully adapt to these changes, landowners’ knowledge framework must change. Washington State University Extension has been offering comprehensive, multi-week training courses for small-scale forest owners. From 2008 - 2013, participants were surveyed at the conclusion of the training, one year following the training, and again at three years following the training. These follow-up surveys demonstrate a progression from knowledge change to behaviour (management) change and, ultimately, to condition change. Condition changes included increased wildlife diversity, decreased invasive species cover, and increased economic sustainability. The results demonstrate that changing a landowner’s knowledge framework through education is a highlyeffective approach for helping them successfully adapt to changing external framework conditions.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"66 1","pages":"35 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74522132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Mississippi landowners were found to diversify incomes from forests through fee-access outdoor recreation, including hunting, angling, wildlife watching, and other nature-based activities (Jones et al. 2005). The Natural Resource Enterprises (NRE) Program at Mississippi State University educates private landowners, resource agencies, and local communities about recreational enterprises, conservation, and integration of these activities with sustainable forestry through educational workshops. Since 2005, the NRE Program has organized and conducted over 75 landowner workshops in 11 U.S. states and Sweden and trained in excess of 4,000 participants in outdoor recreational business development and associated conservation practices. Survey results revealed that our programming has initiated over 1,000 new outdoor recreational businesses on an estimated 1.2 million hectares of forest and agricultural lands, generating over $14 million in incomes while fostering natural resource conservation on family farms in the U.S. NRE development on rural lands benefits landowners and local communities through promoting payments for ecosystem services supported by sustainable forests.
研究发现，密西西比州的土地所有者通过收费的户外娱乐活动，包括狩猎、垂钓、野生动物观赏和其他基于自然的活动，使森林收入多样化(Jones et al. 2005)。密西西比州立大学的自然资源企业(NRE)项目通过教育研讨会对私人土地所有者、资源机构和当地社区进行娱乐企业、保护和将这些活动与可持续林业相结合的教育。自2005年以来，NRE项目在美国11个州和瑞典组织和举办了75个以上的土地所有者讲习班，培训了4000多名户外娱乐业务发展和相关保护实践的参与者。调查结果显示，我们的项目已经在大约120万公顷的森林和农业用地上启动了1000多个新的户外娱乐业务，产生了超过1400万美元的收入，同时促进了美国家庭农场的自然资源保护。农村土地上的NRE开发通过促进可持续森林支持的生态系统服务的支付，使土地所有者和当地社区受益。
{"title":"Natural Resource Enterprises: Payments to Landowners for Ecosystem Services from Forests and their Management in the United States of America (U.S.)","authors":"W. D. Jones","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2016-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2016-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mississippi landowners were found to diversify incomes from forests through fee-access outdoor recreation, including hunting, angling, wildlife watching, and other nature-based activities (Jones et al. 2005). The Natural Resource Enterprises (NRE) Program at Mississippi State University educates private landowners, resource agencies, and local communities about recreational enterprises, conservation, and integration of these activities with sustainable forestry through educational workshops. Since 2005, the NRE Program has organized and conducted over 75 landowner workshops in 11 U.S. states and Sweden and trained in excess of 4,000 participants in outdoor recreational business development and associated conservation practices. Survey results revealed that our programming has initiated over 1,000 new outdoor recreational businesses on an estimated 1.2 million hectares of forest and agricultural lands, generating over $14 million in incomes while fostering natural resource conservation on family farms in the U.S. NRE development on rural lands benefits landowners and local communities through promoting payments for ecosystem services supported by sustainable forests.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"136 1","pages":"47 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78175374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The IUFRO 1964/68 Inventory Provenance Trial of Norway Spruce in Nyírjes, Hungary – results and conclusions of five decades","authors":"É. Újvári-Jármay, L. Nagy, C. Mátyás","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2016-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2016-0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90878626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Between 2011 and 2014, 1,154 mines of Phyllonorycter comparella (Duponchel) were collected at 12 locations in Hungary and were put into single-mine rearing containers. A total of 574 parasitoid specimens belonging to 29 parasitoid species (26 Chalcididae, 2 Encyrtidae and 1 Braconidae) emerged. Of these species, 13 have not yet been mentioned in either international or in Hungarian literature as a parasitoid of the P. comparella. The species assemblages of the parasitoid complexes varied greatly among the sample sites. The primary dominant species of the total samples was found to be Sympiesis sericeicornis (Nees), an abundant idiobiont solitary ectoparasitoid. Among the species reared, we have found specialist parasitoids such as Achrysocharoides scaposa (Erdős) and even species never recorded from Populus (Zagrammosoma variegatum (Masi)) according to the Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Kivonat A Populus alba-n élő Phyllonorycter comparella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) levélaknázó magyarországi parazitoid együttesei. 1154 Phyllonorycter comparella (Duponchel) levélaknát gyűjtöttünk és tettünk egyedi nevelésbe 2011-2014 között, 12 Magyarországi helyszínről. A nevelésből kikelt 574 parazitoid egyed alapján 29 fajt (26 Chalcididae, 2 Encyrtidae és 1 Braconidae) sikerült azonosítani. Ezek közül 13 fajt sem a nemzetközi sem a hazai szakirodalom korábbról nem említ, mint a P. comparella parazitoidjait. Különböző mintagyűjtési helyszínek parazitoid komplexum fajegyüttesében eltérések mutatkoztak. A teljes minta elsődleges domináns faja a Sympiesis sericeicornis (Nees), egy gyakori idiobiont szoliter ektoparazitoid volt. A nevelésből kikelt fajok között olyan specialista fajokat is azonosítottunk, mint az Achrysocharoides scaposa (Erdős) valamint Populusról eddig, a Nemzetközi Chalcidoidea Adatbázis (Universal Chalcidoidea Database) által még nem regisztrált Zagrammosoma variegatum (Masi) parazitoid fajt is.
2011年至2014年，在匈牙利12个地点收集了1154枚比家鸡(Duponchel)地雷，并将其放入单地雷饲养容器中。共采集寄生蜂标本574份，隶属于寄生蜂科26种，蜂科2种，小蜂科1种。在这些种中，有13种尚未在国际或匈牙利文献中被提及作为P. comparella的寄生蜂。各样点拟寄生物复合体的种类组合差异较大。主要优势种为种类丰富的特生独居外寄生蜂——服务角合寄生蜂(Sympiesis sericeicornis, Nees)。在饲养的物种中，我们发现了一些特殊的寄生蜂，如Achrysocharoides scaposa (Erdős)，甚至还有一些根据世界蚁科数据库(Universal Chalcidoidea Database)在杨树(Zagrammosoma variegatum (Masi))中从未记录的物种。黄杨(alba-n -。[154] Phyllonorycter comparella (Duponchel) levélaknát gyűjtöttünk sams tett nk egyedi nevelsamets2011 -2014 között, 12 Magyarországi helyszínről。1 nevelésből kikelt 574寄生蜂alapján 29 fajt (26 Chalcididae, 2 Encyrtidae, 1 bronidae) siker lt azonosítani。Ezek közül 13 fajt sem a nemzetközi sem a hazai szakirodalom korábbról nem említ, mint a P. comparella parazitoidjait。Különböző mintagyűjtési helyszínek寄生复合体fajegy ttessameten eltsametzek mutatkoztak。A teljes minta elsődleges domináns faja A Sympiesis sericeicornis (Nees)， egygyakori idiobiont szoliter ektopazitoid伏。一个nevelesből kikelt fajok kozott olyan specialista fajokat azonositottunk,薄荷az Achrysocharoides scaposa (Erdős) valamint Populusrol eddig,一个Nemzetkozi小蜂总科Adatbazis(通用小蜂总科数据库)altal梅格nem regisztralt Zagrammosoma variegatum(马西)parazitoid fajt。
{"title":"Parasitoid complex of leaf miner Pyllonorycter comparella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in Hungary","authors":"Levente Szőcs, G. Melika, C. Thuróczy, G. Csóka","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2015-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2015-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Between 2011 and 2014, 1,154 mines of Phyllonorycter comparella (Duponchel) were collected at 12 locations in Hungary and were put into single-mine rearing containers. A total of 574 parasitoid specimens belonging to 29 parasitoid species (26 Chalcididae, 2 Encyrtidae and 1 Braconidae) emerged. Of these species, 13 have not yet been mentioned in either international or in Hungarian literature as a parasitoid of the P. comparella. The species assemblages of the parasitoid complexes varied greatly among the sample sites. The primary dominant species of the total samples was found to be Sympiesis sericeicornis (Nees), an abundant idiobiont solitary ectoparasitoid. Among the species reared, we have found specialist parasitoids such as Achrysocharoides scaposa (Erdős) and even species never recorded from Populus (Zagrammosoma variegatum (Masi)) according to the Universal Chalcidoidea Database. Kivonat A Populus alba-n élő Phyllonorycter comparella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) levélaknázó magyarországi parazitoid együttesei. 1154 Phyllonorycter comparella (Duponchel) levélaknát gyűjtöttünk és tettünk egyedi nevelésbe 2011-2014 között, 12 Magyarországi helyszínről. A nevelésből kikelt 574 parazitoid egyed alapján 29 fajt (26 Chalcididae, 2 Encyrtidae és 1 Braconidae) sikerült azonosítani. Ezek közül 13 fajt sem a nemzetközi sem a hazai szakirodalom korábbról nem említ, mint a P. comparella parazitoidjait. Különböző mintagyűjtési helyszínek parazitoid komplexum fajegyüttesében eltérések mutatkoztak. A teljes minta elsődleges domináns faja a Sympiesis sericeicornis (Nees), egy gyakori idiobiont szoliter ektoparazitoid volt. A nevelésből kikelt fajok között olyan specialista fajokat is azonosítottunk, mint az Achrysocharoides scaposa (Erdős) valamint Populusról eddig, a Nemzetközi Chalcidoidea Adatbázis (Universal Chalcidoidea Database) által még nem regisztrált Zagrammosoma variegatum (Masi) parazitoid fajt is.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"77 1","pages":"91 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90343197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zoltán Vizvár, T. Kiss, K. Máthé, P. Odry, Csaba Vér, F. Divos
Abstract Non-invasive measurement techniques are widely used for the investigation of living tree and wood material. Principles and methods from other fields of science form the basis of these techniques. Electrical impedance measurement, which is adopted mainly from applied geophysics, plays an important role in the investigation of living trees and wood material. Unlike other measurement techniques that provide mainly physical information, electrical impedance measurement is able to gather either physical or chemical information. There are several published accounts of the use of Electrical Impedance Tomography mainly for examining internal decay, estimation of sapwood, and heartwood width. The advantages of the method are its low costs and rapid execution; however, low spatial resolution is still one of the most glaring limits of the method. Use of a new, self-developed, high resolution measurement system provides new opportunities to gain better insights into the characterisation of wood material. As well as high accuracy and resolution, the measurement system is able to operate in a wide frequency range. This expands the examined parameters making it possible to extend the gained information and develop new methods for the investigation of living trees and wood material. The aim of our publication is to introduce some experimental results in the investigation of spatial resolution our system measured on a wooden disc. Kivonat Fakorongok multi-frekvenciás elektromos impedancia mérése. Az előfak es faanyagok vizsgalatahoz kulonboző merestechnikai eljarasokat alkalmaznak. Ezek alapjat elsősorban mas tudomanyteruletekről hozott elvek es modszerek kepezik. Az elektromos ellenallas (impedancia) meres, melyet a geofizikai gyakorlatbol adoptaltak, ezek kozott nem kevesbe fontos szerepet tolt be, ugyanis mig a meresi modszerek tobbsege szerkezeti, fizikai informaciot szolgaltat, addig az elektromos modszerek a fizikai mellett kemiai informacioszerzesre is alkalmasak. Az Elektromos Impedancia Tomografiat tobb izben publikaltak előfak eseteben uregek, illetve szijacs es geszt vastagsag becslesre. Bar a meresi eljaras előnyei koze sorolhato a relativ alacsony koltsegigeny es gyorsasag, osszevetve azonban mas kepalkoto eljarasokkal, a kisebb terbeli felbontas szab hatart az egyes alkalmazasok elterjedesenek. Egy uj, sajat fejlesztesű nagy felbontokepessegű merőeszkoz alkalmazasa uj lehetősegeket nyujthat a felbontas javitasaban es a faanyag jellemzeseben. A merőeszkozre jellemző, hogy a nagy pontossagu es felbontokepessegű mereseket igen szeles frekvencia-tartomanyban kepes kivitelezni. Ez egy uj dimenziot nyit meg az előfa es faanyag vizsgalat modszertanaban, mely egy uj meresi eljaras fejleszteset alapozhatja meg. Jelenlegi publikacionk celja merőeszkozunk terbeli felbontasanak kiserleti ellenőrzese faanyagon.
摘要无创测量技术广泛应用于活树和木材材料的测量。来自其他科学领域的原理和方法构成了这些技术的基础。电阻抗测量主要是应用地球物理学的方法，在活树和木材材料的调查中起着重要的作用。与其他主要提供物理信息的测量技术不同，电阻抗测量能够收集物理或化学信息。有几个发表的使用电阻抗断层扫描主要用于检查内部衰变，估计边材和心材宽度。该方法的优点是成本低，执行速度快;然而，低空间分辨率仍然是该方法最明显的局限性之一。使用一个新的，自主开发的，高分辨率的测量系统提供了新的机会，以获得更好的洞察木材材料的特性。除了高精度和高分辨率外，该测量系统还可以在宽频率范围内工作。这扩大了所检查的参数，从而有可能扩展所获得的信息和开发新的方法来调查活的树木和木材材料。我们的出版物的目的是介绍一些实验结果在空间分辨率的研究我们的系统测量在一个木制的圆盘。Kivonat Fakorongok multi-frekvenciás电阻抗。Az előfak es faanyagok vizsgalatahoz kulonbozz merestechnikai eljarasokat alkmaznak。Ezek alapjat elsősorban mas tudomanyteruletekről hozott elvek es modszerek kepezik。Az elektromos ellenallas(阻抗)meres, melek kozott nem kevesbe fontos szerepet toltalek, ugyanis mimii modszerek tobbsege szerkeeti, fizikai informaciot szolgaltat，添加Az elektromos modszerek和fizikai mellet kemiai informaciozeresre是碱基masak。Az脑电波阻抗断层扫描术(eeg)可用于治疗脑电波阻抗异常előfak，可用于治疗脑电波阻抗异常。Bar a meresi eljaras előnyei koze sorolhato是一个相对的alacsony koltsegigeny es gyorsasag, osszevevve azonban是kepalkoto eljarasokkal，一个kisebb terbeli felbontas szab hatart az egyes alkmazasok elterjedesenek。egyuj, sajat fejlesztesernagy felbontokepessegermerőeszkoz alkmazasa uj lehetősegeket nyujthat felbontas javitasaban是一个faanyagjellemzeseben。一个merőeszkozre jellemzzei，一个nagy pontossagu，一个felbontokepessegei，一个mereseket igen szeles frekvencia-tartomanyban kevitelezni。Ez egy uj dimenziot nyit meg az előfa es faanyag vizsgalat modszertanaban，仅仅egy uj meresi eljaras fejlesztestet alapozhatja meg。Jelenlegi publiclikacionk celja merőeszkozunk terbeli felbontasanak kiserleti ellenőrzese faanyagon。
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Abstract According to Kulczyński (1928), a natural Picea abies forest occurs in the mountain range of the Pieniny Mts on the slopes of the mountain Vysoke skalky. Later, various data on the altitudinal range of this stand (and thus on the locality itself) were published: (1) 890 (900) - 950 m, (2) 1000 - 1050 m or (3) around 1000 m. The aim of the field research was to verify published data on the occurrence of a woodland of Upper Mountain Norway spruce (association Polysticho-Piceetum) in the territory of Vysoke skalky. A field study in the area has revealed that most of published data on the occurrence of the Kulczyński’s Picea woodland are incorrect, as its real upper altitudinal limit reaches ± 940 m. The main result is the confirmation of the real existence of a Vaccinium myrtillus-Homogyne alpina-Picea abies phytocoenosis in the territory of Vysoke skalky. However, tree species other than Picea abies (e.g. Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus) could persist in the special habitat of Kulczyński’s ‘Picea woodland’. The natural vegetation of this place was formed by mixed forest stand. Kivonat A közönséges luc természetes állománya a Pieninekben (Nyugati-Kárpátok). Kulczyński (1928) termeszetes lucos allomany előfordulasat jelezte a Pieninek montan regiojaban (a Vysoke skalky csucs tersegeben). A kesőbbiekben ezen allomany tengerszintfeletti magassagarol (s egyaltalan elhelyezzkedeseről) kulonboző adatokat kozoltek: (1) 890 (900)-950 m, (2) 1000-1050 m vagy (3) 1000 m korul. A terepi kutatasok celja a montan lucfenyves tarsulas (Polysticho-Piceetum) előfordulasanak felulvizsgalata volt a Vysoke skalky tersegeben. A vizsgalatok ravilagitottak arra, hogy a Kulczyński-fele allomanyra vonatkozo adatok tobbsege teves. A felmeres megerősitette egy Vaccinium myrtillus-Homogyne alpina-Picea abies novenykozosseg előfordulasat a teruleten (ennek felső elterjedesi hatara 940 m tszf. m. korul talalhato), azonban sulypontos mas lombos fafajok (pl. Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus) előfordulasa is a tersegben, azaz a termeszetes erdőtarsulas fetetelezhetően egy montan, lombelegyes fenyves lehetett.
根据Kulczyński(1928)的研究，在Vysoke skalky山的山坡上，有一片天然的云杉冷杉林。后来，发表了关于该林分海拔范围(以及该地区本身)的各种数据:(1)890(900)- 950米，(2)1000 - 1050米或(3)1000米左右。实地研究的目的是验证已发表的关于Vysoke skalky境内挪威高山云杉(polystichoo - piceetum协会)林地发生的数据。通过对该地区的实地考察发现，目前发表的Kulczyński云杉林地的发生数据大多不正确，其实际海拔上限为±940 m。主要结果是证实了薇金-同质高山云杉植物群落在薇金-同质高山云杉植物群落的存在。然而，除了云杉以外的树种(如Fagus sylvatica, abies alba, pseudoplatanus)可以在Kulczyński的“云杉林地”的特殊栖息地中生存。这里的天然植被由混交林林分形成。Kivonat A közönséges luc termsaetzállománya A Pieninekben (Nyugati-Kárpátok)。Kulczyński (1928) termeszetes lucos allomany előfordulasat jelezte a Pieninek montan regiojaban (a Vysoke skalky csucs tersegeben)。A kesőbbiekben ezen allomany tengerszintfeletti magassagarol (s egyaltalan elhelyezzkedeseről) kulonbozzoa adatokat kozoltek:(1) 890 (900)-950 m， (2) 1000-1050 m vagy (3) 1000 m korul。A terepi kutatasok celja A montanlucfenyves tarsulas (polystichoo - picetum) előfordulasanak felulvizsgalata volt A Vysoke skalky tersegeben。一个vizsgalatok ravilagitottak arra, hogy一个Kulczyński-fele allomanyra vonatkozo adatek tobbsege teves。[1] [1] [1] [1] [megerősitette] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1]m. korul talalhato)， azonban sulypontos mas lombos fafajok (pl. Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, pseudoplatanus Acer) előfordulasa是一个tersegben, azaz a termeszetes erdőtarsulas fetetelezhetően egy montan, lombelegyes fenyves lehetett。
{"title":"On the Occurrence of Natural Norway Spruce Woodland in the Pieniny Mts (Western Carpathians)","authors":"P. Kučera","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2015-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2015-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to Kulczyński (1928), a natural Picea abies forest occurs in the mountain range of the Pieniny Mts on the slopes of the mountain Vysoke skalky. Later, various data on the altitudinal range of this stand (and thus on the locality itself) were published: (1) 890 (900) - 950 m, (2) 1000 - 1050 m or (3) around 1000 m. The aim of the field research was to verify published data on the occurrence of a woodland of Upper Mountain Norway spruce (association Polysticho-Piceetum) in the territory of Vysoke skalky. A field study in the area has revealed that most of published data on the occurrence of the Kulczyński’s Picea woodland are incorrect, as its real upper altitudinal limit reaches ± 940 m. The main result is the confirmation of the real existence of a Vaccinium myrtillus-Homogyne alpina-Picea abies phytocoenosis in the territory of Vysoke skalky. However, tree species other than Picea abies (e.g. Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus) could persist in the special habitat of Kulczyński’s ‘Picea woodland’. The natural vegetation of this place was formed by mixed forest stand. Kivonat A közönséges luc természetes állománya a Pieninekben (Nyugati-Kárpátok). Kulczyński (1928) termeszetes lucos allomany előfordulasat jelezte a Pieninek montan regiojaban (a Vysoke skalky csucs tersegeben). A kesőbbiekben ezen allomany tengerszintfeletti magassagarol (s egyaltalan elhelyezzkedeseről) kulonboző adatokat kozoltek: (1) 890 (900)-950 m, (2) 1000-1050 m vagy (3) 1000 m korul. A terepi kutatasok celja a montan lucfenyves tarsulas (Polysticho-Piceetum) előfordulasanak felulvizsgalata volt a Vysoke skalky tersegeben. A vizsgalatok ravilagitottak arra, hogy a Kulczyński-fele allomanyra vonatkozo adatok tobbsege teves. A felmeres megerősitette egy Vaccinium myrtillus-Homogyne alpina-Picea abies novenykozosseg előfordulasat a teruleten (ennek felső elterjedesi hatara 940 m tszf. m. korul talalhato), azonban sulypontos mas lombos fafajok (pl. Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus) előfordulasa is a tersegben, azaz a termeszetes erdőtarsulas fetetelezhetően egy montan, lombelegyes fenyves lehetett.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"130 1","pages":"123 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77206573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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