The gulf journal of oncology最新文献

Background: Radiation therapy in Head and neck cancers often leads to xerostomia which often leads to a decline in quality of life. The aim of the study was to compare xerostomia among cancer patients undergoing IMRT and VMAT techniques for head and neck malignancies and follow them up via quality of life assessment.

Methodology: It was a hospital based prospective study with follow up at 0, 3 and 6 months among total 80 patients divided in 2 groups of VMAT and IMRT respectively. Patients were assessed using a quality of life questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS 25.0 Results: It was observed that there was no significant difference between the two groups for xerostomia and quality of life over the follow up period. However, there was improvement of symptoms over time in both groups.

Discussion: Similar results were observed in other international studies as well with respect to the quality of life.

Conclusion: It was found that both technologies were similar when it came to treatment related xerostomia in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies with either technique.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among Emirati women and is the second leading cause of death among women in the UAE. To date, published studies regarding breast cancer in the UAE have investigated a mixed population of different ethnicities with a low percentage of UAE nationals. This is the first study to highlight the clinical and pathological data of a large cohort of exclusively Emirati national breast cancer patients diagnosed at a tertiary care medical facility.

Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study involving breast cancer patients in UAE women who were evaluated and/or treated at the Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi during the period from May 2015 until June 2021.

Results: This study initially included 372 participants. The median age at diagnosis was 48 years (24-86 years) and 12.3% of patients had screening detected tumors. 30% of patients presented with locally advanced disease and 20% had stage IV disease at presentation. 24% were 40 years or younger at the time of diagnosis.

Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date focusing exclusively on the presentation and characteristics of Emirati women with breast cancer. The median age of incidence was 48 years and the percentage of patients diagnosed with breast cancer at age 40 or younger years was 24%. This is an agreement with data published in the Middle East, but is significantly below what is reported in Caucasian women in the Western world. In this study, Emirati patients presented with advanced stages of disease. More advanced disease, and higher stage 4 at presentation is another reflection of the low screening rates, but also an indication of a higher patient thresholds for reporting breast health concerns to medical professionals for evaluation.

Conclusion: Findings of our study do suggest the need to focus efforts on continuing to understand the exact presentation of breast cancer among Emirati women and underscore the need to pursue efforts to improve public education, increase screening utilization and early detection to reduce the burden of disease and address an essential health care need for this unique population.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery is a well-known and influential management option for meningioma. This article aims to highlight the most cited publications on this topic.

Methods: All Scopus articles published in English under Stereotactic radiosurgery and meningioma were sorted according to the number of citations. The keywords used were: "Stereotactic radiosurgery, SRS, Meningioma, Intracranial meningioma". The top 100 cited articles meeting the criteria were included. Certain features of these articles were collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS.

Results: The included articles were published between 1991 and 2020 with a total of 9149 citations. The most cited article is "Meningiomas: Knowledge base, treatment outcomes, and uncertainties. A RANO review" by Rogers L. et al. 2015 with 349 citations. No significant association was found between the number of citations and the impact factor of the publishing journal.

Conclusion: This study gives a concise and updated summary of impactful research on stereotactic radiosurgery and meningioma, highlighting the main contributors and scientific connections.

Introduction or background: Clear cell meningioma is a rare WHO grade 2 tumour and runs an aggressive course. Tyrosine crystals are very uncommon in meningioma.

Case presentation: We present a case of a 43-year female with right middle and posterior cranial fossa space occupying lesion (SOL) diagnosed as clear cell meningioma with presence of numerous tyrosine crystals.

Discussion and conclusion: Whether these crystals are incidentally noted or if there is an actual relationship of these crystals with tumour environment must be found as they are seen in many other conditions too.

Introduction: We assessed the effectiveness of URS-SM procedure for ureteral stones located in different parts of ureter and to determine outcomes in terms of success rate, complications, and operation time.

Methods: After obtaining approval of the Institutional Clinical Board of urology, we reviewed data of consecutive 102 patients treated at our Urology Department with URSSM procedure in cohort study January 2023-May 2023.

Results: There were 44 (43,2%) men and 58 (56,8%) women with a mean age of 43.7 (range 7-78) years old. Most patients had stone on left side 46 ptts (52%), 39 ptts. on right side (38,2%) and on both sides in 10 ptts. (9.8%). The overall success rate after session of URSSMs was 87,3%. Postoperative complications we had only in one case, urosepsis in a diabetic old man (75 years). Operation time was 36 (± 13) min.

Conclusions: The URS-SM procedure is an effective treatment with a low rate of complications. Keyword: URS-SM, ureter stones, pneumatic device.

Introduction: Scrotal cancer is a very rare disease, with the most common subtype being squamous cell carcinoma. Metastatic carcinoma to the scrotal wall is very rare. A histological finding of adenocarcinoma in a scrotal malignancy invariably suggests a metastasis from another primary cancer. We describe an enigmatic case of metastatic adenocarcinoma to the scrotum managed as metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. Attempts to identify a primary cancer were complicated by ambiguous diagnostic results. This is the first case in literature of metastatic cancer to the scrotum from an adenocarcinoma of unknown origin, and this was complicated by concurrent extramammary Paget's disease.

Case presentation: A 70-year-old male presented with painless progressive scrotal skin swelling, which was shown on histology to be adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed prostatic lineage markers. However, the argument for a prostatic primary was weakened by negative prostate transrectal ultrasound biopsy findings and negative radiological findings. The scrotal metastatic adenocarcinoma was managed as metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. A differential of occult poorly differentiated prostatic primary was considered in view of the clinical phenotype of an elderly male patient with extensive sclerotic bony metastases, immunohistochemistry results and relatively low PSA level in relation to systemic burden of disease. The patient was managed with palliative systemic chemotherapy (carboplatin/paclitaxel) with initial disease response, but eventually developed progressive disease.

Discussion and conclusion: Finding of adenocarcinoma in scrotal skin malignancy indicates a metastasis and should prompt further work-up to identify a primary cancer, particularly of other genitourinary or lower gastrointestinal origin, so that treatment can be targeted at the underlying primary malignancy. However, attempts to identify a primary cancer might be complicated by ambiguous diagnostic results.

Introduction: 85-90% of local recurrences after breastconserving surgery occurs within the index quadrant. Intraoperative radiotherapy may be a good alternative for eligible patients avoiding long course of adjuvant radiation.

Patients and methods: Eligible patients were early stage node negative at least 50 years at time of inclusion, unicentric less than 30mm in diameter any hormone receptor status. 21 Gy was delivered intraoperatively, biologically equivalent to 58 to 60 Gy in standard fractionation using electron beam to 90% isodose line. Cosmetic, Oncological and Patient Satisfaction Evaluation of treated Patients between March 2018 and August 2020 at the King Khalid university hospital, using the IOeRT (Mobetron® ). Evaluation done at a combined clinic between surgical and radiation oncology teams at the end of the follow up period before publication.

Results: 15 female patients were evaluable with mean follow up period 33.8 months (19-48 months). Mean Age 56.4 years (50-65 years). Mean tumor size 1.213 cm. Majority of patients were T1. 2 patients showed Sentinel lymph node positive.21 Gy was delivered intraoperatively.4 Patients (26.7%) received adjuvant postoperative external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). 2 patients due to being in Caution group due to positive extensive Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). External beam radiation was 40 Gy/15 fractions/3 weeks using three dimensional radiation therapy (3DCRT). Cosmetically, Apart from one patient score 9 due to presence of keloid scar formation, most patients were in range of 0-3 according to physician evaluation and Modified Hollander's score otherwise, No more than score 3 in any of the patients was detected. Oncologically, Till the time of publication no local or distant relapses was detected. As a patient experience, 100 % of patients were satisfied.

Conclusion: Breast IOERT is a convenient, safe and a valid treatment modality as an option for patients who are otherwise appropriate candidates for APBI. Proper patient selection should focus on clinicopathologic factors predictive of negative nodes and negative margins. Careful assessment of preoperative mammographic and other imaging studies for features, such as extent of calcifications, may be helpful.

Introduction: The triple assessment, which combines a clinical examination, radiological imaging, and pathology, is used to assess the breast mass. The open excision of the suspicious lesion is the gold standard for breast biopsy techniques. However, because an excisional biopsy always results in a scar, many surgeons are considering less invasive, alternative methods due to the cost and morbidity of this operation. Image-guided percutaneous core-needle biopsy has recently gained popularity in identifying palpable and non-palpable breast lesions. Vacuum- assisted breast biopsy (VABB) was created to address some of these limitations of core-needle biopsy.

Methodology: We performed a retrospective review of 38 patients who underwent VABB.To Report the recurrence one-year post-VABB for management of benign breast masses and To evaluate patient-reported cosmetic satisfaction using the cosmetic scale.

Results: The mean age of the study participants was about 30.34 (±10.11) years. The average size of breast masses was 1.23 (±0.83) cm. The recurrence rate was 13.16%, confirmed by follow up ultrasound and all these patients underwent excisional biopsy. There were significant differences in breast mass recurrence rate by the side affected. Recurrence was more likely in right-sided breast masses (P=0.048).In our study, no significant relationships between the occurrence of complications following surgery and patients 'demographics and mass features and no infection were reported. The hematoma was reported in 2 patients 5.26 %, Mild induration at the site of surgery 2 patients 5.26 %, Small contusion at the site of surgery in one patient 2.63 % and no other complication was reported. The patient's cosmetic satisfaction using the cosmetic scale from 1-5,1: not satisfied,2:low satisfaction,3:mild satisfaction,4:moderate satisfaction,5; completely satisfied, The mean cosmetic score was 4.03.

Conclusion: Our study concluded that VABB is reliable for removing small benign breast masses with a satisfying cosmetic outcome &low recurrence rate, and fewer complications.

The treatment of cancer has evolved as our understanding of the underlying biological processes has improved. Yet, the efficient delivery of cancer therapeutics remains a major challenge in the filed necessitating a multidisciplinary approach that integrates knowledge obtained from diverse fields, such as chemistry, biology, engineering, and medicine. Cancer treatment aims to remove all or most of the tumor as possible and to prevent the recurrence or spread of the primary tumor. Cancer treatment involves a careful examination of the available options, which may include a combination of the major treatment methods, such as surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. The type of therapy chosen depends on several factors, such as the location, grade, and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's performance status. As new knowledge about cancer biology becomes available, treatments will be developed and modified in the pursuit of cancer cures to improve efficacy, precision, survivability, and quality of life. The main objective of this review is to expand our understanding of the early development of commonly applied cancer treatment strategies: surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Keywords: Chemotherapy; Radiotherapy; Surgery; Therapy; Tumor.

Aim: The study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf extract gel (2%) & Retino A cream (0.1%) in reducing the size of lesions in oral leukoplakia.

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two interventions, Moringa oleifera mucoadhesive gel and Retino-A cream, in reducing the size of lesions in patients with oral leukoplakia. Specifically, the objectives were: (1) to assess the efficacy of Moringa oleifera mucoadhesive gel in determining the reduction in lesion size, (2) to assess the efficacy of Retino-A cream in determining the reduction in lesion size, and (3) to compare the efficacy of Moringa oleifera mucoadhesive gel (2%) in determining the change in lesion size in oral leukoplakia patients.

Methods: Clinically diagnosed cases of oral Leukoplakia were included in this study. The sample size is 72. Thirty-six patients had lesion sizes ranging from 2- 4 cm, and 36 patients had lesion sizes ranging from 4.1 - 6 cm that were equally distributed in the case and control groups using the chit system. The case and control groups had 36 patients with an equal size range of lesions. The case and control group participants will be advised topical application of the intervention and Retino-A thrice daily using a sterile cotton bud.

Results: M. oleifera gel (2%) was found to be more effective in the reduction in the size of the lesion as compared to Retino-A in the treatment of oral leukoplakia patients.

Conclusion: This study showed that M. oleifera mucoadhesive gel (2%) is an effective and safe treatment option for oral leukoplakia patients. It demonstrated a significant reduction in lesion size compared to Retino-A cream (0.1%) after 3 months of therapy, without any reported adverse effects. However, long-term follow-up studies are needed to evaluate its long-term effectiveness. The potent antioxidant property of M. oleifera makes it a promising candidate for further studies with concentration variations and in other potentially malignant oral disorders, such as lichen planus and OSMF. The development of chemotherapeutic drugs from M. oleifera for cancer treatment should also be considered. Overall, M. oleifera appears to be a promising natural alternative to synthetic drugs for the treatment of oral leukoplakia.

Key words: Leukoplakia, Oral leukoplakia, premalignant lesion, precancer, potentially malignant disorders.