Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya最新文献

The publication is concerned with development of the technological processes for submered production of the first domestic antibiotics 70 years age. The literature data on the contribution of the microbiologists of the Kirov City and mainly the workers of the Red Army Research Institute of Epidemiology and Hygiene (nowadays Central Research Institute No. 48 of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Kirov), to development of the manufacture processes for production of penicillin and streptomycin are reviewed.

The effect of Hypecoum erectum L. extract on the morphofunctional condition of the liver in rats with experimental tetracycline-associated hepatitis was studied. The experiment included 40 albino rats Wistar. The animals treated with tetracycline hydrochloride (1.0 g/kg body weight) were exposed to the extract in a dose of 50 mg/kg for 5 days. On the 7th day of the experiment the following indices were determined: malonic dialdehyde concentration, catalase activity, the levels of ATP, pyruvate and lactate in the liver homogenate, as well as the blood levels of reduced glutathione. The liver pathomorphological investigation was applied. The H. erectum extract was shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation, to increase the activity of the host endogenous antioxidant system, to normalize the hepatocyte energy provision and to limit the liver degeneration.

Fifty five premature infants with very low body weight were observed as inpatients to assess effectiveness of the nursing. The standard program of the care included: adequate primary resuscitation, respiratory support (use of surfactant), thermal mode, early provision of nutrients with full or partial parenteral nutrition, antimicrobial therapy and if possible early enteral nutrition. The patients of the main group (n = 29) along with the standard therapy (the volume of the enteral nutrition of 5 ml or more) were treated orally with liquid probiotic based on E. faecium L3 in a dose of 0.5 ml (5 x 10(8) CFU) 3 times a day for 14 days. The control group (n = 26) was under the standard therapy. The effectiveness of the infants management was estimated by the frequency of disruption of the nutrition, the frequency of infectious complications, the changes in the hematologic indices, the dynamics of the composition of the intestinal microflora. The infectious complications were evident from perinatal viral infection, intraamniotic infection, necrotizing enterocolitis. In the main group patients there was recorded a significant decrease of the frequency of infectious complications: 20.7% against 53.9% in the control group patients. The use of probiotic strain E. faecium L3 in the preterm infants promoted conservation of the immunomodulatory function of the intestinal indigenic microflora and restricted the growth of the nosocomial flora.

Two main groups of the Russian etiotropic drugs recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for prophylaxis or treatment of influenza are described in the review, i.e. chemotherapeutics whose targets are various stages of the influenza virus reproduction and interferons and their inductors engaging innate immunity patterns.

The use of immunodepressants in the medical practice provided tens of thousands of favourable outcomes of the liver, kidney or heart transplantation and significant success in the treatment of a number of autoimmune diseases. Calcineurine inhibitors (cyclosporine A and tacrolimus) provoke a number of adverse reactions. Among them nephrotoxicity is clinically most dangerous. Complex estimation of the immunological and biochemical indices in the treatment with calcineurine inhibitors is an important precondition for increasing the efficacy of immunodepressive therapy and decreasing the frequency and level of the adverse reactions.

Pneumonia often occurs as a secondary infection after influenza and accounts for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality associated with seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks. The efficacy of umifenovir (Arbidol) was investigated on a murine model of S. aureus pneumonia following A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) influenza virusinfection. Oral treatment with umifenovir (40 and 60 mg/kg/day) in all the contamination schemes increased the survival rate in the mice from 0% to 90% and lowered the animal weight loss. The umifenovir treatment also decreased the virus titer by ≥ 2 logs and the viable bacteria counts in the lungs of the mice. The lungs of the mice treated with umifenovir had less severe histopathologic lesions compared to the control group.

Rheological properties of mild pharmaceutical formulations (creams) with glucocorticosteroids, such as Triderm (Belgium), Akriderm GK (Russia) and Kanizon plus (India) were studied. The study revealed differences in the structural-strength properties of the medicines (viscosity, critical shear stress). The necessity of rheological investigations during development of generic medicines was shown.

The earliest eight clinical strains of Pseudomonas fulva were identified in the culture collection of pseudomonads isolated in St. Petersburg in 1995-2005, that confirmed the medical importance of the species. A high level of the species identification of all the strains of P. fulva by MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry with the use of Microflex device with database MALDI Biotyper (Bruker Daltonics Inc.) was shown. Tests for routine studies providing identification of P. fulva without the use of genetic methods were approved. The profile of the antibiotic susceptibility of the clinical strains of P. fulva was described. Acquired resistance of two P. fulva isolates to the 3rd generation cephalosporins and chloramphenicol was detected.

Molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) for macrolides, aminoglycosides and some other biosynthetic antibiotics described in the literature were analysed with a purpose of evaluating their possible use for the antibiotics sorption.

It was thought that antibiotics should be produced by soil microorganisms to inhibit the growth of competitors in natural habitats. Yet it has been shown that antibiotics at subinhibitory concentrations may have a role as signalling molecules providing cell-to-cell communication in bacteria in the environment. Antibiotics modulate gene transcription and regulate gene expression in microbial populations. Subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics may cause a number of phenotypic and genotypic changes in microorganisms. These transcription changes are dependent on the interaction of antibiotics with macromolecular receptors such as ribosome or RNA-polymerase. Antibiotic signalling and quorum-sensing system are important regulatory mechanisms in bacteria. It was demonstrated that antibiotics interfered with quorum-sensing system.