Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya最新文献

The review considers potential opportunities of certain antioxidants as antiviral agents for flavivirus infections. Currently flavivirus infections represent a significant public health problem for various regions of the world, since they result in high morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress induced by viruses, including the flaviviruses, not only interferes with the body's important metabolic processes, but also regulates replication of the virus. A broad spectrum of antiviral activity of the natural phenolic antioxidants, i.e. rosmarinic acid and luteolin as components of the polyphenol complex isolated from the seagrass family Zsteraceae is decribed. The antiviral activity of rosmarinic acid and luteolin is shown to be due to their high antioxidant, antiinflammatory and neuroprotective potential. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the activity of the polyphenol complex and its components against the tickborne encephalitis virus. The antiviral properties of the compounds with a broad spectrum of the biological action provide an oppor- tunity to consider them as promising candidates for combined therapy of tick-borne encephalitis.

Objective: Estimation of microbiocenosis of lower and upper genital tract in different morphological forms of chronic endometritis and endometrial polyps.

Material and methods: Histological examination of endometrial aspirates and microview of the lower and upper genital tract in 164 women of reproductive age with different character of menstrual and reproductive history.

Results: The risk of endometrial colonization in, disturbance microecology of the vagina is 3.5 times higher than that, in patients with normosenosis (p<0.01, OP=3.5 [95%. CI 1.63-8.11]).

Conclusion: The microbiological diagnosis can be considered as a component of comprehensive diagnostics necessary to choose the appropriate management of patients with CE and PE.

The aim of the study was to evaluate antitumor and antioxidant properties of water-soluble polysaccharides from submerged myceliumn of Flammulina velutipes grown under optimized conditions. The optimization of the nutrient medium composition allowed to increase the biomass yield by more than 2 times (up to 35 g/l) and to reduce the time of the cultivation process. The submerged mycelium of F.velutipes strain Fv-1 contained 14.8% of a water-soluble polysaccharides, 31.6% of proteins, 2.5% of total lipids, vitamins B (B1, B5, B6). The polysaccharides contained glucose, galactose, fucose, mannose, xylose, rhamnose. The proteins contained all the essential amino acids except for tryptophan. Dry powder of the submerged mycelium, water extract of the mycelium and total fraction of the water-soluble polysaccharides demonstrated the antitumor activity against murine lymphocytic leukemia P 388 in vivo. The antitumor activity of the substances was mainly due to the polysaccharides, since their purification increased the tumor growth inhibition. The maximum tumor growth inhibition by the water-soluble polysaccharides amounted to 94%. The total fraction of the water-soluble polysaccharides from F.velutipes strain Fv-1 demonstrated antioxidant activity. The antioxidant capacity (AOC) of the water-soluble fraction from F.velutipes was higher than that of the water-soluble polysaccharides from the sub- merged mycelium of Grifolafrondosa, but inferior to the AOC of the water-soluble polysaccharides from the submerged mycelium of Ganoderma luciduma.

Bioinformatic analysis of the data on the genome sequencing of the isolates of the Streptococcuspneumoniae clonal complex SS320 from the Russian Federation, as well as the data on SS320 isolates from public sources in the penicillin resistant isolates resulted in detection of 139 missense mutations in 45 genes. In addition to the mutations in the genes of the main penicillin-binding proteins (PSB - PBP1A, PBP2B and PBP2X) there was detected high frequency of mutations in the genes of the (division and cell wall) dcw-cluster, as well as in RegR protein belonging to the transcription regulators of the LacI/GaIR family. Development of resistance to beta-lactams in S.pneumoniae is defined not only by modification of the PSB, but also by adaptive changes in the metabolic pathways involved in the bacterial cell growth and division.

The results of the systemic antimicrobials (AM) consumption and expenditures assessment in the departments of surgery of multi-profile hospitals in different regions of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in 2009-2010 based on retrospective collection and analysis of the data from the hospital expenditure notes using ATC/DDD methodology are presented. The average AM consumption and expenditure rates in the above mentioned departments varied from 24.9 DDD/100 bed-days to 61.7 DDD/100 bed-days depending on the department profile, with beta-lactams (cephalosporins and penicillins) share in the consumption being as high as 70-90%, followed by fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. Only 55-70% of the consumed AM belonged to the drugs of choice, whereas the improper AM consumption and expenditure rates amounted up to 10-18%. The study outputs can be used for the budget allocation and AM distribution improvement in the departments of surgery, as well as for the development and efficacy control of the local antimicrobial stewardship programs.

An actual problem of analysis of probiotic lactobacilli resistance to antibiotics and other drugs used in the treatment of gastro-intestinal disturbances has been for the first time solved. The levels of resistance of 19 strains of Lactobacillus (14 strains of L. fermentum, 4 strains of L.plantarum and 1 strain of L.rhamnosus) isolated from commercial probiotics and sour milk products to 14 antibiotics of various nature, i.e. β-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, clindamycin, vancomycin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol were determined. All the isolates were practically susceptible to the drugs of the first line antihelicobacterial therapy, i.e. amoxicillin and clarithromycin, that makes inexpedient the parallel use of the probiotics containing the above lactobacilli in the treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcer, despite the lactobacilli antagonism with respect to Helicobacter pylory. Lactobacilli are as well resistant to mesalazin and can be used for correction of dysbiosis in inflammatory affections of the intestine.

Streptomycetes, soil-dwelling mycelial bacteria, can form biofilms as indigenous components of the environment. The biofilms formed by streptomycetes exist in different ecological niches, in natural, medical, industrial environments. The biofilm-forming streptomycetes affect water quality, human health, associate with deterioration of artworks and historical monuments. The review should be of interest for researchers of the biofilm mode of streptomycetes growth.

At present endoprosthetics of the joints is considered as a progressive and ever developing method in the surgical treatment of patients with affection of the locomotor system of any genesis. Hence, increasing of the number of endoprosthetic results in increasing of the number of patients with periprosthetic infection. Polymorphism of the clinical picture and inspecificity of the diagnostic tests often cause a delay in the diagnosis of the joint prosthetic infection (JPI) and consequently the late treatment. The contemporary data on the etiology, epidemiology, clinical picture and diagnosis of JPI are presented. The importance of cooperated treatment of JPI, i.e. combination of the surgical management and etiotropic antibacterial therapy is indicated. The choice of the concrete treatment method is defined by the patient state, comorbid pathology, the infection severity and duration.

The effect of two antiseptics, i. e. chlorhexidine bigluconate 0.5% solution and Prontosan on dual species and monospecies biofilms formed in vitro by the reference strains P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and S. aureus ATCC 29213 was examined. It was demonstrated by atomic force microscopy that under the biocide action there occurred phenotype changes of the structural organization of the bacterial biofilms and morphology of the sessile cells: the cocci were lesser in diameter and the rods were reduced. A reliable change of linear cell sizes was accompanied by increase of their roughness (Sq) that was more pronounced for Prontosan. When assessing the cell viability it was found that Prontosan inhibited the bacterial viability in mixed and monospecies biofilms formed on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic abiotic surfaces. In the latter case the biofilm biomass (determined by crystal violet assay) lowered in all the variants of the experiment.

The influence of the rate of administration was examined during the test "Abnormal toxicity" on the quality control of ceftriaxone in a comparative experimental study on the basis of the methodologies Rus. Ph. XII and Eur. Ph. Recommendations are issued for conducting study entitled "Abnormal toxicity" for the formulations of ceftriaxone.