Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-55-61
I. I. Temirbulatov, A. V. Kryukov, K. B. Mirzaev, N. P. Denisenko, S. P. Abdullaev, A. V. Petrova, E. P. Tkach, A. V. Shipacheva, D. A. Sychev
The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations of different variants of AOX1 and CYP1A2 genes with safety parameters of favipiravir therapy in patients with COVID-19. Material and Methods. The study included 86 patients hospitalized at Moscow Clinical Hospital No. 15 with a COVID-19 diagnosis who received favipiravir as etiotropic therapy. Frequency of adverse reactions (bradycardia, dyspeptic disorders, increased transaminase levels) and various laboratory parameters (levels of ALT, AST, leukocytes) were compared between the carriers of «wild» and polymorphic variants of the genes studied after administration of the drug. The dynamics of these indicators before and after the therapy depending on the carriage of the variants of the genes studied were also compared. Results. There was no significant difference in the frequency of ad- verse reactions and laboratory parameters between the carriers of various variants of the studied genes. Haplotype analysis of the combination of different gene variants also did not reveal associations with therapy safety parameters. Upon the comparison of the parameters before and after treatment, an increase in the level of AST was noted in carriers of the AA genotype for both studied loci of the AOX1 gene (P=0.018 и P=0.009). At the same time, the level of AST increased in carriers of polymorphic variants of the CYP1A2*F1 gene (P=0.024). Leukocyte number increase was noted in carriers of polymorphic variants of AOX1 (rs10931910) (P=0.044), as well as «wild» genotypes AOX1 (rs55754655) (P=0.002) and CYP1A2*F1 (P=0.05). Conclusion. The associations of carriers of different AOX1 and CYP1A2 gene variants on the dynamics of AST and leukocytes in patients with COVID-19 after favipiravir therapy were revealed.
{"title":"Pharmacogenetic Markers of Favipiravir Safety in COVID-19 Treatment","authors":"I. I. Temirbulatov, A. V. Kryukov, K. B. Mirzaev, N. P. Denisenko, S. P. Abdullaev, A. V. Petrova, E. P. Tkach, A. V. Shipacheva, D. A. Sychev","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-55-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-55-61","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations of different variants of AOX1 and CYP1A2 genes with safety parameters of favipiravir therapy in patients with COVID-19. Material and Methods. The study included 86 patients hospitalized at Moscow Clinical Hospital No. 15 with a COVID-19 diagnosis who received favipiravir as etiotropic therapy. Frequency of adverse reactions (bradycardia, dyspeptic disorders, increased transaminase levels) and various laboratory parameters (levels of ALT, AST, leukocytes) were compared between the carriers of «wild» and polymorphic variants of the genes studied after administration of the drug. The dynamics of these indicators before and after the therapy depending on the carriage of the variants of the genes studied were also compared. Results. There was no significant difference in the frequency of ad- verse reactions and laboratory parameters between the carriers of various variants of the studied genes. Haplotype analysis of the combination of different gene variants also did not reveal associations with therapy safety parameters. Upon the comparison of the parameters before and after treatment, an increase in the level of AST was noted in carriers of the AA genotype for both studied loci of the AOX1 gene (P=0.018 и P=0.009). At the same time, the level of AST increased in carriers of polymorphic variants of the CYP1A2*F1 gene (P=0.024). Leukocyte number increase was noted in carriers of polymorphic variants of AOX1 (rs10931910) (P=0.044), as well as «wild» genotypes AOX1 (rs55754655) (P=0.002) and CYP1A2*F1 (P=0.05). Conclusion. The associations of carriers of different AOX1 and CYP1A2 gene variants on the dynamics of AST and leukocytes in patients with COVID-19 after favipiravir therapy were revealed.","PeriodicalId":53646,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya","volume":"51 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-39-48
M. A. Maistrenko, E. N. Yakusheva, D. S. Titov
Antibiotic resistance is a global health problem. Its solution requires concerted efforts on the scale of global cooperation. Programs to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance, as well as to stimulate the development of new drugs with antimicrobial activity are implemented in a lot of countries. The use of antibacterial drugs, including inappropriate use, has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may contribute to the growth of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study is to assess the measures aimed at combating the growing antibiotic resistance in the world, analyze the market of antimicrobial drugs in the Russian Federation, as well as collect and process information on the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms that cause infectious diseases that develop against the backdrop of COVID-19. The analysis of the state register of the Russian Federation for antibacterial drugs was carried out. Mathematical and statistical processing of antibiotic resistance was performed according to the data of the European Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases for Klebsiella pneumonia in relation to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, third-generation cephalosporins, as well as combined resistance to these antibacterial drugs over the past sixteen years.
{"title":"Analysis of The Antibiotic Resistance Problem","authors":"M. A. Maistrenko, E. N. Yakusheva, D. S. Titov","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-39-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-39-48","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance is a global health problem. Its solution requires concerted efforts on the scale of global cooperation. Programs to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance, as well as to stimulate the development of new drugs with antimicrobial activity are implemented in a lot of countries. The use of antibacterial drugs, including inappropriate use, has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may contribute to the growth of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study is to assess the measures aimed at combating the growing antibiotic resistance in the world, analyze the market of antimicrobial drugs in the Russian Federation, as well as collect and process information on the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms that cause infectious diseases that develop against the backdrop of COVID-19. The analysis of the state register of the Russian Federation for antibacterial drugs was carried out. Mathematical and statistical processing of antibiotic resistance was performed according to the data of the European Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases for Klebsiella pneumonia in relation to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, third-generation cephalosporins, as well as combined resistance to these antibacterial drugs over the past sixteen years.","PeriodicalId":53646,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya","volume":"34 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135367255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-33-38
O. N. Antosyuk, A. V. Gorskaya, D. V. Petrovskii, T. D. Dubatolova
The paper presents the results of evaluating the genetic and cytogenetic toxicity of etoposide, as well as the evaluation results of protective properties of aspirin against the toxicity of etoposide in C57Bl/6J mice. The cytogenetic activity and protective properties assessment was carried out using the chromosome aberration analysis in metaphase cells. Etoposide was tested at a concentration of 15 and 3 mg/kg and aspirin — at a concentration of 25 mg/kg of the animal. The results of metaphase analysis showed that etoposide exhibits cytogenetic toxicity in both doses, and aspirin exhibits protective properties against the toxicity of etoposide at a concentration of 15 mg/kg. The results of chromosome analysis regarding the protective properties of aspirin against etoposide at a concentration of 3 mg/kg are ambiguous and require further experiments.
{"title":"Study of the Toxic Manifestation of Etoposide the Concomitant Exposure of Acetyl Salicylic Acid As a Protector on the Example of C57Bl/6J Mice Line","authors":"O. N. Antosyuk, A. V. Gorskaya, D. V. Petrovskii, T. D. Dubatolova","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-33-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-33-38","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of evaluating the genetic and cytogenetic toxicity of etoposide, as well as the evaluation results of protective properties of aspirin against the toxicity of etoposide in C57Bl/6J mice. The cytogenetic activity and protective properties assessment was carried out using the chromosome aberration analysis in metaphase cells. Etoposide was tested at a concentration of 15 and 3 mg/kg and aspirin — at a concentration of 25 mg/kg of the animal. The results of metaphase analysis showed that etoposide exhibits cytogenetic toxicity in both doses, and aspirin exhibits protective properties against the toxicity of etoposide at a concentration of 15 mg/kg. The results of chromosome analysis regarding the protective properties of aspirin against etoposide at a concentration of 3 mg/kg are ambiguous and require further experiments.","PeriodicalId":53646,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya","volume":"10 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-62-68
Y. M. Gomon, A. A. Kolbin, D. S. Budanov
The aim of the study is the assessment of the resistance levels dynamics in clinically significant infectious agents based on the consumption dynamics of antimicrobial drugs potentially effective against bacteria with acquired drug resistance in the hospitals of the Russian Federation during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022) in comparison with 2019. Material and methods . Data on antimicrobial drugs used in the Russian Federation in the period 2019–2022 in the hospital segment were downloaded from the database provided by the analytical company AlphaRM. Calculation of the indicator «Frequency of prescribing antimicrobial drugs effective against multidrug-resistant pathogens per year» in each year of observation was performed. Results . During the COVID-19 pandemic, an almost twofold increase was registered in the frequency of prescribing antimicrobial drugs potentially effective against resistant strains of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens in the hospital segment: from 1.2 in 2019 to 2% in 2021; with a subsequent decrease to 1.92% in 2022 for antimicrobial drugs effective against Gram-negative pathogens; from 0.47 in 2019 to 1.17% in 2022 for antimicrobial drugs potentially effective against Gram-positive pathogens. Conclusions. Due to the fact that the appointment of antimicrobial drugs, potentially effective against resistant strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, is carried out not only in cases of confirmed bacterial infections, but also empirically, and taking into account the nosocomial nature of secondary bacterial infections, further epidemiological and pharmacoepidemiological studies are required to assess the contribution of excessive consumption of antimicrobial drugs in the escalation of the problem of bacterial resistance.
{"title":"Dynamics of Reserve Antimicrobial Drug Consumption in Russian Hospitals: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Y. M. Gomon, A. A. Kolbin, D. S. Budanov","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-62-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-62-68","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is the assessment of the resistance levels dynamics in clinically significant infectious agents based on the consumption dynamics of antimicrobial drugs potentially effective against bacteria with acquired drug resistance in the hospitals of the Russian Federation during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022) in comparison with 2019. Material and methods . Data on antimicrobial drugs used in the Russian Federation in the period 2019–2022 in the hospital segment were downloaded from the database provided by the analytical company AlphaRM. Calculation of the indicator «Frequency of prescribing antimicrobial drugs effective against multidrug-resistant pathogens per year» in each year of observation was performed. Results . During the COVID-19 pandemic, an almost twofold increase was registered in the frequency of prescribing antimicrobial drugs potentially effective against resistant strains of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens in the hospital segment: from 1.2 in 2019 to 2% in 2021; with a subsequent decrease to 1.92% in 2022 for antimicrobial drugs effective against Gram-negative pathogens; from 0.47 in 2019 to 1.17% in 2022 for antimicrobial drugs potentially effective against Gram-positive pathogens. Conclusions. Due to the fact that the appointment of antimicrobial drugs, potentially effective against resistant strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, is carried out not only in cases of confirmed bacterial infections, but also empirically, and taking into account the nosocomial nature of secondary bacterial infections, further epidemiological and pharmacoepidemiological studies are required to assess the contribution of excessive consumption of antimicrobial drugs in the escalation of the problem of bacterial resistance.","PeriodicalId":53646,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya","volume":"4 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-77-84
B. S. Belov, N. V. Muravyeva
The review presents the recommendations of the American College of Rheumatology on vaccination of patients with rheumatic diseases. The indications for vaccination against major infections and the tactics of immunization with inactivated vaccines are highlighted. The possibility of safe vaccination with any disease activity and simultaneous administration of several vaccines is emphasized. The conditions of immunization with live attenuated vaccines are considered. The principles of vaccination of children born to mothers treated with biological drugs, as well as recommendations for the contacts of rheumatological patients with vaccinated population are reflected. Emphasis is placed on the need for joint decision-making by the rheumatologist and the patient.
{"title":"Modern Ideas about Vaccination of Patients with Rheumatic Diseases: the View of ACR Experts","authors":"B. S. Belov, N. V. Muravyeva","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-77-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-77-84","url":null,"abstract":"The review presents the recommendations of the American College of Rheumatology on vaccination of patients with rheumatic diseases. The indications for vaccination against major infections and the tactics of immunization with inactivated vaccines are highlighted. The possibility of safe vaccination with any disease activity and simultaneous administration of several vaccines is emphasized. The conditions of immunization with live attenuated vaccines are considered. The principles of vaccination of children born to mothers treated with biological drugs, as well as recommendations for the contacts of rheumatological patients with vaccinated population are reflected. Emphasis is placed on the need for joint decision-making by the rheumatologist and the patient.","PeriodicalId":53646,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya","volume":"23 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-49-54
M. M. Khaydarov, A. L. Kovalenko, A. Yu. Petrov, N. T. Khaidarova
With the help of literature data, the effectiveness of Cytoflavin inclusion in the treatment regimens for patients with psoriasis, microbial eczema, and rosacea in the period of exacerbation was analyzed based on the assessment of subjective and objective data of the DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index), WAM (Well-being, Activity, Mood), DISS (Dermatological Index of the Symptom Scale). It was revealed that, according to the results of testing before the start of treatment, all patients had mental disorders, which manifested in an increase in indicators on the DLQI and DISS scales and a decrease on the WAM scale. The reduction of clinical manifestations and the decrease in DISS (by 86.0%, (P≤0.05) for rosacea, by 83.0% (P≤0.01) for eczema) was found to be more pronounced after a course of therapy with the inclusion of Cytoflavin (2 tablets 2 times a day 30 minutes before meals, course — 25 days), compared with standard therapy. This had a positive effect on well-being (the value of the indicator increased by 63,9% for rosacea, by 66,0% for eczema, and 27.8% for psoriasis), activity (56,1% for rosacea, 66.1 % for eczema, and 22.1% for psoriasis), mood (51,9% for rosacea, 54.3% for eczema, and 23.7% for psoriasis), and improved quality of life: indicator DLQI decreased by 42,9% in rosacea, 62.4% in eczema, and 61.5% in psoriasis. Thus, the analysis of literature data made it possible to confirm that the inclusion of Cytoflavin in the treatment regimens for patients with the above-mentioned skin pathologies, comorbid with mental disorders, improves the effectiveness of basic therapy, which is manifested by a faster and more pronounced reduction in clinical manifestations and an increase in the quality of life of patients.
{"title":"Rationality of Cytoflavin Inclusion in the Treatment of Patients with Dermatological Pathology Comorbid with Mental Disorders","authors":"M. M. Khaydarov, A. L. Kovalenko, A. Yu. Petrov, N. T. Khaidarova","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-49-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-49-54","url":null,"abstract":"With the help of literature data, the effectiveness of Cytoflavin inclusion in the treatment regimens for patients with psoriasis, microbial eczema, and rosacea in the period of exacerbation was analyzed based on the assessment of subjective and objective data of the DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index), WAM (Well-being, Activity, Mood), DISS (Dermatological Index of the Symptom Scale). It was revealed that, according to the results of testing before the start of treatment, all patients had mental disorders, which manifested in an increase in indicators on the DLQI and DISS scales and a decrease on the WAM scale. The reduction of clinical manifestations and the decrease in DISS (by 86.0%, (P≤0.05) for rosacea, by 83.0% (P≤0.01) for eczema) was found to be more pronounced after a course of therapy with the inclusion of Cytoflavin (2 tablets 2 times a day 30 minutes before meals, course — 25 days), compared with standard therapy. This had a positive effect on well-being (the value of the indicator increased by 63,9% for rosacea, by 66,0% for eczema, and 27.8% for psoriasis), activity (56,1% for rosacea, 66.1 % for eczema, and 22.1% for psoriasis), mood (51,9% for rosacea, 54.3% for eczema, and 23.7% for psoriasis), and improved quality of life: indicator DLQI decreased by 42,9% in rosacea, 62.4% in eczema, and 61.5% in psoriasis. Thus, the analysis of literature data made it possible to confirm that the inclusion of Cytoflavin in the treatment regimens for patients with the above-mentioned skin pathologies, comorbid with mental disorders, improves the effectiveness of basic therapy, which is manifested by a faster and more pronounced reduction in clinical manifestations and an increase in the quality of life of patients.","PeriodicalId":53646,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya","volume":"R-25 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135366411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-24-32
A. U. Sabitov, L. P. Larionov, M. N. Dobrinskaya, O. V. Ledyankina, A. V. Osipenko, I. E. Valamina, E. V. Philippova, I. M. Fatikhov
The paper presents the results of extended preclinical studies demonstrating the safety using the direct-acting antiviral drug Riamilovir in immature white rats. Riamilovir did not show any toxic effects on the growth of animals, their fertility, behavior, hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as morphology of visceral organs when used in a course. According to the results of the studies, Ramilovir can be recommended for multicenter clinical trials in adolescents and children of younger age groups.
{"title":"The Results of Preclinical Studies Assessing the Effect of Riamilovir on the Reproductive Function and Postnatal Growth of Offspring in Laboratory Animals","authors":"A. U. Sabitov, L. P. Larionov, M. N. Dobrinskaya, O. V. Ledyankina, A. V. Osipenko, I. E. Valamina, E. V. Philippova, I. M. Fatikhov","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-24-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-24-32","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of extended preclinical studies demonstrating the safety using the direct-acting antiviral drug Riamilovir in immature white rats. Riamilovir did not show any toxic effects on the growth of animals, their fertility, behavior, hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as morphology of visceral organs when used in a course. According to the results of the studies, Ramilovir can be recommended for multicenter clinical trials in adolescents and children of younger age groups.","PeriodicalId":53646,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya","volume":"16 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135367240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-19-23
A. L. Krotova, S. A. Makavchik, A. A. Sukhinin
Background . Veterinary monitoring of antibiotic resistance in pathogens of zoonotic diseases is necessary for the rational use of antibiotics. Integration and use of the AMRcloud online platform in veterinary institutions will significantly simplify data processing, increase the speed of data analysis of monitoring results, and help overcome the interagency barrier in the exchange of information between human medicine and veterinary medicine. The aim of the study is the practical ap- plication of the AMRcloud online platform for veterinary monitoring of antibiotic resistance in pathogens of zoonotic origin. Material and methods. In the course of veterinary monitoring, the susceptibility of 275 isolates (16 species of bacteria) to 13 antimicrobial drugs most commonly used in animal husbandry was determined. Among the antimicrobial drugs were: amoxiclav, ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, gentamicin, clindamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, tobramycin, cephalexin cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, and colistin. The data obtained were combined into a single system using the AMRcloud online platform. Results . The most common causative agents of mastitis were identified: Streptococcus agalactiae (n=96), Escherichia coli (n=55), Staphylococcus aureus (n=33) and Enterococcus faecalis (n=31). ESBL production have been detected in 13 (19.7%) of 66 isolates of the order Enterobacterales, isolated from clinical material of cattle and small ruminants, which limits the use of beta-lactam antibiotics for the treatment of mastitis. Conclusion. The use of the AMRcloud online platform in veterinary laboratories greatly simplifies data processing, increases the result analysis speed, and provides an opportunity to exchange information on antibiotic resistance between laboratories.
{"title":"Practical Application of the AMRcloud Online Platform for Veterinary Monitoring of Antibiotic Resistance of Zoonotic Pathogens","authors":"A. L. Krotova, S. A. Makavchik, A. A. Sukhinin","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-19-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-19-23","url":null,"abstract":"Background . Veterinary monitoring of antibiotic resistance in pathogens of zoonotic diseases is necessary for the rational use of antibiotics. Integration and use of the AMRcloud online platform in veterinary institutions will significantly simplify data processing, increase the speed of data analysis of monitoring results, and help overcome the interagency barrier in the exchange of information between human medicine and veterinary medicine. The aim of the study is the practical ap- plication of the AMRcloud online platform for veterinary monitoring of antibiotic resistance in pathogens of zoonotic origin. Material and methods. In the course of veterinary monitoring, the susceptibility of 275 isolates (16 species of bacteria) to 13 antimicrobial drugs most commonly used in animal husbandry was determined. Among the antimicrobial drugs were: amoxiclav, ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, gentamicin, clindamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, tobramycin, cephalexin cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, and colistin. The data obtained were combined into a single system using the AMRcloud online platform. Results . The most common causative agents of mastitis were identified: Streptococcus agalactiae (n=96), Escherichia coli (n=55), Staphylococcus aureus (n=33) and Enterococcus faecalis (n=31). ESBL production have been detected in 13 (19.7%) of 66 isolates of the order Enterobacterales, isolated from clinical material of cattle and small ruminants, which limits the use of beta-lactam antibiotics for the treatment of mastitis. Conclusion. The use of the AMRcloud online platform in veterinary laboratories greatly simplifies data processing, increases the result analysis speed, and provides an opportunity to exchange information on antibiotic resistance between laboratories.","PeriodicalId":53646,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-4-10
T. S. Zaporozhets, N. V. Krylova, S. A. Fedoreyev, O. V. Iunikhina, A. B. Pott, D. V. Tarbeeva, N. P. Mishchenko, M. Yu. Shchelkanov
Relevance. The development of highly effective broad-spectrum antiviral agents is one of the priorities in medicine, virology, and pharmacology. The strategy of repurposing (repositioning) registered drugs is of special interest along with significant progress in this area due to the use of the latest technologies for target identification, discovery and optimization of the lead compound, biological testing. The advantages of repositioning are, among other things, in reducing the time and cost of some of the necessary stages of research. The aim of the work is to study the antiviral activity of the polyphenol complex (PPC) from Maackia amurensis , the active substance of the drug Maksar®, as well as to expand the field of medical application of the drug. Material and methods. The antiviral activity of PPC against herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) and enterovirus B (ECHO-1) grown on Vero cell culture was assessed by inhibition of the cytopathogenic effect (CPE) of the virus using the MTT assay. Results . PFC from Maackia amurensis wood effectively prevents the attachment of HSV-1 and ECHO-1 to Vero cells and exhibits high activity, exerting a virucidal effect, as well as inhibiting the early stage of viral particle replication. Conclusion . The data obtained expand the spectrum of pharmacological activity of Maxar® and determine the need for further studies of this drug in vivo to establish its antiviral properties in animal experiments. The final conclusion related to efficacy and safety can be drawn from the results of controlled randomized clinical trials with significant clinical results.
{"title":"Experimental Justification of Reprofiling of the Drug Maxar® for the Treatment of Viral Infections","authors":"T. S. Zaporozhets, N. V. Krylova, S. A. Fedoreyev, O. V. Iunikhina, A. B. Pott, D. V. Tarbeeva, N. P. Mishchenko, M. Yu. Shchelkanov","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-4-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-4-10","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The development of highly effective broad-spectrum antiviral agents is one of the priorities in medicine, virology, and pharmacology. The strategy of repurposing (repositioning) registered drugs is of special interest along with significant progress in this area due to the use of the latest technologies for target identification, discovery and optimization of the lead compound, biological testing. The advantages of repositioning are, among other things, in reducing the time and cost of some of the necessary stages of research. The aim of the work is to study the antiviral activity of the polyphenol complex (PPC) from Maackia amurensis , the active substance of the drug Maksar®, as well as to expand the field of medical application of the drug. Material and methods. The antiviral activity of PPC against herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) and enterovirus B (ECHO-1) grown on Vero cell culture was assessed by inhibition of the cytopathogenic effect (CPE) of the virus using the MTT assay. Results . PFC from Maackia amurensis wood effectively prevents the attachment of HSV-1 and ECHO-1 to Vero cells and exhibits high activity, exerting a virucidal effect, as well as inhibiting the early stage of viral particle replication. Conclusion . The data obtained expand the spectrum of pharmacological activity of Maxar® and determine the need for further studies of this drug in vivo to establish its antiviral properties in animal experiments. The final conclusion related to efficacy and safety can be drawn from the results of controlled randomized clinical trials with significant clinical results.","PeriodicalId":53646,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-11-18
A. S. Anisimova, N. V. Pavlovich, N. V. Aronova, M. V. Tsimbalistova, E. N. Gudueva, N. I. Pasyukova, E. D. Teplyakova, A. K. Noskov
Background . In a novel coronavirus pandemic, the most common complications of viral pneumonia are secondary infections of bacterial and fungal etiology. At the same time, the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria remains a global threat to public health. One of such microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family is Klebsiella pneumoniae, which belongs to dangerous resistant pathogens of the ESKAPE group. The aim of the study was the comparative analysis of the biological properties of classical and hypermucoid strains of K.pneumoniae isolated from patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP): characterization of their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs, Klebsiella bacteriophage, and a disinfectant (polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride), as well as assessment of the strains’ virulence in the model of experimental infection in white mice. Material and methods. 56 strains of Klebsiella isolated in diagnostic quantities from patients’ sputum samples were studied. Species identification of cultures was carried out using bacteriological and mass spectrometric methods. The sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics, bacteriophage, and the disinfectant was determined in accordance with regulatory documents. Results. In the course of the study, 243 gram-negative cultures were isolated, of which 30% were bacteria of the genus Klebsiella spp. An analysis of their species composition showed that K.pneumoniae occupied a dominant place in the structure. Based on colony morphology, Burri-Gins smear staining, and a positive string test, 14 strains with a hypermucoid phenotype were identified. These strains differed from the classic K.pneumoniae strain by the presence of a thicker capsule in smears, virulence in white mice (DCL≤103 mc), and increased resistance to commercial Klebsiella bacteriophage. At the same time, they were characterized by a wider spectrum of sensitivity to antibiotics. There were no significant differences in sensitivity to the disinfectant in strains of both morphotypes. Conclusion . The results obtained demonstrated the important role of K.pneumoniae in the etiological structure of CAP pathogens.
{"title":"Biological Properties and Antibiotic Resistance of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and Its Role in the Etiological Structure of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Pathogens","authors":"A. S. Anisimova, N. V. Pavlovich, N. V. Aronova, M. V. Tsimbalistova, E. N. Gudueva, N. I. Pasyukova, E. D. Teplyakova, A. K. Noskov","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-11-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-11-18","url":null,"abstract":"Background . In a novel coronavirus pandemic, the most common complications of viral pneumonia are secondary infections of bacterial and fungal etiology. At the same time, the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria remains a global threat to public health. One of such microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family is Klebsiella pneumoniae, which belongs to dangerous resistant pathogens of the ESKAPE group. The aim of the study was the comparative analysis of the biological properties of classical and hypermucoid strains of K.pneumoniae isolated from patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP): characterization of their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs, Klebsiella bacteriophage, and a disinfectant (polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride), as well as assessment of the strains’ virulence in the model of experimental infection in white mice. Material and methods. 56 strains of Klebsiella isolated in diagnostic quantities from patients’ sputum samples were studied. Species identification of cultures was carried out using bacteriological and mass spectrometric methods. The sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics, bacteriophage, and the disinfectant was determined in accordance with regulatory documents. Results. In the course of the study, 243 gram-negative cultures were isolated, of which 30% were bacteria of the genus Klebsiella spp. An analysis of their species composition showed that K.pneumoniae occupied a dominant place in the structure. Based on colony morphology, Burri-Gins smear staining, and a positive string test, 14 strains with a hypermucoid phenotype were identified. These strains differed from the classic K.pneumoniae strain by the presence of a thicker capsule in smears, virulence in white mice (DCL≤103 mc), and increased resistance to commercial Klebsiella bacteriophage. At the same time, they were characterized by a wider spectrum of sensitivity to antibiotics. There were no significant differences in sensitivity to the disinfectant in strains of both morphotypes. Conclusion . The results obtained demonstrated the important role of K.pneumoniae in the etiological structure of CAP pathogens.","PeriodicalId":53646,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotiki i Khimioterapiya","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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