Revista Peruana de Medicina de Experimental y Salud Publica最新文献

Objective.: To examine the frequency of depressive symptoms, gender-based violence, and gender-based discrimination among transgender women (TGW) in Lima, Peru, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods.: Between May and July 2021, the non-governmental organization Socios En Salud conducted a cross-sectional study to assess depressive symptoms, gender-based discrimination and violence among TGW identified from a prior study database and peer referral. Descriptive statistics were used to report frequencies, and an exploratory bivariate analysis was performed to examine associations between depressive symptoms and participants´ characteristics, including experiences of discrimination and violence. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9; gender-based discrimination and violence were measured using adopted instruments.

Results.: A total of 112 participants were included in the study. Most TGW reported depressive symptoms (81.2%), experiences of gender-based violence (83.8%), and experiences of gender-based discrimination (95.5%). The presence of depressive symptoms was associated with experiences of discrimination in healthcare settings (p < 0.046) and with experiences of violence (p < 0.046).

Conclusions.: A high frequency of depressive symptoms, as well as experiences of gender-based discrimination and violence, was observed among TGW in Lima, Peru, during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, significant associations were identified between these experiences and the presence of depressive symptoms. These findings are consistent with existing evidence on the mental health impact of the pandemic, but also suggest a disproportionate burden among TGW and highlight the urgent need to address the underlying contributing factors.

Objective.: To evaluate the energy contribution of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and its association with social and demographic covariates in children between 6 and 35 months of age, based on national surveys conducted in 2008‒2010, 2015‒2016, and 2019.

Materials and methods.: The surveys used multistage stratified random samples. 24-hour recalls were applied on random days per participant, using the modified multiple-pass method, with the support of visual aids and scales. UPFs belonged to the Nova 4 group. Given the bimodal distribution, the covariates were analyzed using two models: a binomial model for the percentage of UPF consumers and a normal model for the average energy contribution, only among UPF consumers. The estimates and models were adjusted according to the sampling design.

Results.: 2887 children were included. UPFs contributed 27% (95% CI: 25 to 29) of the total energy intake and were consumed by 86% (84 to 89) of children. The main energy contribution from UPFs came from the milk and dairy products group (19% [17 to 20]) and cereals (5% [4 to 6]). The covariates associated with consumption were age, calendar quarter, and poverty. No associations were found with sex or the year of the survey.

Conclusions.: In children aged 6 to 35 months in Peru, UPFs provided an average of 27% of total energy and were consumed by 86%. The main sources were the milk and dairy products, and the cereals group. UPF consumption was associated with age, poverty, and the calendar quarter.

In 2024, a cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive study was conducted to molecularly identify resistance to organophosphates and carbamates in Aedes aegypti of different physiological ages in a cemetery in northern Peru. Female specimens were captured, taxonomically identified, their ovaries dissected, and the parity percentage calculated. Likewise, the legs of nulliparous, parous, and gravid females were dissected, DNA was extracted, and PCR was performed to detect the mutant ACEr gene associated with resistance to organophosphates and carbamates. A total of 218 (100%) females were captured, with a nulliparity index of 37,61% and a parity index of 62,39%, of which 13,23% of parous females were gravid at the time of capture. The ACEr gene was detected in all three physiological age groups. It is inferred that in the analyzed cemetery, there are Aedes aegypti populations carrying the genetic mutation conferring resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides.

A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study evaluated years of potential life lost (YPLL) due to drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis in Cali from 2009 to 2020, using death records from the Health Secretariat. Total YPLL and its annual rate were calculated by age at death, and median YPLL values were compared across subgroups. A total of 565 registers of death records were analyzed (71.5% men; median age 56 years, range 38-70), yielding 11,238 YPLL. The highest median YPLL were observed among persons living with HIV, those in socially vulnerable situations, the uninsured or those under subsidized or special coverage, in women, and in those who re-entered after previously discontinuing treatment or experiencing a tuberculosis relapse.

The objective of our study was to determine the resistance to colistin and fosfomycin of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (Ec-BLEE). We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in which we analyzed 79 isolates of Ec-BLEE obtained from a previous study involving 300 chicken cloacal swab samples. We processed the isolates in the Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad de Piura, Lima-Peru. We determined the sensitivity to colistin with the Colistin-AgarSpot detection medium and the sensitivity to fosfomycin by antibiogram according to the CLSI guidelines. We searched for the mcr-1 and fosA3 genes through PCR. We found a resistance to colistin in 17,7% and to fosfomycin in 77% of the samples. We did not detect the mcr-1 gene in the colistin-resistant isolates. The fosA3 gene was present in 100% of the fosfomycin resistant isolates.

Objective.: To determine mortality and associated factors in patients who received an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant at the Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, between January 2017 and December 2022.

Materials and methods.: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between 2017 and 2022. Death at one hundred days and two years, and its associated factors, were evaluated. Proportional Cox regression models were used.

Results.: 342 post-HSCT patients were included, with a median age of 23 years (interquartile range: 10 to 39), of whom 53.5% were women. The most frequent diagnosis for the transplant was acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 54.1%. Mortality in the first 100 days post-HSCT was 8.2%, and at two years was 30.4%. In the multivariate regression at one hundred days, factors associated with a higher risk of mortality were age over 50 years (HRa: 6.97; 95% CI: 1.18-41.23), being a recipient of a haploidentical transplant (HRa: 3.57; 95% CI: 1.13-11.24), and sepsis as a complication (HRa: 68.78; 95% CI: 19.32-244.84). In the two-year analysis, acute myeloid leukemia (1.72; IC 95%: 1.08-2.74), haploidentical transplant (HRa:1.81; 95%CI: 1.21-2.72), and disease relapse (HRa: 4.17; 95%CI%: 2.75-6.31) were associated with a higher risk of death.

Conclusions.: The mortality found was low and similar to that of countries with higher incomes; however, it is necessary to formulate interventions that reduce the incidence of modifiable factors such as sepsis.

Papiliotrema laurentii (formerly known as Cryptococcus laurentii) is an environmental saprophytic yeast that rarely causes disease in humans, mainly in immunosuppressed patients. We present a case of nosocomial pulmonary mycosis due to Papiliotrema laurentii in a 51-year-old male patient with a COVID-19 infection and a history of untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus. During his hospital stay, he received intravenous fluconazole for two weeks, with a favorable outcome. He was discharged with oral fluconazole for three months and follow-up in an outpatient clinic. One month after hospital discharge, he presented with cardiorespiratory arrest that did not respond to resuscitation maneuvers. The case highlights the importance of considering saprophytic species among the differential diagnoses of opportunistic mycoses.