Revista Peruana de Medicina de Experimental y Salud Publica最新文献

Objectives.: To evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) in university students from Lima, Peru.

Materials and methods.: An instrumental study was conducted with 1163 students from a public university, in which the validity and reliability of the DASS-21 were evaluated in accordance with international standards.

Results.: A confirmatory factor analysis was performed with a first three-factor model (χ²=706.5; df=186; CFI=0.986; TLI=0.985; RMSEA=0.049; SRMR=0.057) and a second-order model (χ²=706.5; df=186; CFI=0.986; TLI=0.985; RMSEA=0.049; SRMR=0.057), both of which reported expected fit measures. Furthermore, associations with other measures were established, such as positive mental health (r > -0.49), with results showing inverse and statistically significant moderate correlations. Metric invariance measures based on sex were also calculated. The reliability coefficients-omega, ordinal alpha, and Guttman-reached values greater than 0.90 as expected.

Conclusions.: The DASS-21 showed evidence of validity based on internal structure, concurrent and discriminant criterion validity, and reliability through internal consistency. It was also invariant across men and women.

Background: Motivation for the study. Cervical screening is key to early detection of cancer, but its acceptability limits its implementation. It is essential to understand preferences for self-sampling to facilitate its implementation. Findings. Factors such as educational level, marital status, place of origin, religion, and knowledge are associated with a preference for self-sampling to detect human papillomavirus. Implications. Health authorities can use these findings to strengthen the promotion of self-sampling through educational campaigns focused on populations with factors that limit its acceptance, thereby improving screening coverage.

Objective.: To analyze the frequency and factors associated with self-sampling preference for detecting human papillomavirus (HPV) in Peruvian women at a healthcare center, 2023-2024.

Materials and methods.: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted. The sample consisted of 275 women aged 30 to 49 years who from the Rinconada Healthcare Center. The main variable was evaluated directly using a dichotomous question, which revealed the user's preference for this method of cervical sample collection for HPV detection. The instrument was a valid and reliable questionnaire. Multivariate statistics were used to find the associated factors.

Results.: We found that 75.6% of users prefer self-sampling for HPV detection. Adjusted analysis showed that higher education (RPa=1.28; 95% CI: 1.01-1.64) and secondary education (RPa=1.46; 95% CI: 1.11-1.92) increased the likelihood of preferring self-sampling; while cohabiting marital status (RPa=0.61; 95% CI: 0.44-0.83), being from the rest of the coast (RPa=0.70; 95% CI: 0.50-0.97), Catholic religion (RPa=0.84; 95% CI: 0.74-0.96) and having a higher quartile of knowledge about HPV (RPa=0.88; 95% CI: 0.71-0.95) reduced the likelihood of preferring self-sampling.

Conclusion.: The frequency of preference for self-sampling for HPV detection is high and is associated with secondary/higher education, cohabitation, living on the coast except for the capital, being Catholic, and having a higher level of knowledge about HPV.

Background: Motivation for the study. Cervical screening is key to early detection of cancer, but its acceptability limits its implementation. It is essential to understand preferences for self-sampling to facilitate its implementation. Findings. Factors such as educational level, marital status, place of origin, religion, and knowledge are associated with a preference for self-sampling to detect human papillomavirus. Implications. Health authorities can use these findings to strengthen the promotion of self-sampling through educational campaigns focused on populations with factors that limit its acceptance, thereby improving screening coverage.

We report a case of Cryptococcus gattii meningitis in a patient with HIV in the Peruvian Amazon. A 36-year-old male patient with severe neurological symptoms that was diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid culture. Although liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine are considered the standard antifungal therapy, due to a lack of resources, an alternative treatment of amphotericin B deoxycholate and fluconazole was used. Even with this alternative, treatment faced challenges due to the persistence of the microorganism. This case highlights the importance of considering C. gattii in the differential diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised patients, even in areas where the prevalence of this pathogen is low. The effectiveness of treatment and the patient's survival underscore the need for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies adapted to resource-limited settings.

We present our experience in developing a change management model to strengthen intercultural health interventions in primary care. This is an action-research project involving health teams that mainly care for indigenous populations. The methodology included problem-based workshops and deductive analysis. The study was conducted in 44 health facilities in six regions, using a specific guide to build the change model. As a result, a change management model was developed, consisting of three main components: a change management guidance model, a change planning model, and change management meetings based on continuing health education. A change management model is presented to strengthen the prevention and control of health priorities with an intercultural approach, with the potential to improve the effectiveness of health interventions.

Background: Motivation for the study. Vector-borne diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever require constant monitoring of their spatial and temporal distribution patterns due to current climate change and atypical conditions. Main findings. Rocky Mountain spotted fever occurs in Sinaloa throughout the year, with endemic peaks during March, May, and July. In the municipality of Badiraguato, a relative risk of 6.89 was determined. Implications for public health. The results of this study show that there are municipalities in the state of Sinaloa with a higher risk of contracting Rocky Mountain spotted fever, so the Sinaloa Ministry of Health could implement prevention and health education programs to reduce the risk in these municipalities.

Background: Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, whose vector and natural reservoir is the tick. However, dogs play an important role in the transmission of this disease. This study aimed to determine the spatial and temporal behavior of RMSF in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico. Information was obtained from the RMSF cases reported during the period 2015-2023, and the temporal and spatial behavior was determined using an endemic channel and the SCAN statistic. The highest RMSF prevalence rate was determined in Escuinapa with 9.6 cases per 10,000 inhabitants. Regarding temporal behavior, three endemic peaks were detected in March, May, and July, and three RMSF clusters were identified, with the main cluster located in the municipality of Ahome with a relative risk of 4.9.

Background: Motivation for the study. Vector-borne diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever require constant monitoring of their spatial and temporal distribution patterns due to current climate change and atypical conditions. Main findings. Rocky Mountain spotted fever occurs in Sinaloa throughout the year, with endemic peaks during March, May, and July. In the municipality of Badiraguato, a relative risk of 6.89 was determined. Implications for public health. The results of this study show that there are municipalities in the state of Sinaloa with a higher risk of contracting Rocky Mountain spotted fever, so the Sinaloa Ministry of Health could implement prevention and health education programs to reduce the risk in these municipalities.

Background: Motivation for the study. To describe the clinical characteristics of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and compare them according to gender. This condition is considered a rare disease, whose manifestations are still poorly understood. Main findings. The most common clinical presentation of EOAD is the amnestic variant, which mainly affects episodic memory and executive function and is often accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression and irritability. Women tend to have more impairments in calculus, constructive apraxia, and visuospatial functions than men. Implications for public health. By identifying the clinical characteristics of EOAD, healthcare professionals can recognize patients early on. Furthermore, it is essential to broaden the concept of dementia, avoiding limiting it exclusively to the population over 65 years of age.

Background: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) accounts for between 5 and 10% of all cases of Alzheimer's disease and is a rare and devastating form of the disease. This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of patients diagnosed with EOAD between 2022 and 2023 at a tertiary neurological center in Lima, Peru. Of 547 cases of dementia, 60 met the criteria for EOAD. Most were women (73.3%), and 71% had more than six years of education. The mean MMSE score was 11.92 ± 7.5, and the mean CDR score was 2, indicating severe cognitive impairment and moderate dementia. The amnestic variant was the most common clinical form, highlighting the involvement of episodic memory and executive function. The most common psychological and behavioral symptoms were depression and irritability. Atypical features such as myoclonus (5%) and epilepsy (10%) were also identified. These findings highlight the importance of healthcare professionals recognizing dementia in young adults at an early stage and offering comprehensive management to improve the quality of life of patients and their families.

Background: Motivation for the study. To describe the clinical characteristics of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and compare them according to gender. This condition is considered a rare disease, whose manifestations are still poorly understood. Main findings. The most common clinical presentation of EOAD is the amnestic variant, which mainly affects episodic memory and executive function and is often accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression and irritability. Women tend to have more impairments in calculus, constructive apraxia, and visuospatial functions than men. Implications for public health. By identifying the clinical characteristics of EOAD, healthcare professionals can recognize patients early on. Furthermore, it is essential to broaden the concept of dementia, avoiding limiting it exclusively to the population over 65 years of age.