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In search of social work's post-risk paradigm 寻找社会工作的后风险范式
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-24 DOI: 10.1921/SWSSR.V20I3.1281
Joe Smeeton
This paper describes a paradigmatic shift in child protection practice within the UK, arguing that there is a move away from the risk paradigm but that its replacement is not yet defined. The paper draws upon the critical literature to elucidate this shift and to give examples and arguments for why the risk paradigm is unsustainable and how this has created an essential tension within the profession. The paper finds that while the case against the risk perspective is strongly argued there is not yet a coherent perspective to replace it. The author suggests that this is problematic as practitioners are left with a toolkit of technical interventions to guide their practice but what is missing is the capacity to develop an ethic of practice due to a failure of social work in the UK to engage with philosophical questions about its remit. The paper concludes that social work education needs to focus more on ethical fluency rather than being stuck on statistical understandings of practice and policy in order to achieve a shift in paradigm from ‘risk’ to ‘ethics’.
这篇论文描述了英国儿童保护实践中的一个范式转变,认为有一种远离风险范式的趋势,但其替代品尚未确定。本文借鉴了批判性文献来阐明这一转变,并举例和论证了为什么风险范式是不可持续的,以及这如何在行业内造成了本质的紧张关系。本文发现,虽然反对风险视角的案例被强烈争论,但还没有一个连贯的视角来取代它。作者认为,这是有问题的,因为从业者留下了一个技术干预工具包来指导他们的实践,但由于英国社会工作未能参与有关其职权范围的哲学问题,因此缺乏发展实践伦理的能力。本文的结论是,社会工作教育需要更多地关注道德流畅性,而不是停留在对实践和政策的统计理解上,以便实现范式从“风险”到“道德”的转变。
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引用次数: 0
Hiding and being hidden: The marginalisation of children’s participation in research and practice responses to domestic violence and abuse 隐藏和被隐藏:儿童参与应对家庭暴力和虐待的研究和实践的边缘化
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1921/swssr.v22i1.1438
R. Eliffe, S. Holt, Carolina Øverlien
his group is known within the literature to be a hard to reach population. This is namely due to their perceived vulnerability, as well as efforts to protect them by adult gatekeepers, and rigorous ethical procedures that make recruitment efforts often challenging. Consequently, this group, sometimes for their own protection, remain hidden in the shadows when it comes to research and practice responses that continue to operate from an adult-centric lens when children’s agency is not fully acknowledged. This paper sets out to discuss the multiple ways by which children who experience domestic violence both hide and are hidden by adults, rendering them invisible. Based on findings from a qualitative doctoral study that sought to explore children’s experiences of the police response to domestic violence, this paper highlights the interconnectedness between children’s invisibility in practice and research, and the processes through which they become and can remain hidden in these two arenas. The paper calls for a need to bring children’s experiences of domestic violence out of the shadows and to begin to acknowledge their agency and capacity as both research participants and victims.
他的群体在文献中被认为是难以接触到的人群。这是由于他们的脆弱性,以及成年看门人保护他们的努力,以及严格的道德程序,使得招聘工作经常具有挑战性。因此,当涉及到研究和实践反应时,这一群体有时为了保护自己,仍然隐藏在阴影中,当儿童的代理没有得到充分承认时,这些反应继续从以成人为中心的角度进行。本文旨在探讨经历过家庭暴力的儿童被成年人隐藏或被成年人隐藏的多种方式,从而使他们变得隐形。基于一项旨在探索警察应对家庭暴力的儿童经历的定性博士研究的结果,本文强调了儿童在实践和研究中的隐形性之间的相互联系,以及他们在这两个领域中变得和保持隐藏的过程。该报告呼吁有必要将儿童的家庭暴力经历从阴影中带出来,并开始承认他们作为研究参与者和受害者的机构和能力。
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引用次数: 7
Strategies for Family Engagement in Evidence-Based Programmes: A Meta-Synthesis of Systematic Reviews from a Social Casework Approach 基于证据的项目中家庭参与的策略:来自社会个案方法的系统评价的综合
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.1921/SWSSR.V20I3.1279
Lluc Nevot-Caldentey, Dr. Carmen Orte Socías, Dr. Lluís Ballester Brage
This paper explores the role of social work practice in youth risk prevention through evidence-based interventions, such as the Strengthening Families Programme. It begins by analysing the aetiology of social work practice in prevention and the theories that aim to explain social work practice as one of the most important disciplines for meeting the skill development requirements of risk prevention. Research has shown that evidence-based interventions applied at the family level can delay the onset of substance use. Various studies have backed working with these kinds of systems to ensure the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing substance abuse; however, family participation has also been shown to be one of the disadvantages of this kind of intervention. For this reason, the main goal of the present research is to identify the most effective strategies for engaging families in the context of social casework. We present a meta-synthesis of two systematic exploratory reviews of scholarly articles concerning family involvement, adherence, and findings that lead to achieving coupling. We discuss the family factors that social workers should consider in order to ensure that different members of family systems commit to building supportive relationships.
本文探讨了社会工作实践在青少年风险预防中的作用,通过以证据为基础的干预措施,如加强家庭计划。它首先分析了社会工作实践在预防中的病因学,以及旨在解释社会工作实践作为满足风险预防技能发展要求的最重要学科之一的理论。研究表明,在家庭层面采用基于证据的干预措施可以延缓药物使用的开始。各种研究支持与这类系统合作,以确保旨在减少药物滥用的干预措施的有效性;然而,家庭参与也被证明是这种干预的缺点之一。出于这个原因,本研究的主要目标是确定在社会个案工作背景下参与家庭的最有效策略。我们提出了两篇关于家庭参与、依从性和导致实现耦合的发现的学术文章的系统性探索性综述的综合。我们讨论了社会工作者应该考虑的家庭因素,以确保家庭系统的不同成员致力于建立支持关系。
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引用次数: 3
The Loss: Conceptualising Biographical Experiences of Disability, Social Isolation and Emotional Loneliness in North-East England 失落:英格兰东北部残疾、社会孤立和情感孤独的传记经历
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.1921/SWSSR.V20I3.1319
L. Deacon, S. Macdonald, J. Nixon, A. Akintola, Samouka Dore, Gillian Ellis, Anna Gillingham, Liz Highmore, A. Ismail, J. Kent, Debbie Matthews, Sylvia Sullivan
Research into experiences of social isolation and loneliness has predominantly focused on older adults, i.e. post-retirement, as a significant at-risk group. Similarly, research exploring disability and loneliness has been associated with old age and conceptualised as an inevitable outcome of ‘failing’ health. This study seeks to conceptualise experiences of disability from a wider age group to understand if occurrences of social isolation and loneliness are commonplace. Fifteen qualitative biographical narrative interviews were completed by a Community Research Team, including seven males and eight females aged 32–89. A Disability Studies approach was applied to identify significant pathways from isolation into emotional loneliness, experienced by participants; fourteen of whom were affected by disability issues. Key risk factors were identified relating to disabled participants’ experiences of ‘loss’. Loss was associated with ‘loss of ability’, ‘loss due to bereavement’, ‘loss of social connectivity’ and ‘loss of self-confidence’. Participants connected life events concerning loss with spending time alone, leading to feelings of emotional loneliness. The findings illustrate key risk factors in being alone during evenings and weekends, periods where disabled participants were most likely to experience subjective feelings of emotional loneliness. (NOTE: The views expressed in this article are those of the authors not necessarily those of their employing agencies.)
对社会孤立和孤独经历的研究主要集中在老年人身上,即退休后的老年人,他们是一个重要的风险群体。同样,探索残疾和孤独的研究也与老年有关,并将其概念化为“健康衰退”的必然结果。这项研究试图将更广泛年龄组的残疾经历概念化,以了解社交孤立和孤独的发生是否常见。社区研究小组完成了15次定性的传记叙事访谈,其中包括7名男性和8名女性,年龄在32-89岁之间。残疾研究方法被应用于确定参与者经历的从孤立到情感孤独的重要途径;其中14人受到残疾问题的影响。确定了与残疾参与者的“损失”经历相关的关键风险因素。损失与“能力丧失”、“丧亲之痛造成的损失”、“社交联系丧失”和“自信心丧失”有关。参与者将与损失有关的生活事件与独处时间联系起来,导致情感上的孤独感。研究结果说明了晚上和周末独处的关键风险因素,在这段时间,残疾参与者最有可能经历情感孤独的主观感觉。(注:本文中表达的观点是作者的观点,而不一定是其雇佣机构的观点。)
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引用次数: 3
Deliver us from evil: The role of faith and family in coping with stress among African migrants in Australia 拯救我们远离邪恶:信仰和家庭在应对澳大利亚非洲移民压力中的作用
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.1921/SWSSR.V20I3.1324
Irene Ikafa, Dieu Hack‐Polay
The paper examines stressors affecting involuntary and voluntary African migrants in Australia and how they cope with stress. Using semi-structured interviews, the paper examines the experiences of 30 African migrants in Australia. Most participants used a diversity of strategies including the reliance of God and family –usually constructed by alliance rather than kinship -to cope with stress. The key contribution of the paper is to go beyond traditional integration strategies to highlight the significance of God and family as remedies to ‘deliver’ the migrants from the obstacles to effective resettlement and psychological healing. Keywords: African migrants; stress; God; family; resettlement; coping strategies.
本文研究了影响澳大利亚非自愿和自愿非洲移民的压力源,以及他们如何应对压力。本文采用半结构化访谈的方法,考察了30名非洲移民在澳大利亚的经历。大多数参与者使用了多种策略来应对压力,包括依赖上帝和家庭——通常是由联盟而非亲属关系构建的。该论文的主要贡献是超越传统的融合策略,强调上帝和家庭作为补救措施的重要性,将移民从障碍中“解救”出来,以实现有效的重新安置和心理治疗。关键词:非洲移民;强调上帝家庭安置;应对策略。
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引用次数: 4
De-professionalism, identity and the productivity debate: A research puzzle? 去专业化、身份认同和生产力争论:一个研究难题?
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-12-18 DOI: 10.1921/SWSSR.V20I3.1344
N. Malin
In a recent letter to the Financial Times a group of left-leaning economists said that the Labour Party’s radical manifesto is justified by ‘Britain’s array of structural problems, including a lost decade for productivity growth, a dearth of investment and the gulf between London and the south-east and the rest of the country’ (Blanchflower and others, 2019). Given that the newly elected Conservative Government espouses the language of easing austerity, a key research question for social policy might be
在最近写给《金融时报》的一封信中,一群左倾经济学家表示,工党的激进宣言是合理的,因为“英国存在一系列结构性问题,包括生产率增长失去的十年、投资匮乏以及伦敦与东南部和英国其他地区之间的鸿沟”(Blanchflower等人,2019年)。鉴于新当选的保守党政府支持放松紧缩政策的语言,社会政策的一个关键研究问题可能是
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引用次数: 0
Profiling of Student-Athletes using Protective Behavioral Strategies and Alcohol Use Based on Cluster Analysis Assignment 基于聚类分析分配的学生运动员使用保护行为策略和酒精使用的分析
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-11-03 DOI: 10.1921/SWSSR.V20I2.1246
Lindsey Sanders, W. Dudley, Jeffrey J. Milroy, D. Wyrick
An estimated 2 in 3 college students report consuming alcohol in the past month and 44% of students report engaging in high risk or heavy episodic drinking at least once in the previous 2 weeks. Despite evidence suggesting that participation in sports may be a protective factor for the use of alcohol, recent data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), finds that 77% college student-athletes report use. Though overall prevalence rates of alcohol consumption are similar among college student-athletes and non-athletes, student-athletes are more likely to engage in binge or high-risk drinking as compared to their non-athlete peers. An overwhelming majority of studies found that protective behavioral strategy (PBS) use was associated with less drinking and alcohol-related problems. There are sport-related factors that have been assessed to determine their association with use of alcohol-related PBS. With known factors in mind, prevention programs are typically developed to effect distal outcomes by way of these, more proximal, intermediate constructs that are thought to be related to the health problem of interest. The purpose of the current study was to examine the structural features that influence whether a given student-athlete will be categorized into one of three groups; a) high-risk drinking behaviors, b) moderate risk drinking behaviors, or c) low risk drinking behaviors.
据估计,三分之二的大学生报告在过去的一个月里饮酒,44%的学生报告在过去的两周内至少有一次高风险或严重的间歇性饮酒。尽管有证据表明,参加体育运动可能是酒精使用的一个保护因素,但美国大学体育协会(NCAA)最近的数据发现,77%的大学生运动员报告使用酒精。尽管大学生运动员和非运动员的总体饮酒率相似,但与非运动员同龄人相比,学生运动员更有可能酗酒或高风险饮酒。绝大多数研究发现,使用保护性行为策略(PBS)与减少饮酒和酒精相关问题有关。已经评估了与运动相关的因素,以确定它们与使用酒精相关PBS的关系。考虑到已知的因素,预防方案通常是通过这些更近端的中间结构来影响远端结果,这些结构被认为与感兴趣的健康问题有关。本研究的目的是考察影响某一学生运动员是否会被分为三组的结构特征;A)高风险饮酒行为,b)中度风险饮酒行为,或c)低风险饮酒行为。
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引用次数: 0
´In Good Spirits´ and the Achievement of Material Satisfaction: Evidence from Argentina “精神状态良好”与物质满足的实现:来自阿根廷的证据
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-11-03 DOI: 10.1921/SWSSR.V20I2.1170
B. Mesurado, Ricardo F. Crespo, Piablo Schiaffino
Previous literature has been committed to study the impact of socio-economic variables on material life satisfaction and to study the impact on mental health on emotional life satisfaction. However, not many studies has investigated the impact of mental health over material life satisfaction. This paper has two main objectives: it explores the elements that increase satisfaction in Argentinean men and women according to their self-reports, and to study the influence of socioeconomic variables and the absence of pathological symptoms in the prediction of emotional and material satisfaction. One thousand twelve Argentinean participants were included in this study, about 47.4% were male and age ranged from 18 to 91 years. Concerning the first objective, results have shown that earn more money and personal fulfillment at work comes up with a 46.6% of the answers in men and 37.83% in women. But, paradoxically, the second objective evidences that socioeconomical variables are associated with material satisfaction but not with emotional satisfaction while absence of pathological symptoms are related to both material and emotional satisfaction.
以往文献致力于研究社会经济变量对物质生活满意度的影响,研究心理健康对情感生活满意度的影响。然而,调查精神健康对物质生活满意度影响的研究并不多。本文有两个主要目标:根据阿根廷男女的自我报告,探讨提高其满意度的因素,并研究社会经济变量的影响以及在预测情感和物质满意度方面缺乏病理症状。这项研究纳入了1212名阿根廷参与者,其中47.4%为男性,年龄从18岁到91岁不等。关于第一个目标,结果显示,在工作中赚更多的钱和个人成就感在男性中占46.6%,在女性中占37.83%。但是,矛盾的是,第二个客观证据表明,社会经济变量与物质满足有关,而与情感满足无关,而没有病理症状与物质和情感满足都有关。
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引用次数: 1
Controversies in preparing for end-of-life in Nsukka town of Nigeria and suggestions for Nigerian based social work practice 尼日利亚Nsukka镇临终准备的争议及对尼日利亚社会工作实践的建议
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-11-03 DOI: 10.1921/SWSSR.V20I2.1140
U. Agbawodikeizu, Prince Agwu, U. Okoye, I. Igwe
Death is regarded as a natural phenomenon of life, but its consequences for the bereaved are often times very bitter. One way to circumvent this bitter experience is through making plans before dying. However, not everyone seems to appreciate this, which has generated lots of controversies. Thus, end-of-life planning attitude among adult residents in one of Nigeria’s Igbo area was examined using cross-sectional survey. Data was collected from 587 adults and also analyzed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative tools. Age, level of education, marital status and sex were shown to have statistically significant relationships with attitude toward end-of-life planning, while cultural beliefs were discovered to also exercise overbearing influence. The study further discovered some cultural practices that deter people from planning for end-of-life and therefore advocates for social protection and reorientation which should principally involve social workers. Suggestions were made for introduction of end-of-life planning education in the curriculum of institutions of secondary and tertiary learning in Nigeria, as a measure to help reform attitudes of persons toward preparing for end-of-life in future. 
死亡被认为是生命的一种自然现象,但它给失去亲人的人带来的后果往往是非常痛苦的。避免这种痛苦经历的一种方法是在死前制定计划。然而,并不是每个人都认同这一点,这也引发了很多争议。因此,在尼日利亚的伊博地区之一的成年居民中,临终计划的态度采用横断面调查进行了调查。从587名成年人中收集数据,并使用定量和定性工具相结合的方法进行分析。年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况和性别在统计上与对临终计划的态度有着显著的关系,而文化信仰也被发现具有压倒性的影响。该研究进一步发现了一些文化习俗,这些习俗阻碍了人们对生命终结的计划,因此提倡社会保护和重新定位,这主要应该由社会工作者参与。有人建议在尼日利亚的中学和大学教育机构的课程中引入生命末期规划教育,作为一项措施,帮助改革人们对将来为生命末期做准备的态度。
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引用次数: 3
Pruned, policed and privatised: the knowledge base for children and families social work in England and Wales in 2019 精简、监管和私有化:2019年英格兰和威尔士儿童和家庭社会工作知识库
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-11-03 DOI: 10.1921/SWSSR.V20I2.1285
J. Tunstill
The focus of this chapter is on the knowledge base for social work practice with children and families and its relationship to current social work policy development in England and Wales for the foreseeable future. It is argued that over the last ten years, the nature of the knowledge base for children and family social work, including the way it is generated, accessed and applied, has been increasingly subject to politically initiated change. This article argues that over the previous ten years of ‘austerity’, knowledge for social work has been purposely, and increasingly, ‘weaponised’ as a component of the same political system which introduced and now sustains neo-liberalism and austerity.  Deliberate decisions have been taken by government in order to initiate- through a variety of inter-linked and mutually reinforcing strategies- the reframing and repackaging of the role of knowledge in social work practice with children and families. Following a review of current approaches to understanding social work knowledge, the article identifies five key inter-linked projects , which have been established by the Conservative government . It argues that these are intended to deliver a far-reaching political colonisation of the existing knowledge base for social work, which should be resisted by all social work stakeholders.
本章的重点是儿童和家庭社会工作实践的知识库及其与英格兰和威尔士在可预见的未来当前社会工作政策发展的关系。有人认为,在过去十年中,儿童和家庭社会工作知识库的性质,包括其产生、获取和应用的方式,日益受到政治上发起的变革的影响。本文认为,在过去十年的“紧缩”中,社会工作的知识已经被有意地、越来越多地“武器化”,作为引入并现在维持新自由主义和紧缩的同一政治体系的组成部分。政府已作出深思熟虑的决定,通过各种相互联系和相互加强的战略,重新规划和重新包装知识在儿童和家庭社会工作实践中的作用。在对当前理解社会工作知识的方法进行审查之后,文章确定了五个关键的相互关联的项目,这些项目是由保守党政府建立的。它认为,这些旨在为现有的社会工作知识库提供深远的政治殖民,这应该受到所有社会工作利益相关者的抵制。
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引用次数: 10
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Social Work and Social Sciences Review
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