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Harmonisation of higher education in Africa: 20 years after the Bologna Process 非洲高等教育的协调:博洛尼亚进程20年后
IF 0.9 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.18543/tjhe-9(1)-2021pp103-126
A. Y. Adamu
It has been 20 years since the Bologna Process has been realized, and the present paper examines efforts made to harmonise higher education in Africa. Similar to other continents, the higher education reform in Africa is inspired by the Bologna Process. This is clearly reflected in the African Union strategy for harmonisation of higher education and different reforms and harmonisation initiatives. The reforms in African higher education are directly and indirectly influenced by the European Union which is also the main financer and technical partner in the development and implementation of higher education harmonisation in Africa. There are different factors that affect the institutionalisation and sustainability of harmonisation initiatives in Africa. Some of the major factors include lack of strong and genuine cooperation among African HEIs, lack of nations’ political commitment to higher reforms, and lack of contextualisation in adopting reforms and strategies. Although the effort to harmonise African higher education is commendable, it is important to look for innovative strategies and reforms which are mainly based on the actual challenges that Africa is facing and the ultimate goal it envisions to achieve. Africa also needs to earnestly ‘conainise’ (continentalise, nationalise and institutionalise) reforms and harmonisation strategies adopted from elsewhere. Received: 18 October 2020Accepted: 9 September 2021
博洛尼亚进程已经实现了20年,本文件审查了为协调非洲高等教育所作的努力。与其他大陆一样,非洲的高等教育改革也受到了博洛尼亚进程的启发。这清楚地反映在非洲联盟的高等教育协调战略和不同的改革和协调倡议中。非洲高等教育的改革直接或间接地受到欧盟的影响,欧盟也是非洲高等教育协调发展和实施的主要资助者和技术伙伴。影响非洲协调倡议制度化和可持续性的因素有很多。一些主要因素包括非洲高等教育机构之间缺乏强有力和真正的合作,缺乏各国对更高层次改革的政治承诺,以及在采取改革和战略时缺乏背景。虽然协调非洲高等教育的努力值得赞扬,但重要的是要寻找创新的战略和改革,这些战略和改革主要基于非洲面临的实际挑战和它设想实现的最终目标。非洲还需要认真地“遏制”(大陆化、国有化和制度化)其他地区采用的改革和协调战略。收稿日期:2020年10月18日接收日期:2021年9月9日
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引用次数: 1
The e-portfolio in higher education: The case of a line of teaching innovation and complex change management 高等教育中的电子档案:以教学创新与复杂变更管理为例
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.18543/tjhe-9(1)-2021pp29-64
Alfredo Berbegal Vázquez, Abel Merino Orozco, Ana Arraiz Pérez, Fernando Sabirón Sierra
This work proposes a line of innovation to implement possible uses for the e-portfolio in higher education. We present an initial framework for analysis with attention to three main arguments: the validity of the interest of the e-portfolio for higher education in light of the current challenges posed by the knowledge society; the relevance of complex change management within organisations such as universities; and the identification of critical elements in the relevant literature concerning experiences similar to the case analysed here. The milestones for the line of innovation include six projects and three teacher training courses. Once data had been gathered in the respective assessment phases for each milestone by means of document analysis techniques (e-portfolios, teaching materials, usage statistics), questionnaires, discussion groups, in-depth interviews, and self-assessments (responsible academics, teachers, and students), a global analysis of the whole line was conducted from a complex approach to the problems of teaching change and innovation. A technological, political and cultural reading of innovation reveals emerging problems to reconsider: the attainment of deep learning; the standardisation of academic tutoring; the formation of learning and practice communities; the reconceptualisation of the e-portfolio as a personal learning environment; and the transformation of the university institution as a learning organisation. The premature condition of higher education to deal with the change in the teaching paradigm and the urgency to revisit its innovation policies to overcome it stand out among the critical conclusions of this study. Received: 27 April 2021Accepted: 27 October 2021
这项工作提出了一系列创新,以实现高等教育中电子投资组合的可能用途。我们提出了一个初步的分析框架,关注三个主要论点:鉴于当前知识社会带来的挑战,高等教育电子投资组合的利益有效性;大学等组织中复杂变革管理的相关性;并在相关文献中找出与本案例相似的经验的关键要素。创新路线的里程碑包括六个项目和三个教师培训课程。一旦通过文档分析技术(电子档案、教材、使用统计)、问卷调查、讨论小组、深度访谈和自我评估(负责任的学者、教师和学生)在每个里程碑的各自评估阶段收集了数据,就可以从复杂的方法对教学变革和创新的问题进行全线的全球分析。对创新的技术、政治和文化解读揭示了需要重新思考的新问题:实现深度学习;学术辅导的规范化;形成学习和实践社区;将电子档案重新定义为个人学习环境;以及大学机构向学习型组织的转变。高等教育应对教学范式变化的条件尚不成熟,迫切需要重新审视其创新政策以克服这种变化,这是本研究的关键结论之一。收稿日期:2021年4月27日接收日期:2021年10月27日
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引用次数: 1
A Comparative analysis of global competences within the framework of internationalized curricula 国际化课程框架下全球竞争力的比较分析
IF 0.9 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-05-23 DOI: 10.18543/tjhe-8(2)-2021pp25-53
Pablo Beneitone,Maria Yarosh
An agreement seems to exist that graduates must be equipped with competences required to act successfully and appropriately in a global context. Many authors have proposed lists of competences that could form part of such a graduate profile which must be taken into account when designing internationalized curricula. However, merely listing of a competence does not guarantee that students develop it to the level expected by society. The present article reports on a meta-study based on eight Tuning studies. This meta-study compared the findings across the eight Tuning studies in terms of the different stakeholder groups’ ratings of importance and achievement of 11 global competences – generic competences valued by over 71,000 graduates, employers, students and academics in more than 100 countries and across four continents (Europe, Latin America, Africa and Asia). The contribution of the meta-study presented consists in offering a possibility to identify commonalities and differences among the perceptions of the four key stakeholder groups, not only across all the individual studies but also at the level of the four continents – something never accomplished until the present date. In addition, it will help identify the competences that might require particular attention of curriculum designers and teaching teams for students to develop these competences to the level perceived as optimal in different regions of the world. Future research questions are identified with the aim to enrich and validate or fine-tune these initial findings and compensate for the limitations related to the general timeline of the 8 individual Tuning studies that the meta-study built on. Received: 31 March 2021Accepted: 06 May 2021
似乎存在这样一种共识,即毕业生必须具备在全球背景下成功和适当地行动所需的能力。许多作者提出了可以构成这种毕业生概况一部分的能力清单,在设计国际化课程时必须考虑到这些能力。然而,仅仅列出一项能力并不能保证学生将其发展到社会所期望的水平。本文报告了一项基于八项调谐研究的元研究。这项元研究比较了8项Tuning研究的结果,根据不同利益相关者群体对11项全球能力的重要性和成就的评级,这些能力受到来自100多个国家和四大洲(欧洲、拉丁美洲、非洲和亚洲)的71,000多名毕业生、雇主、学生和学者的重视。所提出的元研究的贡献在于提供了一种可能性,可以识别四个关键利益相关者群体的看法之间的共性和差异,不仅跨越所有的个人研究,而且在四大洲的层面上——这是迄今为止从未完成的事情。此外,它将有助于确定可能需要课程设计者和教学团队特别关注的能力,以便学生将这些能力发展到世界不同地区认为最佳的水平。确定未来的研究问题,目的是丰富和验证或微调这些初步发现,并弥补与元研究建立的8个单独调整研究的总体时间轴相关的局限性。接收:2021年3月31日接受:2021年5月6日
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引用次数: 2
Introduction 介绍
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2020-11-26 DOI: 10.18543/tjhe-8(1)-2020pp19-24
M. Gobbi
Papers in this edition have considered the role of existing or new Tuning competences in aspects of governance. We must now question the extent to which the multi -faceted nature of the evolving trends in contemporary governance and self -governance are sufficiently included in our Tuning competences. Indeed, will it be timely post COVID to reappraise the very concepts of Governance itself? How can ‘evaluative’ governance occur in times of crisis when finding the time for analytical reflection is itself the challenge? Indeed, is there something to be learnt from models of ‘realistic/ pragmatic evaluation’?
本版中的论文考虑了现有或新的调整能力在治理方面的作用。我们现在必须质疑当代治理和自治发展趋势的多方面性质在多大程度上充分包含在我们的调整能力中。事实上,在新冠疫情后重新评估治理本身的概念是否及时?当找到时间进行分析反思本身就是一个挑战时,“评估性”治理如何在危机时期发生?事实上,从“现实/务实评估”模式中可以学到什么吗?
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引用次数: 0
Meta-profile and competencies for harmonisation of higher education in sector-specific technology areas: A case study of Renewable Energy in Southern Africa 在特定部门技术领域协调高等教育的元概况和能力:南部非洲可再生能源案例研究
IF 0.9 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-11-26 DOI: 10.18543/tjhe-8(1)-2020pp75-97
W. Zörner, N. Mahomed, A. Zulu, T. Bader, C. Tenthani, B. Cuamba, H. Chingosho
The aim of this study was to develop the profile and competencies of a harmonised curriculum for a multi-country regional sector-specific higher education programme. The study, which was based on a case study of Renewable Energy involving six countries in Southern Africa, was based on established methodologies proposed by previous studies on harmonisation and profiling of higher education programmes. The study uses a general curriculum development approach leading to the definition of generic and specific competencies and feeding into a learning taxonomy to create alignment with specific learning outcomes at the intended qualification level. However, the approach extends the harmonisation concept to include industrialisation potential, which is crucial in the developing-country context. This allows for the exploitation of shared resources in sector-specific technology areas and supports the development of regional standards on technology and practice, as part of developing a sustainable regional economic sector. Twentytwo competencies, encompassing both generic and specific competencies, were defined. These competencies were grouped into six key competence areas, and later transformed into four clusters of competencies: core competencies, hard skills, soft skills and attitudes. These four clusters were then placed on a planetary system to represent the meta-profile for the qualification, which forms the framework for the future design of learning materials for the qualification. Received: 24 June 2019Accepted: 5 October 2020
本研究的目的是为多国区域特定部门的高等教育计划制定统一课程的概况和能力。这项研究基于一项涉及南部非洲六个国家的可再生能源案例研究,基于先前关于高等教育计划协调和分析的研究提出的既定方法。该研究使用了一种通用的课程开发方法,从而定义了通用和特定的能力,并将其纳入学习分类法,以在预期的资格水平上与特定的学习结果保持一致。然而,该方法将协调概念扩展到包括工业化潜力,这在发展中国家的背景下至关重要。这允许在特定部门的技术领域开发共享资源,并支持制定技术和实践方面的区域标准,作为发展可持续区域经济部门的一部分。定义了22项能力,包括一般能力和具体能力。这些能力被分为六个关键能力领域,后来又转变为四组能力:核心能力、硬技能、软技能和态度。然后,将这四个集群放在一个行星系统上,以表示资格认证的元概况,这构成了未来设计资格认证学习材料的框架。接收日期:2019年6月24日接受日期:2020年10月5日
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引用次数: 0
Editorial 社论
IF 0.9 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-11-26 DOI: 10.18543/tjhe-8(1)-2020pp13-15
M. Gobbi
Since the last edition of the Journal, six months ago, the world has experienced not only the first wave of COVID 19, but for many countries they are now in the grip of the second wave. Universities in both hemispheres have returned to new semesters, with students experiencing more ‘online’ learning, outbreaks of COVID in university or local residences. The psychological and mental health consequences of no longer being able to live life in ‘close proximity’ means that our students have missed social events that formerly were an integral part of university enculturation. The acceleration of distance, virtual and other forms of ‘remote’ learning has provided an overnight transformation of the academy, with Faculty staff learning new skills and a new vocabulary as the curricula are reformed and reframed out of necessity.
自上一期《华尔街日报》六个月前出版以来,世界不仅经历了第一波新冠肺炎疫情,而且对许多国家来说,他们现在正处于第二波疫情之中。两个半球的大学都恢复了新学期,学生们经历了更多的“在线”学习,新冠肺炎疫情在大学或当地住所爆发。无法再“近距离”生活的心理和心理健康后果意味着我们的学生错过了以前是大学文化不可或缺的一部分的社交活动。远程、虚拟和其他形式的“远程”学习的加速为学院带来了一夜之间的转变,随着课程的必要性改革和重新构建,学院工作人员学习了新技能和新词汇。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial 编辑
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2020-05-19 DOI: 10.18543/tjhe-7(2)-2020pp13-14
M. Gobbi
Live life when you have it. Life is a splendid gift-there is nothing small about it (Florence Nightingale).For those whose time has been cut short by the coronavirus, we dedicate this edition of the Journal. To our readers who have lost loved ones, we offer our deepest condolences, thoughts and, for those of faith, our prayers..Published online: 19 May 2020
有了生活就活下去。生活是一份美好的礼物,没有什么小不了的(弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔)。对于那些因冠状病毒而缩短了时间的人,我们献上本期《华尔街日报》。向失去亲人的读者,我们致以最深切的哀悼、思念,并为那些有信仰的人祈祷。。在线发布:2020年5月19日
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引用次数: 0
Introduction 介绍
IF 0.9 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-05-19 DOI: 10.18543/tjhe-7(2)-2020pp17-21
M. Gobbi
This edition of the Journal shows how different strategies – whether at the macro or micro level – are employed by Higher Education Institutions to address the ‘soft’ or ‘employment’ skills and experiences that prepare (post) graduates entering the labour market. While it is expected that graduates have acquired the necessary subject specific and generic competences associated with their field of study, these papers discuss how it is increasingly important that graduates can make positive transitions into the different dimensions of the employment market: be it at local or global level.Published online: 19 May 2020
本期《华尔街日报》展示了高等教育机构如何在宏观或微观层面采用不同的策略来解决为毕业生进入劳动力市场做准备的“软”或“就业”技能和经验。虽然期望毕业生获得与他们的研究领域相关的必要的学科特定和通用能力,但这些论文讨论了毕业生如何在就业市场的不同维度上做出积极的转变,无论是在当地还是在全球层面,这是越来越重要的。2020年5月19日在线发布
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引用次数: 0
Introduction 介绍
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2019-11-29 DOI: 10.18543/tjhe-7(1)-2019pp13-15
M. Gobbi
In this issue, the metaphor of ‘Viewing Self’ at national, institutional and personal level has demonstrated how historical context, theoretical modelling, globalisation, competitiveness and the driver of professional aspiration, when subject to the critical lens of reflection, provide avenues for change and improvement within Higher Education.Published online: 29 November 2019
在本期文章中,国家、机构和个人层面的“审视自我”隐喻展示了历史背景、理论模型、全球化、竞争力和职业抱负的驱动力,当受到批判性反思的审视时,如何为高等教育的变革和改进提供途径。在线发布:2019年11月29日
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引用次数: 0
A model for the evaluation of competence-based learning implementation in higher education institutions: Criteria and indicators 高等教育机构实施能力学习的评估模型:标准与指标
IF 0.9 Pub Date : 2019-05-29 DOI: 10.18543/TJHE-6(2)-2019PP127-174
M. Bezanilla, Ana María García Olalla, Jessica Paños Castro, M. Ruiz
Almost twenty years after the Bologna Declaration was signed, the extent to which universities are embracing competence-based learning is a topic of much interest. This article presents a comprehensive model for the analysis of the implementation of competence-based learning (CBL) in Higher Education. An extensive bibliographic review was carried out on the concept of competence-based learning and on each of its constituent elements, with a view to proposing a model made up of seven dimensions and a set of evaluation criteria and indicators. The areas reviewed were the legal and administrative context, the institutional context, the degree programme planning process (including the individual modules/subjects within it), teaching practices and their assessment, and the review and improvement of the overall process. This explanatory model can be very useful to universities, particularly from Spain and Latin America, for assessing their level of implementation of competence-based learning, and identifying their strengths and areas for development.Received: 11 April 2019Accepted: 20 May 2019Published online: 29 May 2019
在《博洛尼亚宣言》签署近二十年后,大学在多大程度上接受基于能力的学习是一个备受关注的话题。本文提出了一个综合分析能力学习在高等教育中实施情况的模型。对基于能力的学习概念及其每一个组成要素进行了广泛的书目审查,以期提出一个由七个方面和一套评价标准和指标组成的模式。审查的领域包括法律和行政环境、机构环境、学位课程规划过程(包括其中的个别模块/科目)、教学实践及其评估,以及对整个过程的审查和改进。这一解释性模型对于大学,特别是西班牙和拉丁美洲的大学来说非常有用,可以用来评估它们实施基于能力的学习的水平,并确定它们的优势和发展领域。收稿日期:2019年4月11日接收日期:2019年5月20日发布日期:2019年5月29日
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引用次数: 15
期刊
Tuning Journal for Higher Education
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