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Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Regarding Management Of Biomedical Waste Among House Officer And Nursing Staff In Teaching Hospitals Of District South, Karachi 卡拉奇南区教学医院住院部主任和护理人员对生物医学废物管理的知识、态度和做法
Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.58397/ashkmdc.v28i2.203
Asadullah, Nazia Jameel, Syed Imtiaz Ahmed Jafry, Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar Hyder Naqvi, Farhat Jahan
Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding management of biomedical waste among the house officers and nursing staff in teaching hospitals of District South, Karachi. Methods: A cross sectional knowledge, attitude and practice survey was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019 among the house officer and the nursing staff working at different teaching hospitals of District South, Karachi. A total of 196 house officers and staff nurses were included in the study after checking their eligibility. The participants were interviewed by the principal investigator with the help of a structure questionnaire develop specifically for this study. Data were entered and analyzed on SPSS version 20. Inferential analysis was performed using Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis H test whereas the significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The study results revealed that among demographic variables categories of age and profession had significantly different mean knowledge rank (p<0.001 and p=0.015 respectively), categories of profession and monthly income had significantly different mean attitude rank (p=0.009 and p=0.029 respectively) whereas none of the demographic variables were significantly associated with practice of the participants. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the knowledge, attitude and practices of the participants were mostly satisfactory. Moreover, few of the demographic characteristics were significantly associated with the knowledge and attitude of the participants, but not with their practices.   
目的:了解卡拉奇南区教学医院住院部主任和护理人员对生物医学废物管理的知识、态度和做法。方法:于2018年11月至2019年4月对卡拉奇南区不同教学医院的住院部主任和护理人员进行知识、态度和行为的横断面调查。在检查了196名院务人员和护士的资格后,他们被纳入了这项研究。主要研究者对参与者进行了访谈,并使用了专门为本研究开发的结构问卷。使用SPSS version 20进行数据录入和分析。采用Mann Whitney U检验和Kruskal Wallis H检验进行推理分析,显著性水平为0.05。结果:人口统计变量中,年龄和职业类别的平均知识等级差异显著(p<0.001和p=0.015),职业和月收入类别的平均态度等级差异显著(p=0.009和p=0.029),而所有人口统计变量与被试的实践均无显著相关。结论:参试人员的知识、态度和行为基本令人满意。此外,很少有人口统计学特征与参与者的知识和态度显著相关,但与他们的实践无关。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) Among Urban Women of a Low-Resource Country 低资源国家城市妇女乳房自我检查的知识与实践
Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.58397/ashkmdc.v28i2.650
Zohra Jabeen Zohra Jabeen, Sulhera Khan, F. Jafri, A. H. Khan, M. Khan, N. Shah
Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude & practices of breast self-examination among women residing in the district 'Central' of Karachi and to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of breast self-examination among high risk Ca breast women residing in the district central of Karachi.Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, study was carried out among women attending a charitable hospital in Karachi, in 2018. The data was collected through a convenience sampling technique, and was analyzed by using SPSS version 24.0. Descriptive statistics of socio-demographic variables were presented as mean ± SD for continuous variables and frequency or percentages for categorical variables. The Chi-square test was used to test the association between knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Ca breast and breast self-examination, p-value <0.05 consider significant,Results: The mean age of the 172 participants was 30.73±6.84 years, 34.9% were educated with primary education, and 41.9% had 5-7 family members. 90.1% participants were married and 92.4% were housewives. All were Muslims. 65.7% females had heard of BSE and source of information was their family members. However, 50.6 % were practicing BSE, while 24.1% execute it monthly, 75.9% preferred to examine their breasts with fingers of the opposite hand, 77.3% of females agreed BSE was important for breast health. There was an association between age and practices of BSE and was 63.3% highest among participants aged 31-40 years and was lowest 42.7% among those between 20-30 years of age (p=0.041). About 75% of the females who were graduated, performed BSE as compared to only 40% uneducated females (p=0.270)Conclusion: The practices of breast self-examination were low and there is dire need of implementation of health education programme on BSE for early detection of Ca breast. The practice of breast self-examination is low and required implementation of health education programme on BSE for early detection of Ca beast.
目的:了解卡拉奇中部地区妇女乳房自检的知识、态度和行为,了解卡拉奇中部地区高危乳腺癌妇女乳房自检的知识、态度和行为。方法:这项描述性、横断面、基于问卷的研究于2018年在卡拉奇一家慈善医院就诊的女性中进行。数据采用方便抽样法采集,采用SPSS 24.0进行统计分析。社会人口统计学变量的描述性统计对连续变量用均数±标准差表示,对分类变量用频率或百分比表示。采用卡方检验检验Ca乳房知识、态度和行为与乳房自检的相关性,p值<0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:172名参与者的平均年龄为30.73±6.84岁,34.9%的人受过小学教育,41.9%的人有5-7名家庭成员。90.1%的受访者已婚,92.4%为家庭主妇。65.7%的女性曾听说过疯牛病,其信息来源为其家庭成员。然而,50.6%的人正在进行疯牛病检查,24.1%的人每月进行一次,75.9%的人喜欢用相反的手的手指检查乳房,77.3%的女性认为疯牛病对乳房健康很重要。年龄与疯牛病的发病有相关性,31-40岁的患者发病率最高,为63.3%,20-30岁的患者发病率最低,为42.7% (p=0.041)。大学毕业女性的乳腺自检率为75%,而未受教育女性的乳腺自检率为40% (p=0.270)。结论:乳腺自检率较低,迫切需要实施BSE健康教育计划,早期发现Ca乳房。乳房自检率低,需要实施疯牛病健康教育计划,早期发现Ca兽。
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引用次数: 0
Association of Educational Status of Mothers and Incomplete Immunization in Children 母亲教育状况与儿童免疫不全协会
Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.58397/ashkmdc.v28i2.580
Sarah Aslam, F. Saeed, Erum Saboohi, Sadaf Saeed Shami, Saba Siddiqui, Mehwish Afzal
Objective: To determine the association of educational status of mothers and incomplete immunization in children presented at Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi.Methods: This Case-control study was conducted at Pediatric department, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi; from July 2018 to January 2019. The data were prospectively collected from 434 subjects with consent out of which 217 had an incomplete vaccination status and 217 had completed vaccination status. Case group included unvaccinated children whose mothers were uneducated (mothers were labeled un-educated who were never enrolled in school, madrasa and received primary education), whereas control group included vaccinated children whose mothers were educated (mothers were labeled educated who were enrolled in school, madrasa and received primary education).Quantitative data were presented as simple descriptive statistics giving mean and standard deviation and qualitative variables were presented as frequency and percentages. Chi-square test was applied to compare both groups and the odds ratio was calculated. Effect modifiers were controlled through stratification to see the effect of these on the outcome variable. Using post-stratification chi-square test, a p-value of ?0.05 was considered as significant.Results: A total of 434 (217 cases and 217 controls) were included in this study. The mean age was 3.27±1.79 years (case) and 3.49±1.40 years (controls). Educational status of mothers was assessed verbally. Uneducated mothers are defined as those who did not receive formal education of any level, while educated mothers are defined as those who were enrolled in school or madarsa and received primary education or more.  On the basis of which the uneducated mothers in case group were 144 (66.4%) while in control group was 52 (24%).Children with incomplete immunization were 6.25 times more likely to have uneducated mothers than those with complete immunization, after controlling for the other factors.Conclusion: This study has strengthened the value of maternal education in context of complete childhood immunization because acquisition of literacy and health-seeking behavior enhance vaccine uptake for their children. 
目的:确定在卡拉奇三级保健医院就诊的母亲教育状况与儿童免疫不全的关系。方法:本病例-对照研究在卡拉奇Abbasi Shaheed医院儿科进行;从2018年7月到2019年1月。前瞻性收集了434名受试者的数据,其中217名未完全接种疫苗,217名已完成接种疫苗。病例组包括未接种疫苗的儿童,其母亲未受过教育(从未在学校、伊斯兰学校入学并接受初等教育的母亲被标记为未受过教育),而对照组包括接种疫苗的儿童,其母亲受过教育(在学校、伊斯兰学校入学并接受初等教育的母亲被标记为受过教育)。定量数据以简单的描述性统计给出均值和标准差,定性变量以频率和百分比表示。两组比较采用卡方检验,计算优势比。通过分层控制效果调节剂,观察这些调节剂对结果变量的影响。采用分层后卡方检验,p值为0.05为显著性。结果:共纳入434例,其中病例217例,对照组217例。平均年龄(病例)为3.27±1.79岁,(对照组)为3.49±1.40岁。口头评估母亲的教育状况。未受教育的母亲被定义为未接受任何正规教育的人,而受过教育的母亲被定义为在学校或伊斯兰学校入学并接受初等或以上教育的人。在此基础上,病例组未受教育母亲144人(66.4%),对照组52人(24%)。在控制了其他因素后,未完全免疫的儿童的母亲未受教育的可能性是完全免疫的儿童的6.25倍。结论:本研究加强了在儿童全面免疫背景下的母亲教育的价值,因为获得识字和寻求健康的行为可以提高他们的孩子对疫苗的吸收。
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引用次数: 0
ChatGPT - A Revolution in Dentistry ChatGPT -牙科的一场革命
Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.58397/ashkmdc.v28i2.683
Ramsha Ayub, Hira Ayub
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the Syndemics in Pakistan: Navigating the Challenges of Emerging Diseases like Monkeypox 揭秘巴基斯坦的传染病:应对猴痘等新发疾病的挑战
Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.58397/ashkmdc.v28i2.686
Noor Zehra, Sukaina Shabbir
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引用次数: 0
A Scale Development for Assessing the Drive for Muscularity Among Pakistani Bodybuilders 评估巴基斯坦健美运动员肌肉动力的尺度发展
Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.58397/ashkmdc.v28i2.448
Umaiza Bashir, Sadia Rehman
Objective: The study was devised to develop the indigenous scale of drive for muscularity among Pakistani bodybuildersMethod: To explore the manifestation of drive for muscularity phenomenological approach was used, in which open ended question was asked from the 35 gym user men from different gyms. A list of the 28 most frequently reported items after initial screening was generated. For empirical validation Through 4 expert coaches of the gym were approached then pilot study was administered. In main study 211 bodybuilders were included for test the psychometric properties of indigenous scale.Results: On the basis of Eigen value > 1, the 26 items were extracted. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 2 factors of developed scale. The descriptive label was assigned to each factor on the basis of commonality of items termed as “muscle enhancing behaviors” and “thoughts and desires” related muscular body. A significant positive correlation was found between Drive for Muscularity Inventory and Drive for Muscularity Scale. Drive for Muscularity Inventory was also found to be a valid and reliable scale (test-retest reliability =0.82 and split half reliability = 0.87) with acceptable psychometric properties.Conclusion: Indigenous developed Drive for muscularity scale found to have high internal consistency, construct validity, split-half reliability, and test–retest reliability. 
方法:采用现象学方法,对来自不同健身房的35名男性健身者进行开放式问卷调查,探讨其肌肉动力的表现形式。初步筛选后生成了28个最常报告项目的清单。为进行实证验证,通过对4名体育专业教练进行接触,并进行初步研究。本研究以211名健美运动员为研究对象,采用国产量表对其心理测量特性进行测试。结果:在Eigen值> 1的基础上,提取出26个项目。探索性因子分析揭示了2个影响量表发育的因素。描述性标签是根据与肌肉体相关的“增强肌肉行为”和“思想和欲望”项目的共性分配给每个因素的。肌肉力量量表与肌肉力量量表呈显著正相关。肌肉力量量表的驱动也被发现是一个有效和可靠的量表(重测信度=0.82,二分信度= 0.87),具有可接受的心理测量特性。结论:国产肌肉动力量表具有较高的内部一致性、结构效度、分半信度和重测信度。
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引用次数: 0
Frequency of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Ischemic Stroke 缺血性脑卒中缺铁性贫血的发生频率
Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.58397/ashkmdc.v28i2.674
Zille-Huma, Zunaira Nawaz, S. Tahir, A. Mobin, S. Kashif, Inam E Khuda
 Objective: To determine the frequency of iron deficiency anemia in ischemic stroke.Methods: Total 200 patients with ischemic stroke were included. Investigations including Hemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), MeanCorpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) serum iron level, and serum ferritin level, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), White Blood Cell (WBC) count andplatelets count (PC) were done. CT scan of brain was also done.Mean±SD were evaluated for quantitative variables which were distributed normally. However, median with inter-quartile range were evaluated for quantitative variables which were non-normally distributed. Data was compiled using SPSS version 25. To check normality of data, Shapiro-Wilk test was applied. To compare the association of qualitative variables, Chi-square test was used. Pvalue ?0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: In our study, out of 200 patients having ischemic stroke, 156 (78%) patients were found with iron deficiency and 44 (22%) did not have iron deficiency. Total 164 (82%) patients were anemic and 36 (18%) did not have anemia. The results showed significant mean ranks for Ferritin (p<0.001), Iron (p<0.001), Hemoglobin(p<0.001), Mean Corpuscular Volume(p<0.001), Mean Cell Hemoglobin(p<0.001), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration(p<0.001), and Total Iron Binding Capacity(p=0.005) with respect to iron deficiency, however White Blood Count (p=0.417) and platelet counts (p=0.511) did not have significant mean rank with respect to iron deficiency. As far as anemia is concerned, significant mean ranks was observed for Ferritin (p=0.002), Iron (p<0.001), Hemoglobin (p<0.001), Mean Corpuscular Volume (p<0.001), Mean Cell Hemoglobin (p<0.001), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (p<0.001). However, white blood count (p=0.270), platelet counts (p=0.320), and Total Iron Binding Capacity (p=0.535) did not have significant mean rank. .A significant association of iron deficiency with anemia (p<0.001) was also observedConclusion: Study results show thatsignificant number ofischemic stroke patients have iron deficiency anemia. 
目的:了解缺血性脑卒中患者缺铁性贫血的发生频率。方法:对200例缺血性脑卒中患者进行分析。检查包括血红蛋白、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、血清铁水平、血清铁蛋白水平、总铁结合能力(TIBC)、白细胞(WBC)计数和血小板计数(PC)。同时行颅脑CT扫描。正态分布的定量变量取均数±标准差。然而,对于非正态分布的定量变量,采用四分位数范围的中位数进行评估。数据采用SPSS 25版进行统计。为检验数据的正态性,采用Shapiro-Wilk检验。比较定性变量间的相关性,采用卡方检验。p值0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:在我们的研究中,在200例缺血性卒中患者中,156例(78%)患者发现缺铁,44例(22%)患者不缺铁。164例(82%)患者贫血,36例(18%)患者无贫血。结果显示铁蛋白(p<0.001)、铁(p<0.001)、血红蛋白(p<0.001)、平均红细胞体积(p<0.001)、平均细胞血红蛋白(p<0.001)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(p<0.001)和总铁结合能力(p=0.005)在缺铁方面的平均排名显著,但白细胞计数(p=0.417)和血小板计数(p=0.511)在缺铁方面没有显著的平均排名。在贫血方面,铁蛋白(p=0.002)、铁(p<0.001)、血红蛋白(p<0.001)、平均红细胞体积(p<0.001)、平均细胞血红蛋白(p<0.001)和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(p<0.001)的平均值均有显著性差异。然而,白细胞计数(p=0.270)、血小板计数(p=0.320)和总铁结合能力(p=0.535)的平均水平无显著性差异,缺铁与贫血之间存在显著相关性(p<0.001)。结论:研究结果表明,缺血性卒中患者有显著数量的缺铁性贫血。
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引用次数: 0
Pitfalls of Medico-legal System in Sindh 信德省医疗法律制度的缺陷
Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.58397/ashkmdc.v28i2.645
Sadia Abdul Qayyum, Syed Muakkaram Ali
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引用次数: 0
Forensic Dentistry – An Important Core Subject Missing From Dental Curricula in Pakistan 法医牙科-巴基斯坦牙科课程中缺失的重要核心科目
Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.58397/ashkmdc.v28i2.688
A. Mirza, Mohammad Rafique Moosa, S. Saad
Correspondence: Prof. Dr. Asaad Javaid Faculty of Dentistry, Baqai Med University Email: asaadjmirza@gmail.com Date of Submission: 20th May 2023 Date of Acceptance: 29th may 2023 Forensic dentistry is a branch of forensic science that involves use of dental knowledge in legal matters. Dentists can play important role in identifying victims of crime, accidents, and disasters and in identifying perpetrators of crimes1,2. Dear Editor,
通讯:Baqai医科大学牙科学院Asaad Javaid教授博士Email: asaadjmirza@gmail.com提交日期:2023年5月20日接受日期:2023年5月29日法医牙科是法医学的一个分支,涉及在法律事务中使用牙科知识。牙医可以在识别犯罪、事故和灾难的受害者以及识别罪犯方面发挥重要作用1,2。亲爱的编辑,
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引用次数: 0
The Frequency and Risk Factors for COVID-19 Infection among Healthcare Workers in a Large-Scale University Teaching Hospital: A Case Control Study 某大型大学教学医院医务人员COVID-19感染频率及危险因素的病例对照研究
Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.58397/ashkmdc.v28i2.563
Ghulam Fatima, Ashraf Jahangeer, Amjad Siraj Memon, N. Nisar, Muhammad K. Hamdan, M. Quraishy
Objective: This study aims to find out the frequency and risk factors responsible for COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers in a large-scale university teaching hospital.Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 185 healthcare workers sampled from the database of 1309 participants maintained at Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi. Both the cases and controls were derived from the hospital’s database of COVID-19 Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and COVID-19 antibody tests performed on the said population. The participants included were physicians working in the hospital. They were grouped into cases and controls based on the positive diagnostic tests. We administered a simple structured questionnaire over the telephone and face to face for the interview. Statistical analyses were performed on IBM SPSS version 25.Results: The mean age of cases was significantly different than controls [cases (32.7±9.9) vs controls (38.8±10.6), p-value=0.002]. More cases 29/37 (78.3%) were working at a single setting compared to controls 54/148 (36.5%) (P-value <0.001). The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), exposure to COVID-19 patients and experiencing symptoms also had statistical significance with the odds of infection (p-value <0.05).Conclusion: This study concludes that younger age, exposure to a known COVID-19 patient and longer duration of exposure among the hospital physicians is associated with positive COVID-19 results. Therefore, it is imperative that adequate measures be undertaken to limit the exposure to COVID-19 patients in this age group.
目的:了解某大型大学教学医院医务人员COVID-19感染的发生频率及相关危险因素。方法:本病例对照研究从卡拉奇Ruth K. M. Pfau医生民用医院的1309名参与者数据库中抽取185名卫生保健工作者。病例和对照组均来自医院的COVID-19逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)数据库和对上述人群进行的COVID-19抗体检测。参与者包括在医院工作的医生。根据阳性诊断结果将他们分为病例和对照组。我们通过电话和面对面的方式进行了简单的结构化问卷调查。采用IBM SPSS version 25进行统计分析。结果:病例的平均年龄与对照组有显著差异[病例(32.7±9.9)vs对照组(38.8±10.6),p值=0.002]。与对照组54/148(36.5%)相比,有29/37(78.3%)病例在单一环境下工作(p值<0.001)。使用个人防护装备、接触新冠肺炎患者、出现症状与感染几率也有统计学意义(p值<0.05)。结论:本研究得出结论,年龄较小、接触已知COVID-19患者以及医院医生接触时间较长与COVID-19阳性结果相关。因此,必须采取适当措施,限制这一年龄组与COVID-19患者的接触。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Annals Abbasi Shaheed Hospital & Karachi Medical & Dental College
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