This paper presents the ‘discrete lattice model’, or, simply, the ‘lattice model’, developed for rock failure modeling. The main difficulties in numerical modeling, namely, those related to complex crack initiations and multiple crack propagations, their coalescence under the influence of natural disorder, and heterogeneities, are overcome using the approach presented in this paper. The lattice model is constructed as an assembly of Timoshenko beams, representing the cohesive links between the grains of the material, which are described by Voronoi polygons. The kinematics of the Timoshenko beams are enhanced by the embedded strong discontinuities in their axial and transversal directions so as to provide failure modes I, II, and III. The model presented is suitable for meso-scale rock simulations. The representative numerical simulations, in both 2D and 3D settings, are provided in order to illustrate the model’s capabilities.
{"title":"DISCRETE LATTICE ELEMENT APPROACH FOR ROCK FAILURE MODELING","authors":"M. Nikolić, A. Ibrahimbegovic, P. Miščević","doi":"10.13167/2017.14.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13167/2017.14.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the ‘discrete lattice model’, or, simply, the ‘lattice model’, developed for rock failure modeling. The main difficulties in numerical modeling, namely, those related to complex crack initiations and multiple crack propagations, their coalescence under the influence of natural disorder, and heterogeneities, are overcome using the approach presented in this paper. The lattice model is constructed as an assembly of Timoshenko beams, representing the cohesive links between the grains of the material, which are described by Voronoi polygons. The kinematics of the Timoshenko beams are enhanced by the embedded strong discontinuities in their axial and transversal directions so as to provide failure modes I, II, and III. The model presented is suitable for meso-scale rock simulations. The representative numerical simulations, in both 2D and 3D settings, are provided in order to illustrate the model’s capabilities.","PeriodicalId":53887,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek-e-GFOS","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43764355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cross laminated timber (CLT) is a versatile engineered timber product that is increasingly well-known and of global interest in several applications s
交叉层压木材（CLT）是一种多用途的工程木材产品，越来越为人所知，在一些应用领域引起了全球的兴趣
{"title":"STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF IN-PLANE LOADED CLT BEAMS","authors":"M. Jeleč, K. Strukar, V. Rajčić","doi":"10.13167/2017.14.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13167/2017.14.3","url":null,"abstract":"Cross laminated timber (CLT) is a versatile engineered timber product that is increasingly well-known and of global interest in several applications s","PeriodicalId":53887,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek-e-GFOS","volume":"8 1","pages":"20-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44086207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Complexity in takeoff and landing operations of helicopters require careful planning and designing of heliport infrastructure. The world's biggest aviation organization, namely Federal Aviation Administration and International Civil Aviation Organization, published their standards and designing recommendations for heliport designers to implement that are analyzed and compared in this paper. In the Republic of Croatia, helicopters are designed according to the recommendations of National heliport regulations which are based on recommendations of International Civil Aviation Organization (Annex 14). The practical part of the paper deals with the implementation of national heliport standard recommendations in two variants of heliport designs for emergency medical service for the clinical hospital center in Osijek. As a potential location of the new heliport for emergency medical transportation a transit port is analyzed because it is close to the clinical hospital center in Osijek and is well connected with the existing road infrastructure, and it is also possible to make a direct access to the hospital complex from the north side. Two solutions were analyzed and compared upon the criteria of accessibility, security of operations and possibility for instrument flight conditions, size of heliport and necessary areas, costs of building and maintenance and helicopter noise. There is an intention that regional capital cities that have clinical hospital centers need to have infrastructure for emergency helicopter transportation near the hospital.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT HELIPORT SOLUTIONS FOR THE CLINICAL HOSPITAL CENTER IN OSIJEK","authors":"Tatjana Timko, I. I. Otkovic","doi":"10.13167/2017.14.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13167/2017.14.7","url":null,"abstract":"Complexity in takeoff and landing operations of helicopters require careful planning and designing of heliport infrastructure. The world's biggest aviation organization, namely Federal Aviation Administration and International Civil Aviation Organization, published their standards and designing recommendations for heliport designers to implement that are analyzed and compared in this paper. In the Republic of Croatia, helicopters are designed according to the recommendations of National heliport regulations which are based on recommendations of International Civil Aviation Organization (Annex 14). The practical part of the paper deals with the implementation of national heliport standard recommendations in two variants of heliport designs for emergency medical service for the clinical hospital center in Osijek. As a potential location of the new heliport for emergency medical transportation a transit port is analyzed because it is close to the clinical hospital center in Osijek and is well connected with the existing road infrastructure, and it is also possible to make a direct access to the hospital complex from the north side. Two solutions were analyzed and compared upon the criteria of accessibility, security of operations and possibility for instrument flight conditions, size of heliport and necessary areas, costs of building and maintenance and helicopter noise. There is an intention that regional capital cities that have clinical hospital centers need to have infrastructure for emergency helicopter transportation near the hospital.","PeriodicalId":53887,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek-e-GFOS","volume":"8 1","pages":"58-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47780361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Worker productivity impact factors are one of the most important success factors in the construction industry. Understanding the workers' personality and competence, measuring it and taking appropriate action can directly contribute and facilitate the goals of construction projects. Each worker has their own personality, perception, ability, and so on ; they also have different expectations at work. In this paper, the previous researchers of impact factors for labour productivity from the client’s point of view are briefly analysed. New research in Croatia was conducted and research from the United States and Turkey has been summarised. The differences in research methodologies are also explained. The US study included 40 factors that influence productivity of labour. The Turkish and Croatian studies were based on two groups of factors: economic and socio- psychological factors, 17 factors in total. The main contribution is the qualitative analysis and comparison of the research results in Croatia and Turkey. The economic factors are currently more important than socio- psychological ones in Croatia and Turkey. Knowing the importance of the factors for increasing productivity is the starting point for acting towards the successful realisation of a project. Therefore, further research and focus on this theme are very welcomed.
{"title":"LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CROATIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: IMPACT FACTORS FROM THE CLIENT’S POINT OF VIEW","authors":"Maja-Marija Nahod, M. Knezović","doi":"10.13167/2017.14.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13167/2017.14.6","url":null,"abstract":"Worker productivity impact factors are one of the most important success factors in the construction industry. Understanding the workers' personality and competence, measuring it and taking appropriate action can directly contribute and facilitate the goals of construction projects. Each worker has their own personality, perception, ability, and so on ; they also have different expectations at work. In this paper, the previous researchers of impact factors for labour productivity from the client’s point of view are briefly analysed. New research in Croatia was conducted and research from the United States and Turkey has been summarised. The differences in research methodologies are also explained. The US study included 40 factors that influence productivity of labour. The Turkish and Croatian studies were based on two groups of factors: economic and socio- psychological factors, 17 factors in total. The main contribution is the qualitative analysis and comparison of the research results in Croatia and Turkey. The economic factors are currently more important than socio- psychological ones in Croatia and Turkey. Knowing the importance of the factors for increasing productivity is the starting point for acting towards the successful realisation of a project. Therefore, further research and focus on this theme are very welcomed.","PeriodicalId":53887,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek-e-GFOS","volume":"8 1","pages":"48-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49037264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, linear and non-linear dynamic analyses of a cable-stayed steel frame subjected to seismic actions are performed. The analyzed cable-stayed frame is the main supporting structure of a wide-span sports hall. Since the complex dynamic behavior of cable-stayed structures results in significant geometric nonlinearity, a nonlinear time history analysis is conducted. As a reference, an analysis using the European standard approach, the so-called linear modal response spectrum method, is also performed. The analyses are conducted for different seismic actions considering dependence on the response spectrums for various ground types and the corresponding artificially generated accelerograms. Despite fundamental differences between the two analyses, results indicate that the modal response spectrum analysis is surprisingly consistent with the internal forces and bending moment distributions of the nonlinear time history analysis. However, significantly smaller values of bending moments, internal forces, and displacements are obtained with the response spectrum analysis.
{"title":"LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR ANALYSES OF CABLE-STAYED STEEL FRAME SUBJECTED TO SEISMIC ACTIONS","authors":"Marko Đuran, I. Lukačević, D. Dujmović","doi":"10.13167/2017.14.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13167/2017.14.8","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, linear and non-linear dynamic analyses of a cable-stayed steel frame subjected to seismic actions are performed. The analyzed cable-stayed frame is the main supporting structure of a wide-span sports hall. Since the complex dynamic behavior of cable-stayed structures results in significant geometric nonlinearity, a nonlinear time history analysis is conducted. As a reference, an analysis using the European standard approach, the so-called linear modal response spectrum method, is also performed. The analyses are conducted for different seismic actions considering dependence on the response spectrums for various ground types and the corresponding artificially generated accelerograms. Despite fundamental differences between the two analyses, results indicate that the modal response spectrum analysis is surprisingly consistent with the internal forces and bending moment distributions of the nonlinear time history analysis. However, significantly smaller values of bending moments, internal forces, and displacements are obtained with the response spectrum analysis.","PeriodicalId":53887,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek-e-GFOS","volume":"8 1","pages":"68-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41641618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An apartment is a basic need and a primary unit of human habitation, and in most cases, it represents the largest investment of someone’s life. For that reason, and because of constant changes in housing needs, it is necessary to continuously evaluate the housing quality of apartments. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the criteria used for housing quality assessments in existing studies. Due to the large number of defined criteria, four groups of criteria were established: apartment unit quality criteria, apartment building quality criteria, neighborhood quality criteria, and social and economic criteria. The defined criteria can be divided according to the different scales of the assessed spaces (apartment unit, building, and neighborhood), and according to the method of assessment (quantitative or qualitative). The trend suggests that the numbers of individual criteria and criteria groups have increased over time, and they have become more complex. Also, it can be concluded that the number of criteria related to adaptability and sustainability will increase and lead to even more complex criteria relations. The defined criteria can be used in future research and se
{"title":"Housing Quality Assessment Criteria","authors":"Ivana Brkanić","doi":"10.13167/2017.14.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13167/2017.14.5","url":null,"abstract":"An apartment is a basic need and a primary unit of human habitation, and in most cases, it represents the largest investment of someone’s life. For that reason, and because of constant changes in housing needs, it is necessary to continuously evaluate the housing quality of apartments. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the criteria used for housing quality assessments in existing studies. Due to the large number of defined criteria, four groups of criteria were established: apartment unit quality criteria, apartment building quality criteria, neighborhood quality criteria, and social and economic criteria. The defined criteria can be divided according to the different scales of the assessed spaces (apartment unit, building, and neighborhood), and according to the method of assessment (quantitative or qualitative). The trend suggests that the numbers of individual criteria and criteria groups have increased over time, and they have become more complex. Also, it can be concluded that the number of criteria related to adaptability and sustainability will increase and lead to even more complex criteria relations. The defined criteria can be used in future research and se","PeriodicalId":53887,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek-e-GFOS","volume":"8 1","pages":"37-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13167/2017.14.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66266657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined steel and aluminum variants of modern exhibition structures in which the main design requirements includelow weight (increased span/depth ratio, transportation, and construction) and durability (resistance to corrosion). This included a design situation in which the structural application of aluminum alloys provided an extremely convenient and practical solution. Viability of an aluminum structure depends on several factors and requires a detailed analysis. The overall conclusion of the study indicated that aluminum can be used as a structural material and as a viable alternative to steel for Croatian snow and wind load values and evidently in cases in which positive properties of aluminum are required for structural design. Furthermore, a structural fire analysis was conducted for an aluminum variant structure by using a zone model for realistic fire analysis. The results suggested that passive fire protection for the main structural members was not required in the event of a real fire with duration of 60 min.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STEEL AND ALUMINUM STRUCTURES","authors":"J. Peko, N. Torić, I. Boko","doi":"10.13167/2016.13.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13167/2016.13.6","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined steel and aluminum variants of modern exhibition structures in which the main design requirements includelow weight (increased span/depth ratio, transportation, and construction) and durability (resistance to corrosion). This included a design situation in which the structural application of aluminum alloys provided an extremely convenient and practical solution. Viability of an aluminum structure depends on several factors and requires a detailed analysis. The overall conclusion of the study indicated that aluminum can be used as a structural material and as a viable alternative to steel for Croatian snow and wind load values and evidently in cases in which positive properties of aluminum are required for structural design. Furthermore, a structural fire analysis was conducted for an aluminum variant structure by using a zone model for realistic fire analysis. The results suggested that passive fire protection for the main structural members was not required in the event of a real fire with duration of 60 min.","PeriodicalId":53887,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek-e-GFOS","volume":"7 1","pages":"50-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66266628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON LATERAL PRESSURE OF GRANULAR MEDIA WITHIN CLOSELY SPACED WALLS CONSIDERING DIFFERENT FILLING CONDITIONS","authors":"A. Aniskin","doi":"10.13167/2016.13.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13167/2016.13.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53887,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek-e-GFOS","volume":"7 1","pages":"30-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66266613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the estimation of pollutant load within the drinking water protection areas (DWPA) of springs Sv. Ivan, Bulaž, and Gradole in Northern Istria (Croatia) is presented. To estimate the pollution load, the spreadsheet tool for estimating pollutant load (STEPL) model was used. STEPL calculates loads of organic pollutants, nutrients, and suspended solids. For each analyzed spring total, specific and pollutant loads by each analyzed category are calculated. The results show that the greatest loads are caused by human activities. In addition, for the purpose of the analysis, two additional future scenarios are introduced; one describes the situation after the implementation of the first phase of the Istrian water protection system project, and the other that describes a possible future state where each agglomeration of over 100 inhabitants within the protected areas has an adequate wastewater treatment plant (WWTP).
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF POLLUTANT LOAD IN DRINKING WATER PROTECTION AREAS OF SPRINGS SV. IVAN, BULAŽ, AND GRADOLE","authors":"Rino Nemarnik, Goran Volf, B. Karleuša","doi":"10.13167/2016.13.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13167/2016.13.5","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the estimation of pollutant load within the drinking water protection areas (DWPA) of springs Sv. Ivan, Bulaž, and Gradole in Northern Istria (Croatia) is presented. To estimate the pollution load, the spreadsheet tool for estimating pollutant load (STEPL) model was used. STEPL calculates loads of organic pollutants, nutrients, and suspended solids. For each analyzed spring total, specific and pollutant loads by each analyzed category are calculated. The results show that the greatest loads are caused by human activities. In addition, for the purpose of the analysis, two additional future scenarios are introduced; one describes the situation after the implementation of the first phase of the Istrian water protection system project, and the other that describes a possible future state where each agglomeration of over 100 inhabitants within the protected areas has an adequate wastewater treatment plant (WWTP).","PeriodicalId":53887,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek-e-GFOS","volume":"7 1","pages":"39-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66266621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Use of solid waste in place of conventional materials in civil engineering structures preserves natural resources and energy and avoids expensive and/or potentially harmful waste disposal. Many studies are investigating the application of waste materials in civil engineering structures. However, in an effort to find out new areas of waste materials utilization, the environmental impact of the installation of such materials in building structures often remains neglected. This study focused on the environmental aspect of the application of currently investigated waste materials in Croatia with an emphasis on heavy metal content. Heavy metal concentration in steel slag, river sediment, and biomass ash was measured, and the possibility of their use in road construction in accordance with currently valid legislation was assessed.
{"title":"ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN WASTE MATERIALS USED IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION","authors":"I. N. Grubeša, I. Barišić","doi":"10.13167/2016.13.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13167/2016.13.3","url":null,"abstract":"Use of solid waste in place of conventional materials in civil engineering structures preserves natural resources and energy and avoids expensive and/or potentially harmful waste disposal. Many studies are investigating the application of waste materials in civil engineering structures. However, in an effort to find out new areas of waste materials utilization, the environmental impact of the installation of such materials in building structures often remains neglected. This study focused on the environmental aspect of the application of currently investigated waste materials in Croatia with an emphasis on heavy metal content. Heavy metal concentration in steel slag, river sediment, and biomass ash was measured, and the possibility of their use in road construction in accordance with currently valid legislation was assessed.","PeriodicalId":53887,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of the Faculty of Civil Engineering Osijek-e-GFOS","volume":"7 1","pages":"23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13167/2016.13.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66266605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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