{"title":"Imagining Anglo-Saxon England: Utopia, Heterotopia, Dystopia by Catherine E. Karkov (review)","authors":"I. King","doi":"10.1353/cjm.2021.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2021.0029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53903,"journal":{"name":"COMITATUS-A JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49352186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The Song of Roland and Raoul of Cambrai, at first glance, present two different portrayals of knighthood. However, both title characters, Roland and Raoul, exhibit the same excessive pride. Their pride surpasses reason so blatantly that it transforms into vainglory and anger, respectively. More than emotions, these two traits are also categorized as deadly sins. Each knight is motivated by his pride to protect his reputation and irrationally insists on going to battle. Roland's and Raoul's recklessness, or démesure, warns readers of the dangerous effects of excessive pride. Despite this emotional and sinful sameness, however, the heroes' ideological treatment by the texts and their audiences are quite different. Roland is revered and deemed an inspiration while Raoul is condemned and labeled an antihero. Therefore, the texts disseminate contradictory messages by excusing Roland's pride and condemning Raoul's. This article shows the progression and evolution of the knights' emotions and points to the reasoning for their differentiation. That is, in order for institutions (e.g., the Church/Frankish monarchy) to sustain themselves, literature must promote characters who support institutions while making a negative example of those who rebel against the same systems. Roland and Raoul represent both instances of this literary interpellation and participate in the perpetuation of institutional power.
{"title":"Epic Heroes and Excessive Emotions: Démesure in The Song of Roland and Raoul of Cambrai","authors":"Ivy McKay","doi":"10.1353/cjm.2021.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2021.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Song of Roland and Raoul of Cambrai, at first glance, present two different portrayals of knighthood. However, both title characters, Roland and Raoul, exhibit the same excessive pride. Their pride surpasses reason so blatantly that it transforms into vainglory and anger, respectively. More than emotions, these two traits are also categorized as deadly sins. Each knight is motivated by his pride to protect his reputation and irrationally insists on going to battle. Roland's and Raoul's recklessness, or démesure, warns readers of the dangerous effects of excessive pride. Despite this emotional and sinful sameness, however, the heroes' ideological treatment by the texts and their audiences are quite different. Roland is revered and deemed an inspiration while Raoul is condemned and labeled an antihero. Therefore, the texts disseminate contradictory messages by excusing Roland's pride and condemning Raoul's. This article shows the progression and evolution of the knights' emotions and points to the reasoning for their differentiation. That is, in order for institutions (e.g., the Church/Frankish monarchy) to sustain themselves, literature must promote characters who support institutions while making a negative example of those who rebel against the same systems. Roland and Raoul represent both instances of this literary interpellation and participate in the perpetuation of institutional power.","PeriodicalId":53903,"journal":{"name":"COMITATUS-A JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45709038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The early medieval English computus—or science of the calendar—and its impact on early English perceptions of time offer a new context for the study of Beowulf. This context brings new ideas to bear on the epic poem, which, though it concerns Scandinavians from the Migration Age, is presented by a Christian narrator to an early medieval, English, Christianized audience. The vocabulary of hours and timekeeping in the poem communicates an antiquarian perception of time for an early medieval English audience. The nouns for small units of time, such as the flexible hours of tīd and the monastic hours of nōn (nones) and ūhta (matins, dawn), are in a dialectic relationship that does not contradict the paganism of the characters but provides the poem with a liturgical backdrop. Outside of Beowulf, nōn can only be found in liturgical texts and ūhta occurs only once in nonreligious poetry. Both nouns give a hagiographical resonance to the monster-fighting. Tīd, however, is attached to meaningful moments rather than hours of a fixed arithmetical duration. This is symptomatic of the complementarity in early medieval England between mathematical and observational time perceptions. In Beowulf, both time perceptions are tied to ideological and theological overtones. Nōn represents learned time reckoning, embodied by the Church computus, and tīd represents experiential time, based on Germanic empirical observation. While the narrator announces a Germanic, empirical sense of time in the opening of the poem, there are subtextual allusions to the perception of time as mathematical and bound to the disciplines of the quadrivium.
{"title":"Nōn and Tīd: Computus Calculations and Ancestral Time in Beowulf","authors":"Joana Blanquer","doi":"10.1353/cjm.2021.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2021.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The early medieval English computus—or science of the calendar—and its impact on early English perceptions of time offer a new context for the study of Beowulf. This context brings new ideas to bear on the epic poem, which, though it concerns Scandinavians from the Migration Age, is presented by a Christian narrator to an early medieval, English, Christianized audience. The vocabulary of hours and timekeeping in the poem communicates an antiquarian perception of time for an early medieval English audience. The nouns for small units of time, such as the flexible hours of tīd and the monastic hours of nōn (nones) and ūhta (matins, dawn), are in a dialectic relationship that does not contradict the paganism of the characters but provides the poem with a liturgical backdrop. Outside of Beowulf, nōn can only be found in liturgical texts and ūhta occurs only once in nonreligious poetry. Both nouns give a hagiographical resonance to the monster-fighting. Tīd, however, is attached to meaningful moments rather than hours of a fixed arithmetical duration. This is symptomatic of the complementarity in early medieval England between mathematical and observational time perceptions. In Beowulf, both time perceptions are tied to ideological and theological overtones. Nōn represents learned time reckoning, embodied by the Church computus, and tīd represents experiential time, based on Germanic empirical observation. While the narrator announces a Germanic, empirical sense of time in the opening of the poem, there are subtextual allusions to the perception of time as mathematical and bound to the disciplines of the quadrivium.","PeriodicalId":53903,"journal":{"name":"COMITATUS-A JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47007394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medieval French Literary Culture Abroad by Jane Gilbert et al. (review)","authors":"J. Mattison","doi":"10.1353/cjm.2021.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2021.0027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53903,"journal":{"name":"COMITATUS-A JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46931149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marketing English Books, 1476–1550: How Printers Changed Reading by Alexandra da Costa (review)","authors":"Rhonda Sharrah","doi":"10.1353/cjm.2021.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2021.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53903,"journal":{"name":"COMITATUS-A JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42273266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La Renaissance au grand large: Mélanges en l'honneur de Frank Lestringant ed. by Véronique Ferrer et al. (review)","authors":"Anthony Nicolas Radoiu","doi":"10.1353/cjm.2021.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2021.0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53903,"journal":{"name":"COMITATUS-A JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45878005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rituals for the Dead: Religion and Community in the Medieval University of Paris by William J. Courtenay (review)","authors":"Tori Schmitt","doi":"10.1353/cjm.2021.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2021.0014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53903,"journal":{"name":"COMITATUS-A JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44807261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Nature of the Page: Poetry, Papermaking, and the Ecology of Texts in Renaissance England by Joshua Calhoun (review)","authors":"Maral Attar-Zadeh","doi":"10.1353/cjm.2021.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2021.0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53903,"journal":{"name":"COMITATUS-A JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45922262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Colonizing Christianity: Greek and Latin Religious Identity in the Era of the Fourth Crusade by George E. Demacopoulos (review)","authors":"Mateusz J. Ferens","doi":"10.1353/cjm.2021.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2021.0021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53903,"journal":{"name":"COMITATUS-A JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46160385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Imagination and Fantasy in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Time: Projections, Dreams, Monsters, and Illusions ed. by Albrecht Classen and Marilyn Sandidge (review)","authors":"Sarah Bischoff","doi":"10.1353/cjm.2021.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2021.0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53903,"journal":{"name":"COMITATUS-A JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48062365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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