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Classicism 2.0: The Vitality of Classicist Poetry Online in Contemporary China 古典主义2.0:当代中国在线古典主义诗歌的生命力
IF 0.1 4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-10-10 DOI: 10.3868/s010-007-018-0025-0
Zhiyi Yang, Ma Dayong
In this paper, we examine the various approaches toward literary classicism among contemporary Chinese poets. If “poetry of the establishment” features ideological conservatism and aesthetic populism, then its opposite is the online scene of classicist poetry which represents an innovative continuation of the poetic tradition. Here such innovations are discussed in terms of theme, language, and form. Thematic innovations include further that of ideology, worldview, and urbanity. In particular, we argue that a major distinction between contemporary online classicist poets and their premodern predecessors is in their cultural identity. Unlike a traditional literatus who is a poet, scholar, and bureaucrat, contemporary poets often endure economic, intellectual, or political marginalization; or at the very least, writing in the marginalized genre of classicist poetry is a skill that can no longer be readily translated into career success. This new type of poetic identity, in addition to their modern education, has given rise to fresh interpretations of our living world unseen in premodern poetry. Despite their broad spectrum of intellectual persuasions and aesthetic preferences, most of the poets have demonstrated an audacity to experiment, which, coupled with full versatility and virtuosity in the classical poetry tradition, creates outstanding poems. The highly original works of a few leading classicist poets like Lizilizilizi (Zeng Shaoli), Xutang (Duan Xiaosong), and Dugu Shiroushou (Zeng Zheng) will be examined in depth. Classicism 2.0: The Vitality of Classicist Poetry Online in Contemporary China 527
本文考察了中国当代诗人走向文学古典主义的各种途径。如果说“建制派诗歌”的特点是意识形态上的保守主义和审美上的民粹主义,那么与之相对的则是古典主义诗歌的网络场景,是对诗歌传统的创新延续。本文将从主题、语言和形式三个方面对这些创新进行探讨。主题创新还包括意识形态创新、世界观创新和都市化创新。特别是,我们认为当代网络古典主义诗人与其前现代前辈之间的主要区别在于他们的文化身份。与传统的文人(诗人、学者和官僚)不同,当代诗人经常在经济、知识或政治上被边缘化;或者至少,在被边缘化的古典主义诗歌中写作是一种不再容易转化为事业成功的技能。这种新型的诗歌身份,除了他们的现代教育之外,还产生了对我们生活世界的新解释,这是前现代诗歌所看不到的。尽管他们有着广泛的思想信仰和审美偏好,但大多数诗人都表现出大胆的实验精神,再加上古典诗歌传统中的全面多样性和精湛技艺,创作出了杰出的诗歌。几位著名古典诗人的原创作品,如曾绍礼、段小松、独孤十寿寿等,将被深入研究。古典主义2.0:当代中国在线古典主义诗歌的生命力
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引用次数: 2
Pursuit of the Modern While Preserving Tradition: The Japan Poems of Huang Zunxian 在保留传统的同时追求现代:黄遵宪的日本诗
IF 0.1 4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.3868/S010-007-018-0014-6
R. Lynn
AbstractHuang Zunxian, member of the staff of the Qing legation in Tokyo (1877–82), became acquainted with prominent Japanese literati ( bunjin ). His experiences provide a window of information and insight into the cultural atmosphere of early Meiji Japan and the attitude of progressive and Chinese intellectuals then resident there. With the skills of a literatus, Huang had access to the modes of discourse and thought of his hosts, so formed discriminating views of almost all aspects of Japanese life in an era of change. His experience is captured in some 200 quatrains in the two editions of his Riben zashi shi (Poems on miscellaneous subjects from Japan, 1879 and 1890), whose contents overlap to include different poems and different versions of same poems. The poems were intended to have more than literary impact—to enlighten those in power in China by casting Japan in a positive light and promote Japan as a model for reform and modernization. Huang linked Japanese tradition with the Chinese, which he did in poems emphasizing their common high culture. The scope of the poems is quite broad: Japanese history and geography, Sino-Japanese cultural relations, Chinese culture in Japan, poetry ( kanshi ) and prose ( kanbun ), painting and calligraphy, Confucianism and Buddhism, the Meiji Restoration and modernization, new political and social institutions, the Diet, local government, political parties, museums, taxation, education reform, women’s education. Many subjects were unknown to earlier tradition but now topical and urgent as China began to shed old ways and embrace the new.
[摘要]清朝驻东京公使馆职员黄遵宪(1877 - 1882)结识了日本著名文人。他的经历为了解明治初期日本的文化氛围以及当时居住在那里的进步和中国知识分子的态度提供了一个窗口。凭借文人的技巧,黄能够接触到主人的话语模式和思想,因此对日本变革时代生活的几乎所有方面都形成了辨明的看法。他的《日本杂诗》(1879年和1890年)两个版本的200多首四行诗记录了他的经历,这些四行诗的内容重叠,包括不同的诗和同一首诗的不同版本。这些诗的目的不只是文学上的影响,而是通过积极地描绘日本来启发中国当权者,并将日本推广为改革和现代化的典范。黄将日本传统与中国联系在一起,他在诗歌中强调了他们共同的高雅文化。诗的范围相当广泛:日本历史地理、中日文化关系、中国在日文化、诗(kanshi)和散文(kanbun)、书画、儒教和佛教、明治维新和近代化、新的政治和社会制度、国会、地方政府、政党、博物馆、税收、教育改革、妇女教育。许多科目在早期的传统中是未知的,但随着中国开始摆脱旧的方式,拥抱新的方式,这些科目现在是热门和紧迫的。
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引用次数: 1
Li Ruqian, the Lu Xun of the Nineteenth Century 李汝谦,十九世纪的鲁迅
IF 0.1 4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.3868/S010-007-018-0015-3
J. Schmidt
AbstractThis paper discusses the biography, thought, and works of Li Ruqian (1852–1909). He was appointed Consul in Kobe 1882–84, during which period he studied the political institutions and culture of Meiji Japan and the West, eventually translating Washington Irving’s biography of George Washington into Classical Chinese, a book which exercised a great influence on late Qing reformers. Li’s literary theory strongly emphasized the importance of originality. He also cultivated a style that was simpler and closer to spoken Chinese than many of his contemporaries. He eventually espoused a thoroughgoing reform of Chinese government and society. He abandoned the idea of the centrality of Chinese culture for a worldview of cultural relativity in which all cultures of the world are viewed as equally valid. After his return to China Li became even more involved in reform activities, but soon he became almost totally alienated from Chinese society and even began expressing strong doubts about the whole tradition of classical writing. In his poems and prose works, he warned Chinese intellectuals to abandon their smug conservatism and adapt to the new world or perish, making fun of his own society in biting satirical pieces that remind one of the writings of Lu Xun’s May Fourth era. Li Ruqian may, indeed, be the first Chinese author to develop the idea of Chinese inadequacy and guilt which is so common in the literature of the next century.
摘要本文论述了李汝谦(1852-1909)的生平、思想和作品。1882–84年,他被任命为驻神户领事,在此期间,他研究了明治日本和西方的政治制度和文化,最终将华盛顿·欧文的乔治·华盛顿传记翻译成文言文,这本书对晚清改革者产生了巨大影响。李的文学理论强调独创性的重要性。他还培养了一种比许多同时代人更简单、更接近汉语口语的风格。他最终支持对中国政府和社会进行彻底改革。他放弃了中国文化中心的观点,转而采用文化相对论的世界观,在这种世界观中,世界上所有的文化都被视为同等有效。回国后,李更多地参与到改革活动中,但很快他就几乎完全脱离了中国社会,甚至开始对整个古典文学传统表示强烈的怀疑。在他的诗歌和散文作品中,他警告中国知识分子放弃自鸣得意的保守主义,适应新世界,否则就会灭亡。他用尖刻的讽刺文章取笑自己的社会,让人想起鲁迅五四时代的作品。事实上,李汝谦可能是第一个发展出中国人的不足和内疚观念的中国作家,这种观念在下个世纪的文学中非常普遍。
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引用次数: 0
The Poetic Transition and Modernity in Chen Sanli’s (1852–1937) Ancient-Style Verse 陈三立古体诗的诗性转型与现代性
IF 0.1 4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.3868/S010-007-018-0017-7
Tsu-Cheng Lin
AbstractChen Sanli broke the conventional stereotypes, regulations and structural limitations of past poetry to create innovations in poetic form, as well as adopting a variety of writing devices such as the transformed metaphors and the abstruse diction. Within these invented poetic forms, converted metaphors and recondite diction, Chen Sanli experiments with new subject matters which were unprecedented in poetry before his time, and convey his psychological reactions such as oppression, anxiety, helplessness, fear, despair, and confusion toward the change and upheaval. All the poetic forms, metaphors, linguistic devices and emotions in Chen’s verse have a great impact on modern Chinese literature. This paper aims to examine how Chen’s verse promoted classical Chinese poetic tradition but also contributed to the transition from traditional to modern literature.
摘要陈三立打破了以往诗歌的陈规、陈规和结构局限,在诗歌形式上进行了创新,并采用了隐喻转化、辞令深奥等多种写作手法。在这些发明的诗歌形式、转换的隐喻和晦涩的措辞中,陈三立尝试了前所未有的诗歌题材,表达了他对变化和动荡的压抑、焦虑、无助、恐惧、绝望和困惑等心理反应。陈诗的诗歌形式、隐喻、语言手段和情感都对中国现代文学产生了重大影响。本文旨在探讨陈诗如何促进中国古典诗歌传统,并促进传统文学向现代文学的过渡。
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引用次数: 0
Lyricism, the Veneration of Feeling, and Narrative Techniques in the Poetry Talks of the Southern Society* 南方诗话中的抒情性、情的尊化与叙事技巧*
IF 0.1 4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.3868/S010-007-018-0019-1
Lin Hsiang-ling
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引用次数: 0
The Making of a Master Narrative and How to Break It—Introduction to the Double Special Issue “Multivalent Lyric Classicism” 大师叙事的形成与打破——“多元抒情古典主义”双特刊简介
IF 0.1 4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.3868/S010-007-018-0013-9
Zhiyi Yang
The Making of a Master Narrative and How to Break It—Introduction to the Double Special Issue “Multivalent Lyric Classicism” This and the next special issues of Frontiers of Literary Studies in China (FLSC) are dedicated to exploring the diverse forms, functions, linguistic registers, and intellectual persuasions of modern Chinese classicist poetry. The terms “classicist poetry” and “lyric classicism” are defined in the December 2015 special issue of FLSC, “Back into Modernity.” As we have argued then, and are arguing now, “the authors’ choice of classical literary language instead of modern vernacular for their versification was not necessarily due to the inertia of the tradition. It rather reflected a keenly felt need to construct a cultural/aesthetic identity in continuity with the tradition. Therefore, twentieth‐century poetry in the classical literary language, including experimental and semi‐classical contemporary verses and lyrics, may be regarded as a form of ‘classicist poetry,’ on a par with other styles and schools of modern poetry.” Further explanation on this term will follow. We are glad to see that in the past few years, scholars of modern Chinese literature have increasingly agreed to include classicist poetry into their discussion. The recently published A New Literary History of Modern China, for instance, has integrated the diverse production and consumption of classical‐style poetry into its narrative, with attention on such poetry written by women, collaborationists, diaspora and online poets, even though the predominant focus is still on vernacular genres and authors. Considering the
“多价抒情古典主义”双特刊导论《中国文学研究前沿》及下期特刊致力于探索中国现代古典主义诗歌的不同形式、功能、语言域和思想信念。“古典主义诗歌”和“抒情古典主义”这两个词在2015年12月的FLSC特刊《回归现代性》中有定义。正如我们当时和现在所讨论的,“作者选择古典文学语言而不是现代白话来写诗,并不一定是因为传统的惯性。相反,它反映了一种强烈的需要,即在与传统的连续性中构建一种文化/审美身份。因此,20世纪的古典文学语言诗歌,包括实验性的和半古典的当代诗歌和歌词,可以被视为一种‘古典主义诗歌’,与其他风格和现代诗歌流派相提并论。”下面将对这个术语作进一步解释。我们很高兴地看到,在过去的几年里,研究中国现代文学的学者越来越多地同意将古典主义诗歌纳入他们的讨论。例如,最近出版的《中国现代新文学史》将古典风格诗歌的不同生产和消费纳入其叙事中,并关注女性、合作者、散居诗人和网络诗人的诗歌,尽管主要焦点仍然是白话流派和作家。考虑到
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引用次数: 1
From Poetic Revolution to the Southern Society: The Birth of Classicist Poetry in Modern China* 从诗歌革命到南方社会——中国现代古典主义诗歌的诞生*
IF 0.1 4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.3868/S010-007-018-0018-4
Sun Zhimei
AbstractThis paper examines the birth of classicist poetry by paying attention to the Southern Society’s (Nanshe) diachronic succession of the late Qing Poetic Revolution. It provides a careful analysis on the novelty of Huang Zunxian’s poetry and shows how the Southern Society transformed Huang’s Europeanized innovation into something that was rooted in both traditional scholarship and modern political discourse. I argue that the poetry of the Southern Society as being more formally conservative than Huang’s; however, spiritually, it represents a kind of progress as it styled itself as the “poetry of the cotton-clothed” ( buyi zhi shi )—the “cotton- clothed” stands for the scholars not serving in court. In this regard, its poetry could be seen as modern in spirit. It selectively integrated the traditional and the Western, for pragmatic and utilitarian purposes.
摘要本文通过对晚清诗学革命中南社(南社)的历时性继承,来考察古典主义诗歌的诞生。它对黄诗歌的新颖性进行了细致的分析,并展示了南社如何将黄的欧化创新转化为植根于传统学术和现代政治话语的东西。我认为南社的诗歌形式上比黄的保守;然而,在精神层面上,它代表着一种进步,它自称为“棉衣诗”(《布衣志》)——“棉衣”代表的是不当朝的文人。在这方面,它的诗歌在精神上可以被看作是现代的。它有选择地融合了传统和西方,以达到实用和功利的目的。
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引用次数: 0
Shen Queying: A Reform Martyr’s Widow or a Martyress of Her Own Causes? 沈绮颖:改革烈士的遗孀还是自己事业的殉道者?
IF 0.1 4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.3868/S010-007-018-0016-0
Nanxiu Qian
AbstractThe late Qing woman poet Shen Queying (1877–1900) had lived in the shadow of her husband, the reform martyr Lin Xu (1875–98). This paper subverts the conventional portrayal of Shen Queying as a chaste widow through reading her poems and song-lyrics in comparison with the poetic works of Lin Xu, to show that she herself was a reformer in her own right, and in this she was Lin Xu’s vocal soul-mate rather than his mute wife and then widow. In her poems and song-lyrics, Shen Queying made clear that she had endeavored in poetic learning for expressing “the grand ambition of a racing steed,” and her poetry sent unmistakable message to become a political player herself in China’s reform era, fighting for the welfare of the country and the people. For some subtle reasons, however, she was not able to fulfill this ambition by personally participating in the reform activities. Frustrated, she resolved to be a supporter and protector of her husband. Precisely because Shen Queying had put so much of her reform ideal into her husband’s career, the execution of Lin Xu fell on her as a double blow. Her pining away to death, although conforming to a seemingly late imperial lienu model, transcends this traditional image and bears a clear mark of the reform era, when a woman tied her personal life closely to the destiny of the country and the people.
摘要晚清女诗人沈绮颖(1877-1900)一直生活在其丈夫维新烈士林绪(1875-98)的阴影下。本文通过阅读沈奎英的诗作与林旭的诗作作对比,颠覆了人们对沈奎英贞洁寡妇的刻板印象,表明沈奎英本身就是一个改革家,她是林旭的灵魂伴侣,而不是林旭的哑巴妻子和寡妇。在她的诗歌和歌词中,沈绮颖明确表示,她努力学习诗歌是为了表达“一匹骏马的宏伟抱负”,她的诗歌传达了一个明确的信息,即她自己要成为中国改革时代的一名政治参与者,为国家和人民的福祉而奋斗。然而,由于一些微妙的原因,她无法通过亲自参与改革活动来实现这一雄心。受挫后,她决定做丈夫的支持者和保护者。正是因为沈绮颖把她的改革理想倾注在丈夫的事业上,林旭的处决对她来说是双重打击。她的消瘦至死,虽然符合一个看似晚期的帝国留洋模式,但超越了这一传统形象,并带有明显的改革时代的印记,当时一个女人将她的个人生活与国家和人民的命运紧密联系在一起。
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引用次数: 0
I Love Bill (Excerpt) 我爱比尔(节选)
IF 0.1 4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-06-05 DOI: 10.3868/S010-007-018-0004-9
Wang Anyi, Todd J. Foley
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引用次数: 0
Nick Admussen, Recite and Refuse: Contemporary Chinese Prose Poetry 《背诵与拒绝:当代中国散文诗》
IF 0.1 4区 文学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-06-05 DOI: 10.3868/s010-007-018-0010-8
Todd Foley
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Frontiers of Literary Studies in China
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