This paper presents an analysis of one of the popular plots of the Itelmen-Koryak folklore. The focus of the study is the tale about mice that were caught in pants and hung on the tree. According to the classification of E. Berezkin and Duvakin, the plot motif of this tale is L42J “The tree bends (children in the ogre’s bag).” Consideration was given to 21 versions of the tale recorded from 1901 to 2017 from the Itelmen and Koryaks of Kamchatka. The Koryak narrative tradition allows the narrator to present the folklore text in his own way. With the main line of the plot preserved, the episodes sometimes are expanded, indicating not so much the peculiarities of the local tradition as the individual narrative style of the narrator, his authorial activity, and even his life position. The analysis of different variants of the tale about mice clearly demonstrates the evolution of the plot that is part of the Big Raven cycle. The archaic anecdotal nature of the narrative is replaced by edification. Alogical episodes based on tricks of the trickster are lost. Specification of episodes changes according to the new reality. The system of character interaction is changing. Though not being typical of archaic folklore tradition, the elements of psychologism start to appear. At the same time, modern recordings of folklore texts sometimes retain archaic narrative elements, once formed as a result of figurative interpretation of natural phenomena, traditional way of life, or ritual practices.
{"title":"The plot of the Koryak tale about mice suspended from a tree: genesis and ethnographic context","authors":"Tatiana A. Golovaneva","doi":"10.17223/18137083/78/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/18137083/78/1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analysis of one of the popular plots of the Itelmen-Koryak folklore. The focus of the study is the tale about mice that were caught in pants and hung on the tree. According to the classification of E. Berezkin and Duvakin, the plot motif of this tale is L42J “The tree bends (children in the ogre’s bag).” Consideration was given to 21 versions of the tale recorded from 1901 to 2017 from the Itelmen and Koryaks of Kamchatka. The Koryak narrative tradition allows the narrator to present the folklore text in his own way. With the main line of the plot preserved, the episodes sometimes are expanded, indicating not so much the peculiarities of the local tradition as the individual narrative style of the narrator, his authorial activity, and even his life position. The analysis of different variants of the tale about mice clearly demonstrates the evolution of the plot that is part of the Big Raven cycle. The archaic anecdotal nature of the narrative is replaced by edification. Alogical episodes based on tricks of the trickster are lost. Specification of episodes changes according to the new reality. The system of character interaction is changing. Though not being typical of archaic folklore tradition, the elements of psychologism start to appear. At the same time, modern recordings of folklore texts sometimes retain archaic narrative elements, once formed as a result of figurative interpretation of natural phenomena, traditional way of life, or ritual practices.","PeriodicalId":53939,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskii Filologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67575407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents the results of a linguistic expedition to the settlements of the German National Region in Altai. The German language dialectal forms identified can be attributed to the Low German and High German language areas. High German forms are of a mixed nature, including the dialects of both the Middle and South German types. Despite sharing common phonetic features, each of the Upper German dialects in Altai has its own set of features, with some features identified for the first time, for example, nasalization in the Kamyshi village dialect. All Middle German dialects are characterized by incomplete consonant movement and grammatical features. South German dialects also have some peculiarities: full movement of consonants, “hissing” consonant combinations, pronoun mer (we). The High German dialects of the Altai show the features of the original mother dialects and new features acquired due to mixing and leveling processes. A conclusion is made about the impossibility of identifying the dialectal forms precisely. The Low German language substratum is found to be represented by the dialects of the Mennonite Germans. The analysis of the linguistic features has found the speech of the Mennonite Plautdietsch speakers in Altai to be significantly similar to the speech of the Low German Mennonite dialect speakers of the Novosibirsk region. Also, some sociolinguistic components identified during a survey of speakers of different German language dialects were analyzed: self-identification, linguistic competence, attitude towards native dialect.
{"title":"German dialects of Altai: recent expedition findings","authors":"E. A. Liebert","doi":"10.17223/18137083/78/12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/18137083/78/12","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of a linguistic expedition to the settlements of the German National Region in Altai. The German language dialectal forms identified can be attributed to the Low German and High German language areas. High German forms are of a mixed nature, including the dialects of both the Middle and South German types. Despite sharing common phonetic features, each of the Upper German dialects in Altai has its own set of features, with some features identified for the first time, for example, nasalization in the Kamyshi village dialect. All Middle German dialects are characterized by incomplete consonant movement and grammatical features. South German dialects also have some peculiarities: full movement of consonants, “hissing” consonant combinations, pronoun mer (we). The High German dialects of the Altai show the features of the original mother dialects and new features acquired due to mixing and leveling processes. A conclusion is made about the impossibility of identifying the dialectal forms precisely. The Low German language substratum is found to be represented by the dialects of the Mennonite Germans. The analysis of the linguistic features has found the speech of the Mennonite Plautdietsch speakers in Altai to be significantly similar to the speech of the Low German Mennonite dialect speakers of the Novosibirsk region. Also, some sociolinguistic components identified during a survey of speakers of different German language dialects were analyzed: self-identification, linguistic competence, attitude towards native dialect.","PeriodicalId":53939,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskii Filologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67575801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The special nature of the phoneme /h/ in Kyungsang Korean is studied, with the aim to identify the main adjustments of Kyungsang Korean, lettered by the symbol ㅎ. Study materials were isolated words forms of the Kyungsang Korean with the sound [h]. In the intervocalic position and after the consonants, the allophones of the phoneme /h/ were found to be usually realized as aspiration of the prepositive consonant and postpositive vowel. No realizations of the phoneme /h/ in the final position and before any consonant were found. In the initial position (74 % of all cases), the phoneme /h/ is realized as a laryngeal fricative sound [h]. In 10 % word forms, it occurs as a velar fricative sound [x]. In 6 % of all cases, we found a palatalized hushing or a whistling sound [ʃб] or [sб] in preposition to front vowels such as [ү] or [і]. In preposition to back narrow vowels, such as [u] or [ɯ], the phoneme /h/ is realized as a bilabial sound [φ] or a dentolabial sound [f] in 10 % of all cases. In the intervocalic position, the phoneme /h/ is realized as a voiced allophone. Usually, in the intervocalic position, the phoneme /h/ is realized as a voiced laryngeal sound [ɦ] or a voiced velar sound [ɣ] (in preposition to vowels like [a], [o], or [e]). In preposition to back vowels like [ɯ], it is realized as a dentolabial voiced fricative sound [v]. Thus, the pronunciation of the phoneme /h/ was found to depend on the postpositive vowel.
{"title":"The phoneme /h/ in Kyeongsang Korean","authors":"A. Shamrin","doi":"10.17223/18137083/78/15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/18137083/78/15","url":null,"abstract":"The special nature of the phoneme /h/ in Kyungsang Korean is studied, with the aim to identify the main adjustments of Kyungsang Korean, lettered by the symbol ㅎ. Study materials were isolated words forms of the Kyungsang Korean with the sound [h]. In the intervocalic position and after the consonants, the allophones of the phoneme /h/ were found to be usually realized as aspiration of the prepositive consonant and postpositive vowel. No realizations of the phoneme /h/ in the final position and before any consonant were found. In the initial position (74 % of all cases), the phoneme /h/ is realized as a laryngeal fricative sound [h]. In 10 % word forms, it occurs as a velar fricative sound [x]. In 6 % of all cases, we found a palatalized hushing or a whistling sound [ʃб] or [sб] in preposition to front vowels such as [ү] or [і]. In preposition to back narrow vowels, such as [u] or [ɯ], the phoneme /h/ is realized as a bilabial sound [φ] or a dentolabial sound [f] in 10 % of all cases. In the intervocalic position, the phoneme /h/ is realized as a voiced allophone. Usually, in the intervocalic position, the phoneme /h/ is realized as a voiced laryngeal sound [ɦ] or a voiced velar sound [ɣ] (in preposition to vowels like [a], [o], or [e]). In preposition to back vowels like [ɯ], it is realized as a dentolabial voiced fricative sound [v]. Thus, the pronunciation of the phoneme /h/ was found to depend on the postpositive vowel.","PeriodicalId":53939,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskii Filologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67576037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the associative-verbal profiles of several abstract nouns, the author examines the interpenetration of lexical and grammatical semantics, the contribution of inflectional paradigms to the semantic accentuations in the structure of the psycholinguistic meanings of these lexemes. The work was carried out on the materials of associative-verbal databases covering the period from 1988 till 2021. The structural features of the Russian language determine the specifics of lexical and grammatical semantics clustering in the formation of accentuation vectors in the Russian language personality’s (RLP) image of the world. The semantic richness of case meanings of the nouns in the Russian language, the absence of any restrictions on the associative behavior of this part of speech, the variety of word-formation patterns in different groups of abstract nouns make them particularly attractive objects for research. Semantic shades of psychological meanings are activated in a specific way with the network grammatical paradigmatics under the pressure of the culture-bound experience and intentionality of the studied speech community. The construction of the associative-verbal profiles of the lexico-morphological paradigms allows us to evaluate not only the productivity of particular lexical and grammatical units with reference to the entire lexical system or individual classes of words but also their psychological relevance with reference to the motivation of the language personality (the general structure of its sociocommunicative attitudes). A further profound study of associative grammar, given its dynamics, may contribute to overcoming the difficulties in formalizing associative links to optimize the computer technologies supporting human work with verbal materials.
{"title":"Associative grammar and meaning (on the example of nouns)","authors":"I. Shaposhnikova","doi":"10.17223/18137083/78/19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/18137083/78/19","url":null,"abstract":"Using the associative-verbal profiles of several abstract nouns, the author examines the interpenetration of lexical and grammatical semantics, the contribution of inflectional paradigms to the semantic accentuations in the structure of the psycholinguistic meanings of these lexemes. The work was carried out on the materials of associative-verbal databases covering the period from 1988 till 2021. The structural features of the Russian language determine the specifics of lexical and grammatical semantics clustering in the formation of accentuation vectors in the Russian language personality’s (RLP) image of the world. The semantic richness of case meanings of the nouns in the Russian language, the absence of any restrictions on the associative behavior of this part of speech, the variety of word-formation patterns in different groups of abstract nouns make them particularly attractive objects for research. Semantic shades of psychological meanings are activated in a specific way with the network grammatical paradigmatics under the pressure of the culture-bound experience and intentionality of the studied speech community. The construction of the associative-verbal profiles of the lexico-morphological paradigms allows us to evaluate not only the productivity of particular lexical and grammatical units with reference to the entire lexical system or individual classes of words but also their psychological relevance with reference to the motivation of the language personality (the general structure of its sociocommunicative attitudes). A further profound study of associative grammar, given its dynamics, may contribute to overcoming the difficulties in formalizing associative links to optimize the computer technologies supporting human work with verbal materials.","PeriodicalId":53939,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskii Filologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67576444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper approaches the problem of determining the communicative-linguistic significance of speech failures and discusses related theoretical and methodological issues. The relevance is due to opposing approaches in this area and practically complete cessation of research following the decline in scientific interest in these linguistic phenomena. For the first time, conversation analysis is used to study the problems considered. The interview with the first President of the Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin, is taken as empirical material. The cognitive capabilities of conversation analysis and its general methodological principles are identified, explaining how the latter allow disclosing the specifics of conversation structure and determining the rules of organizing the exchange of replicas. The basic technology of conversion analysis - transcribing - is introduced. The author analyzes repetitions, pauses, hesitations, clippings of phrases, and expressive intonation selections caused by internal problems of planning and articulation of the speech plan. The conversation analysis of the interview fragments showed how speech disruptions enter into the formation of one of the local contexts - the topic of political confrontation between Yeltsin and Gorbachev. As a result, a conclusion is made that speech failures cannot be considered to be solely speech drawbacks, as they implicitly indicate the goals of communication, are included in the process of forming the structure of the conversation, express the communicative competencies and cognitive attitudes of its participants. Also, further findings concern the possibility of integrating the methodology of conversation analysis with lexical-semantic analysis.
{"title":"Conversation analysis approach to the study of speech failures (based on an interview with the First President of Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin)","authors":"Marina I. Pantykina","doi":"10.17223/18137083/78/23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/18137083/78/23","url":null,"abstract":"The paper approaches the problem of determining the communicative-linguistic significance of speech failures and discusses related theoretical and methodological issues. The relevance is due to opposing approaches in this area and practically complete cessation of research following the decline in scientific interest in these linguistic phenomena. For the first time, conversation analysis is used to study the problems considered. The interview with the first President of the Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin, is taken as empirical material. The cognitive capabilities of conversation analysis and its general methodological principles are identified, explaining how the latter allow disclosing the specifics of conversation structure and determining the rules of organizing the exchange of replicas. The basic technology of conversion analysis - transcribing - is introduced. The author analyzes repetitions, pauses, hesitations, clippings of phrases, and expressive intonation selections caused by internal problems of planning and articulation of the speech plan. The conversation analysis of the interview fragments showed how speech disruptions enter into the formation of one of the local contexts - the topic of political confrontation between Yeltsin and Gorbachev. As a result, a conclusion is made that speech failures cannot be considered to be solely speech drawbacks, as they implicitly indicate the goals of communication, are included in the process of forming the structure of the conversation, express the communicative competencies and cognitive attitudes of its participants. Also, further findings concern the possibility of integrating the methodology of conversation analysis with lexical-semantic analysis.","PeriodicalId":53939,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskii Filologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67576655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The poems of Bulat Okudzhava, “Aleksandr Sergeich” and “Tourist family is photographed at the Pushkin Monument,” are analyzed through the system of contexts. These are traditional poems in the “ekphrasis” genre, reflecting the cult status of the monument by Opekushin, various debates with the tradition of poems “to the monument” by Mayakovsky and Brodsky, and Pushkin’s works united in the reception of the modern poet by the ideas of benevolence and gratitude. Okudzhava’s interpretation of the “bronze Pushkin” was inspired by the idea of a poetry monument. The theme of mercy from Pushkin’s poem “Exegi monumentum” is realized in “Aleksandr Sergeich” by the connection between the title, the dedication, and the content. The dedication of the poem “Tourist family is photographed at the Pushkin Monument” to a friend of his youth is considered through the author’s creative task: the poet and photoartist Tsybulevskiy becomes a judge in a dispute with Samoylov (“Amateur photographer”). Finally, the disagreements between the distant interlocutors become imaginary, as is the conflict between the “little man” and eternity “in front of Pushkin.” After substantiating the meaning of the allusion to Pushkin’s “Birdie” in the poem’s refrain, a conclusion is made: the metaphor of the soaring souls of “little people” develops the idea of “Aleksandr Sergeich”, with a monument symbolizing a hierarchy of values. Okudzhava’s interpretation of Pushkin’s monument was not influenced by prejudice against the “deadening” (Mayakovsky) or “ice-cold” (Brodsky) bronze form. For Okudzhava, the spirituality of the “bronze Pushkin” signifies his harmonizing role in modern life.
{"title":"Pushkin as a monument in the poetic worldview of Bulat Okudzhava","authors":"M. Aleksandrova","doi":"10.17223/18137083/81/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/18137083/81/13","url":null,"abstract":"The poems of Bulat Okudzhava, “Aleksandr Sergeich” and “Tourist family is photographed at the Pushkin Monument,” are analyzed through the system of contexts. These are traditional poems in the “ekphrasis” genre, reflecting the cult status of the monument by Opekushin, various debates with the tradition of poems “to the monument” by Mayakovsky and Brodsky, and Pushkin’s works united in the reception of the modern poet by the ideas of benevolence and gratitude. Okudzhava’s interpretation of the “bronze Pushkin” was inspired by the idea of a poetry monument. The theme of mercy from Pushkin’s poem “Exegi monumentum” is realized in “Aleksandr Sergeich” by the connection between the title, the dedication, and the content. The dedication of the poem “Tourist family is photographed at the Pushkin Monument” to a friend of his youth is considered through the author’s creative task: the poet and photoartist Tsybulevskiy becomes a judge in a dispute with Samoylov (“Amateur photographer”). Finally, the disagreements between the distant interlocutors become imaginary, as is the conflict between the “little man” and eternity “in front of Pushkin.” After substantiating the meaning of the allusion to Pushkin’s “Birdie” in the poem’s refrain, a conclusion is made: the metaphor of the soaring souls of “little people” develops the idea of “Aleksandr Sergeich”, with a monument symbolizing a hierarchy of values. Okudzhava’s interpretation of Pushkin’s monument was not influenced by prejudice against the “deadening” (Mayakovsky) or “ice-cold” (Brodsky) bronze form. For Okudzhava, the spirituality of the “bronze Pushkin” signifies his harmonizing role in modern life.","PeriodicalId":53939,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskii Filologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67577446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper considers Ivan Turgenev’s perception of James Cooper’s works. The so-called sea trilogy should have made an especially deep impression on the Russian writer. The poetics of Cooper’s seascape novels can be clearly seen in Turgenev’s images of the sea element. The Russian writer used the texture or contours of Cooper’s seascapes, creating an expressive image. Turgenev’s impressions of Cooper’s novel “The Pathfinder” were embodied in his story “A Trip to Polesie.” It begins with a picture of a mighty and silent pine forest, with description immersed in the hero’s reflection. The images of nature and man are given in a sharp and unequal contrast. To express the full scale of Polesie’s vastness, a meaningful comparison to the sea is given. This dramatic conversation between nature and man in Turgenev’s work is directly correlated with the reflections of the narrator in Cooper’s exposition of the novel. However, Turgenev contrasts the arising motif of loneliness and despair embracing the self-absorbed consciousness of the narrator with another epic motif in the same woodland slums. These are two extraordinary peasant faces: a simple and sedate hunter-guide Yegor and a dashing and unbridled rogue Ephraim. Both bear a non-coincidental resemblance to the characters of Natty Bumppo and Chingachgook from “The Pathfinder”. Turgenev’s heroes are similar to Cooper’s ones primarily due to being conceptualized in a strong connection with nature, the element of the ancient forest. In both cases, the life of the main characters is in a decisive dependence on the “green ocean.”
{"title":"“...Wonderful type, quite like Cooper’s Pathfinder: something is in him so spontaneous!”: the novel “Pathfinder” by J. F. Cooper in the creative perception of I. S. Turgenev","authors":"Ivan O. Volkov","doi":"10.17223/18137083/80/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/18137083/80/8","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers Ivan Turgenev’s perception of James Cooper’s works. The so-called sea trilogy should have made an especially deep impression on the Russian writer. The poetics of Cooper’s seascape novels can be clearly seen in Turgenev’s images of the sea element. The Russian writer used the texture or contours of Cooper’s seascapes, creating an expressive image. Turgenev’s impressions of Cooper’s novel “The Pathfinder” were embodied in his story “A Trip to Polesie.” It begins with a picture of a mighty and silent pine forest, with description immersed in the hero’s reflection. The images of nature and man are given in a sharp and unequal contrast. To express the full scale of Polesie’s vastness, a meaningful comparison to the sea is given. This dramatic conversation between nature and man in Turgenev’s work is directly correlated with the reflections of the narrator in Cooper’s exposition of the novel. However, Turgenev contrasts the arising motif of loneliness and despair embracing the self-absorbed consciousness of the narrator with another epic motif in the same woodland slums. These are two extraordinary peasant faces: a simple and sedate hunter-guide Yegor and a dashing and unbridled rogue Ephraim. Both bear a non-coincidental resemblance to the characters of Natty Bumppo and Chingachgook from “The Pathfinder”. Turgenev’s heroes are similar to Cooper’s ones primarily due to being conceptualized in a strong connection with nature, the element of the ancient forest. In both cases, the life of the main characters is in a decisive dependence on the “green ocean.”","PeriodicalId":53939,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskii Filologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67577622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intensifiers are an expressive means to distinguish a particular phenomenon among others by emphasizing its importance for the speaker and addressee. This work describes the functioning of Kazakh color designations as intensifiers compared to Turkic languages of Southern Siberia and the Kyrgyz language. In a figurative meaning, they can be used to express the intensification of a sign. In the Kazakh and the Kyrgyz languages, the largest number of adjectives - color designations are used to indicate the intensity of the manifestation of a sign. These adjectives in most cases characterize natural phenomena (heavy rain, frost, storm etc.). Considering the Turkic languages of Siberia, most adjectival color designation are presented in the Altaic language, while in other languages such examples are uncommon, phraseologized, and used mainly to convey the expressive characterization of a person. In all Turkic languages, the adjectival color designation ‘black’ is found to acquire the meaning of intensifier. The model of figurative meaning formation such as “black” → “intensive; with a high degree of quality or properties” is common for many Turkic languages. This study was conducted by analyzing the dictionaries of the Kazakh and Altaic languages and the samples from Kazakh and Altaic prose, where color designations are used not in their direct meaning to denote the color of objects but figuratively to express a high degree of manifestation of a feature, for example: “black” → “intensive.”
{"title":"Color designations as intensifiers in the Kazakh language in comparison with Turkic languages of Southern Siberia","authors":"N. B. Koshkareva, M. Abzhaparova","doi":"10.17223/18137083/80/21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/18137083/80/21","url":null,"abstract":"Intensifiers are an expressive means to distinguish a particular phenomenon among others by emphasizing its importance for the speaker and addressee. This work describes the functioning of Kazakh color designations as intensifiers compared to Turkic languages of Southern Siberia and the Kyrgyz language. In a figurative meaning, they can be used to express the intensification of a sign. In the Kazakh and the Kyrgyz languages, the largest number of adjectives - color designations are used to indicate the intensity of the manifestation of a sign. These adjectives in most cases characterize natural phenomena (heavy rain, frost, storm etc.). Considering the Turkic languages of Siberia, most adjectival color designation are presented in the Altaic language, while in other languages such examples are uncommon, phraseologized, and used mainly to convey the expressive characterization of a person. In all Turkic languages, the adjectival color designation ‘black’ is found to acquire the meaning of intensifier. The model of figurative meaning formation such as “black” → “intensive; with a high degree of quality or properties” is common for many Turkic languages. This study was conducted by analyzing the dictionaries of the Kazakh and Altaic languages and the samples from Kazakh and Altaic prose, where color designations are used not in their direct meaning to denote the color of objects but figuratively to express a high degree of manifestation of a feature, for example: “black” → “intensive.”","PeriodicalId":53939,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskii Filologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67577680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Equative constructions state that the object compared and the standard of comparison possess the same quality to the same degree (She is as tall as her father). In contrast, similative ones presuppose that the action is processed in the same manner (She sings like her mother). Such comparative constructions of equality have not been studied sufficiently in the typological aspect. Research on such constructions in a language allows for delineating their universal and individual features. This paper deals with equality constructions in Shor, an indigenous Turkic language spoken in South Siberia, Russian Federation. The author describes the morphological means expressing comparative semantics of equality in Shor, the structural and semantic types of such comparative constructions, distinguishing their equative and simulative semantic and structural types, as well as quantitative and qualitative ones. Also, generalized equality constructions are considered. The descriptive framework and terminology of Martin Haspelmath and Oda Buchholz are used to describe the typological properties of Shor equality constructions. This research has shown Shor to preserve ancient synthetic equality markers. They can be classified into quantitative and qualitative ones, although this distinction is present only in equative constructions. These markers are gradually replaced by newly coined analytical markers that are much more specialized and can be used only in equative or simulative constructions and express either qualitative or quantitative semantics. Interestingly, simulative constructions can also be of the quantitative semantic type that Martin Haspelmath and Oda Buchholz consider very uncommon.
{"title":"Typological features of Shor equative and similative constructions","authors":"I. Nevskaya","doi":"10.17223/18137083/81/22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/18137083/81/22","url":null,"abstract":"Equative constructions state that the object compared and the standard of comparison possess the same quality to the same degree (She is as tall as her father). In contrast, similative ones presuppose that the action is processed in the same manner (She sings like her mother). Such comparative constructions of equality have not been studied sufficiently in the typological aspect. Research on such constructions in a language allows for delineating their universal and individual features. This paper deals with equality constructions in Shor, an indigenous Turkic language spoken in South Siberia, Russian Federation. The author describes the morphological means expressing comparative semantics of equality in Shor, the structural and semantic types of such comparative constructions, distinguishing their equative and simulative semantic and structural types, as well as quantitative and qualitative ones. Also, generalized equality constructions are considered. The descriptive framework and terminology of Martin Haspelmath and Oda Buchholz are used to describe the typological properties of Shor equality constructions. This research has shown Shor to preserve ancient synthetic equality markers. They can be classified into quantitative and qualitative ones, although this distinction is present only in equative constructions. These markers are gradually replaced by newly coined analytical markers that are much more specialized and can be used only in equative or simulative constructions and express either qualitative or quantitative semantics. Interestingly, simulative constructions can also be of the quantitative semantic type that Martin Haspelmath and Oda Buchholz consider very uncommon.","PeriodicalId":53939,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskii Filologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67577722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents a comprehensive description of the language of the General Regulations. The content of the text is embodied with the help of a modernized language of documents, with a synthesis of Russian, Slavic, and foreign language elements carried out at different levels. The morphological basis is formed by the colloquial forms of names and verbs, including a small number of old forms. The syntax features a tendency to transform the colloquial structure of the phrase of pre-Petrine documents to make it more bookish. The lexical basis comprises Russian words, with the inclusion of Church Slavonicisms and numerous European borrowings. Church Slavonicisms are represented mainly by service vocabulary (conjunctions, particles, pronouns, adverbs). Of the Europeanisms, three groups of words are especially frequent: names of collegiate positions, names of documents and forms of work with them, and words of the behavioral sphere. Also, the paper provides a detailed description of the ways of expressing imperativeness in the text of the General Regulations in comparison with document texts of the pre-Petrine era. In addition to infinitive sentences traditionally used to express the command, the text of the General Regulations includes many new means, both borrowed and Russian in origin. In order to enhance the imperativeness, a wide range of various intensifiers was used. The language of the General Regulations reflects the results of its creators’ searching for the means of expression that could be adequate to a new genre and a new era.
{"title":"Language of the General Regulations of 1720 (on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of its first edition)","authors":"D. Rudnev","doi":"10.17223/18137083/78/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17223/18137083/78/13","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a comprehensive description of the language of the General Regulations. The content of the text is embodied with the help of a modernized language of documents, with a synthesis of Russian, Slavic, and foreign language elements carried out at different levels. The morphological basis is formed by the colloquial forms of names and verbs, including a small number of old forms. The syntax features a tendency to transform the colloquial structure of the phrase of pre-Petrine documents to make it more bookish. The lexical basis comprises Russian words, with the inclusion of Church Slavonicisms and numerous European borrowings. Church Slavonicisms are represented mainly by service vocabulary (conjunctions, particles, pronouns, adverbs). Of the Europeanisms, three groups of words are especially frequent: names of collegiate positions, names of documents and forms of work with them, and words of the behavioral sphere. Also, the paper provides a detailed description of the ways of expressing imperativeness in the text of the General Regulations in comparison with document texts of the pre-Petrine era. In addition to infinitive sentences traditionally used to express the command, the text of the General Regulations includes many new means, both borrowed and Russian in origin. In order to enhance the imperativeness, a wide range of various intensifiers was used. The language of the General Regulations reflects the results of its creators’ searching for the means of expression that could be adequate to a new genre and a new era.","PeriodicalId":53939,"journal":{"name":"Sibirskii Filologicheskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67575950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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