Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of a set of parameters in characterizing simulated infarcts in left ventricular (LV) models with variations in size and transmural extent. Material and methods: The deformation of the LV models with different infarct sizes was simulated using the Finite Element Method. These simulations provided meshes that were used to generate synthetic ultrasonic data within the FIELD II package. The strain components (longitudinal and circumferential) were then estimated over small subsegments of the of segments 7 and 12 (according to 17-segment left ventricle segmentation standard proposed by the American Heart Association - AHA17), using a hierarchical block matching method. The strain maps obtained were utilized to calculate the Strain Drop Factor (SDF) maps, which represent the percentage ratio of strain observed in the subsegments of the studied model to that observed in the healthy model. Infarct segmentation was performed using these maps, and various parameters were derived, including Infarct Cross-Section Area (ICSA), relative ICSA, Transmurality Ratio (TR), Mean Infarct Transmurality (MIT), strain drop factor in the infarcted region (SDFi), and Strain Contrast (SC). Results: The estimates of ICSA, SC, MIT, and SDFI showed good repeatability and demonstrated the ability to provide a quantitative assessment of the size and transmural extent of the infarcts. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that the evaluated parameters, including ICSA, SC, MIT, and SDFI, can be reliably used to assess the size and transmural extent of infarcts. These parameters offer a quantitative approach for characterizing infarcts based on strain analysis and have the potential to contribute to the diagnosis and evaluation of myocardial infarctions.
{"title":"Parametrization of subsegmental infarcts using high spatial resolution 2DSTE and synthetic ultrasonic data","authors":"J. Żmigrodzki, S. Cygan, Krzysztof Kałużyński","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of a set of parameters in characterizing simulated infarcts in left ventricular (LV) models with variations in size and transmural extent. Material and methods: The deformation of the LV models with different infarct sizes was simulated using the Finite Element Method. These simulations provided meshes that were used to generate synthetic ultrasonic data within the FIELD II package. The strain components (longitudinal and circumferential) were then estimated over small subsegments of the of segments 7 and 12 (according to 17-segment left ventricle segmentation standard proposed by the American Heart Association - AHA17), using a hierarchical block matching method. The strain maps obtained were utilized to calculate the Strain Drop Factor (SDF) maps, which represent the percentage ratio of strain observed in the subsegments of the studied model to that observed in the healthy model. Infarct segmentation was performed using these maps, and various parameters were derived, including Infarct Cross-Section Area (ICSA), relative ICSA, Transmurality Ratio (TR), Mean Infarct Transmurality (MIT), strain drop factor in the infarcted region (SDFi), and Strain Contrast (SC). Results: The estimates of ICSA, SC, MIT, and SDFI showed good repeatability and demonstrated the ability to provide a quantitative assessment of the size and transmural extent of the infarcts. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that the evaluated parameters, including ICSA, SC, MIT, and SDFI, can be reliably used to assess the size and transmural extent of infarcts. These parameters offer a quantitative approach for characterizing infarcts based on strain analysis and have the potential to contribute to the diagnosis and evaluation of myocardial infarctions.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138991410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction: The outbreak of the coronavirus infection, which has escalated into a pandemic, has worsened the already unfavourable situation with respiratory system diseases in Ukraine. The burden on doctors has significantly increased, necessitating the exploration of simplified and expedited methods for conducting routine respiratory examinations. The research aims to describe a model for creating an automated differential diagnosis of respiratory noise using an electronic stethoscope, combining medical and clinical information about the types of respiratory noise characterizing the normal or pathological state of the respiratory system with a means of its information and technical processing. Material and methods: The research methods were analysis of theoretical information about the types of respiratory noise, analysis of technical information for choosing an information technology tool for processing biological signals; synthesis of the results; modelling. Results: The research resulted in a model of automated differential diagnosis based on the principle of auscultation, which includes the process of extracting the sound of air movement inside and outside the lungs and the classification of the extracted sounds. Automation of this process concerned only the classification of the extracted sounds since the principle of extraction itself was the same for both mechanical and automatic implementations. Conclusions: The automatic classification process was intended to reduce the time of the procedure and reduce the influence of the human factor, eliminating the possibility of medical error. To implement the process, a deep machine learning method was used, the array of information for which was to be a created phonotheque of acoustic signals of the respiratory system, which would include all types of respiratory noise concerning normal or pathological processes in the body.
{"title":"Automated differential diagnostics of respiratory diseases using an electronic stethoscope","authors":"Diana Arhypenko, Denis Panaskin, Dmytro Babko","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: The outbreak of the coronavirus infection, which has escalated into a pandemic, has worsened the already unfavourable situation with respiratory system diseases in Ukraine. The burden on doctors has significantly increased, necessitating the exploration of simplified and expedited methods for conducting routine respiratory examinations. The research aims to describe a model for creating an automated differential diagnosis of respiratory noise using an electronic stethoscope, combining medical and clinical information about the types of respiratory noise characterizing the normal or pathological state of the respiratory system with a means of its information and technical processing. Material and methods: The research methods were analysis of theoretical information about the types of respiratory noise, analysis of technical information for choosing an information technology tool for processing biological signals; synthesis of the results; modelling. Results: The research resulted in a model of automated differential diagnosis based on the principle of auscultation, which includes the process of extracting the sound of air movement inside and outside the lungs and the classification of the extracted sounds. Automation of this process concerned only the classification of the extracted sounds since the principle of extraction itself was the same for both mechanical and automatic implementations. Conclusions: The automatic classification process was intended to reduce the time of the procedure and reduce the influence of the human factor, eliminating the possibility of medical error. To implement the process, a deep machine learning method was used, the array of information for which was to be a created phonotheque of acoustic signals of the respiratory system, which would include all types of respiratory noise concerning normal or pathological processes in the body.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139022897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Wysocka-Rabin, Magdalena Dobrzyńska, Katarzyna Pasicz, Witold Skrzyński, Ewa Fabiszewska
Abstract Introduction: Early detection of breast cancer requires high-quality mammographic images that have been made possible by the introduction of new technologies, such as full-field digital mammography (FFDM). In this new study, we perform extended measurements to calculate effective detective quantum efficiency (eDQE) and introduce effective noise equivalent quanta (eNEQ). Our aim was to show how these two metrics relate to the image quality of two digital mammography systems. Material and methods: Measurements were performed for a Siemens Mammomat Inspiration and a GE Senographe Pristina system. Each was equipped with an automatic exposure control (AEC) for use in a clinical setting. We used a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom at thicknesses of 20, 30, 40 and 70 mm to cover the range of scatter conditions expected in mammography, with and without an anti-scatter grid. The Siemens system had an a-Se detector, and the GE system had an indirect-conversion detector. Measurements of Kerma were performed with Piranha Black 657 meter (RTI Electronics AB). The majority of our calculations were automated, using a modified version of our software. Results: For the two mammographic systems evaluated, we characterized physical quality parameters, such as effective modulation transfer function (eMTF), effective normalized noise power spectrum (eNNPS), eDQE and eNEQ for a wide range of exposures, phantom thicknesses, with and without an anti-scatter grid. Results are presented as a function of spatial frequency. A contrast-detail analysis was performed with a CDMAM 3.4 phantom with dedicated software (CDMAM analysis 1.5.5, NCCPM) and a set of different PMMA phantoms. Conclusions: We successfully demonstrated that the eNEQ metric can be used as a new option to evaluate image quality for images taken with and without a grid and with phantoms of different thicknesses for the Siemens and GE systems. These results were consistent with the results obtained from CDMAM.
摘要简介:乳腺癌的早期检测需要高质量的乳房x线摄影图像，这已经通过引入新技术成为可能，例如全视野数字乳房x线摄影(FFDM)。在这项新研究中，我们进行了扩展测量来计算有效探测量子效率(eDQE)并引入有效噪声等效量子(eNEQ)。我们的目的是展示这两个指标如何与两个数字乳房x线摄影系统的图像质量相关。材料和方法:采用Siemens Mammomat Inspiration和GE Senographe Pristina系统进行测量。每个人都配备了用于临床环境的自动暴露控制(AEC)。我们使用了厚度为20,30,40和70mm的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)模体，以覆盖乳房x光检查中预期的散射条件范围，无论是否有防散射网格。西门子系统有一个a-Se检测器，GE系统有一个间接转换检测器。Kerma的测量用Piranha Black 657米(RTI Electronics AB)进行。我们的大部分计算都是自动化的，使用的是我们软件的修改版本。结果:对于评估的两种乳房x线摄影系统，我们表征了物理质量参数，如有效调制传递函数(eMTF)、有效归一化噪声功率谱(eNNPS)、eDQE和eNEQ，适用于大范围曝光、幻像厚度、有无抗散射网格。结果呈现为空间频率的函数。使用专用软件(CDMAM分析1.5.5,NCCPM)和一组不同的PMMA模型对CDMAM 3.4模型进行对比细节分析。结论:我们成功地证明了eNEQ指标可以作为一种新的选择，用于评估西门子和GE系统中有网格和没有网格以及不同厚度的幻影所拍摄的图像质量。这些结果与CDMAM得到的结果一致。
{"title":"Comparing eDQE and eNEQ metrics – is there an alternative approach to assessing image quality in digital mammography?","authors":"Anna Wysocka-Rabin, Magdalena Dobrzyńska, Katarzyna Pasicz, Witold Skrzyński, Ewa Fabiszewska","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Early detection of breast cancer requires high-quality mammographic images that have been made possible by the introduction of new technologies, such as full-field digital mammography (FFDM). In this new study, we perform extended measurements to calculate effective detective quantum efficiency (eDQE) and introduce effective noise equivalent quanta (eNEQ). Our aim was to show how these two metrics relate to the image quality of two digital mammography systems. Material and methods: Measurements were performed for a Siemens Mammomat Inspiration and a GE Senographe Pristina system. Each was equipped with an automatic exposure control (AEC) for use in a clinical setting. We used a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom at thicknesses of 20, 30, 40 and 70 mm to cover the range of scatter conditions expected in mammography, with and without an anti-scatter grid. The Siemens system had an a-Se detector, and the GE system had an indirect-conversion detector. Measurements of Kerma were performed with Piranha Black 657 meter (RTI Electronics AB). The majority of our calculations were automated, using a modified version of our software. Results: For the two mammographic systems evaluated, we characterized physical quality parameters, such as effective modulation transfer function (eMTF), effective normalized noise power spectrum (eNNPS), eDQE and eNEQ for a wide range of exposures, phantom thicknesses, with and without an anti-scatter grid. Results are presented as a function of spatial frequency. A contrast-detail analysis was performed with a CDMAM 3.4 phantom with dedicated software (CDMAM analysis 1.5.5, NCCPM) and a set of different PMMA phantoms. Conclusions: We successfully demonstrated that the eNEQ metric can be used as a new option to evaluate image quality for images taken with and without a grid and with phantoms of different thicknesses for the Siemens and GE systems. These results were consistent with the results obtained from CDMAM.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134995528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksandra Sobajtis, Paweł Kukołowicz, Beata Iwanowska-Chomiak
Abstract Introduction: Thanks to modern IGRT procedures, it is possible to track changes in the patient's anatomy and thus calculate the dose distribution for the current anatomical conditions of the patient. This allows the scheduled dose to be compared with the delivered dose. In the case of large discrepancies, it is possible to improve the treatment plan. Radiotherapy, during which the treatment plan is modified, resulting from changes in anatomy, is referred to as adaptive radiotherapy. Material and methods: This study was performed for 30 patients with H&N cancer at the University Hospital in Zielona Góra. All patients were treated with VMAT. The Simultaneous Integrated Technique was used. In each treatment session, set-up verification was performed. Alternating every other day, the CBCT and two orthogonal portal images were made, and position correction prior to each session was performed. For all patients, new planning CT was made after the 11th and 22nd treatment sessions. Dose distributions with the initial plan on CT11 and CT22 were calculated. The initial dose-volume histograms DVH0 were compared with dose-volume histograms DVH11 and DVH22 calculated on CT11 and CT22. Results: We compared the dose distribution in the CTVs and in the most important organs at risk obtained for initial anatomy and dose distributions calculated with the initial plan on the CTs performed after the second and the fourth week of irradiation. The differences between mean doses and V95% to GTV obtained for the initial CT and two other CTs were small. For a few CTs, the values of V95% were smaller by more than 5% points. In most patients, the mean dose in salivary glands increased during treatment. Conclusions: Anatomical changes occurring during radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancers have little influence on the dose deposited in the Clinical Target Volume. Adaptive therapy may be of particular importance if relapse occurs and re-irradiation.
{"title":"Evaluating the impact of anatomical changes on dose distributions in head and neck cancer","authors":"Aleksandra Sobajtis, Paweł Kukołowicz, Beata Iwanowska-Chomiak","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Thanks to modern IGRT procedures, it is possible to track changes in the patient's anatomy and thus calculate the dose distribution for the current anatomical conditions of the patient. This allows the scheduled dose to be compared with the delivered dose. In the case of large discrepancies, it is possible to improve the treatment plan. Radiotherapy, during which the treatment plan is modified, resulting from changes in anatomy, is referred to as adaptive radiotherapy. Material and methods: This study was performed for 30 patients with H&N cancer at the University Hospital in Zielona Góra. All patients were treated with VMAT. The Simultaneous Integrated Technique was used. In each treatment session, set-up verification was performed. Alternating every other day, the CBCT and two orthogonal portal images were made, and position correction prior to each session was performed. For all patients, new planning CT was made after the 11th and 22nd treatment sessions. Dose distributions with the initial plan on CT11 and CT22 were calculated. The initial dose-volume histograms DVH0 were compared with dose-volume histograms DVH11 and DVH22 calculated on CT11 and CT22. Results: We compared the dose distribution in the CTVs and in the most important organs at risk obtained for initial anatomy and dose distributions calculated with the initial plan on the CTs performed after the second and the fourth week of irradiation. The differences between mean doses and V95% to GTV obtained for the initial CT and two other CTs were small. For a few CTs, the values of V95% were smaller by more than 5% points. In most patients, the mean dose in salivary glands increased during treatment. Conclusions: Anatomical changes occurring during radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancers have little influence on the dose deposited in the Clinical Target Volume. Adaptive therapy may be of particular importance if relapse occurs and re-irradiation.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134994350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Kamperis, C. Kodona, Apostolia Papalexandrou, G. Arsos, Anna-Bettina Heidich, K. Hatziioannou, V. Giannouzakos, E. Papanastasiou
Abstract Introduction: Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) is a state-of-the-art prostate cancer treatment, defined by high dose gradients around targets. Its unique dose shaping incurs hidden complexity, impacting treatment deliverability, carcinogenesis, and machine strain. This study compares various aperture-based VMAT complexity indices in prostate cases using principal component and mutual information analyses. It suggests essential properties for an ideal complexity index from an information-theoretic viewpoint. Material and methods: The following ten complexity indices were calculated in 217 VMAT prostate plans: circumference over area (CoA), edge metric (EM), equivalent square field (ESF), leaf travel (LT), leaf travel modulation complexity score for VMAT (LTMCSV), mean-field area (MFA), modulation complexity score (standard MCS and VMAT variant MCSV), plan irregularity (PI), and small aperture score (SAS5mm). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to explore the correlations between the metrics. The differential entropy of all metrics was also calculated, along with the mutual information for all 45 metric pairs. Results: Whole-pelvis plans had greater complexity across all indices. The first three principal components explained 96.2% of the total variance. The complexity metrics formed three groups with similar conceptual characteristics, particularly ESF, LT, MFA, PI, and EM, SAS5mm. The differential entropy varied across the complexity metrics (PI having the smallest vs. EM the largest). Mutual information analysis (MIA) confirmed some metrics’ interdependence, although other pairs, such as LTMCSV/SAS5mm, LT/MCSV, and EM/SAS5mm, were found to share minimal MI. Conclusions: There are many complexity indices for VMAT described in the literature. PCA and MIA analyses can uncover significant overlap among them. However, this is not entirely reducible through dimensionality reduction techniques, suggesting that there also exists some reciprocity. When designing predictive models of quality assurance metrics, PCA and MIA may prove useful for feature engineering.
{"title":"Complexity analysis of VMAT prostate plans: insights from dimensionality reduction and information theory techniques","authors":"E. Kamperis, C. Kodona, Apostolia Papalexandrou, G. Arsos, Anna-Bettina Heidich, K. Hatziioannou, V. Giannouzakos, E. Papanastasiou","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) is a state-of-the-art prostate cancer treatment, defined by high dose gradients around targets. Its unique dose shaping incurs hidden complexity, impacting treatment deliverability, carcinogenesis, and machine strain. This study compares various aperture-based VMAT complexity indices in prostate cases using principal component and mutual information analyses. It suggests essential properties for an ideal complexity index from an information-theoretic viewpoint. Material and methods: The following ten complexity indices were calculated in 217 VMAT prostate plans: circumference over area (CoA), edge metric (EM), equivalent square field (ESF), leaf travel (LT), leaf travel modulation complexity score for VMAT (LTMCSV), mean-field area (MFA), modulation complexity score (standard MCS and VMAT variant MCSV), plan irregularity (PI), and small aperture score (SAS5mm). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to explore the correlations between the metrics. The differential entropy of all metrics was also calculated, along with the mutual information for all 45 metric pairs. Results: Whole-pelvis plans had greater complexity across all indices. The first three principal components explained 96.2% of the total variance. The complexity metrics formed three groups with similar conceptual characteristics, particularly ESF, LT, MFA, PI, and EM, SAS5mm. The differential entropy varied across the complexity metrics (PI having the smallest vs. EM the largest). Mutual information analysis (MIA) confirmed some metrics’ interdependence, although other pairs, such as LTMCSV/SAS5mm, LT/MCSV, and EM/SAS5mm, were found to share minimal MI. Conclusions: There are many complexity indices for VMAT described in the literature. PCA and MIA analyses can uncover significant overlap among them. However, this is not entirely reducible through dimensionality reduction techniques, suggesting that there also exists some reciprocity. When designing predictive models of quality assurance metrics, PCA and MIA may prove useful for feature engineering.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87852813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background: The cold pressor test (CPT) is a sympathoexcitatory manoeuvre to measure cardiovascular hyperactivity which may be a sign of future hypertension development. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the vascular stiffness background among healthy CPT hyper-reactor (H-R) males and age and gender-matched normo-reactors (N-R). Methods: The study was carried out in 34 healthy young males aged 19 years old. Five minutes of recordings of left middle fingertip digital pulse wave (DPW) signals (through a piezoelectric finger pulse transducer) were registered. This was followed by the application of a cold pressor. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during CPT were recorded, and the individuals were divided into N-Rs and H-Rs. Vascular stiffness indices like pulse wave velocity (PWV), B/A wave ratio, pulse rising time (PRT, or crest), large artery stiffness index (SI), and pulse width (PW) were compared between H-Rs and N-Rs. Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups across all studied parameters. Conclusion: The results suggest there was no difference in the vascular stiffness background between CPT H-R and N-R individuals.
{"title":"Vascular stiffness in cold pressor test hyper-reactors","authors":"Suzanna Adnan, F. Neda, B. Al-Gailani","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: The cold pressor test (CPT) is a sympathoexcitatory manoeuvre to measure cardiovascular hyperactivity which may be a sign of future hypertension development. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the vascular stiffness background among healthy CPT hyper-reactor (H-R) males and age and gender-matched normo-reactors (N-R). Methods: The study was carried out in 34 healthy young males aged 19 years old. Five minutes of recordings of left middle fingertip digital pulse wave (DPW) signals (through a piezoelectric finger pulse transducer) were registered. This was followed by the application of a cold pressor. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during CPT were recorded, and the individuals were divided into N-Rs and H-Rs. Vascular stiffness indices like pulse wave velocity (PWV), B/A wave ratio, pulse rising time (PRT, or crest), large artery stiffness index (SI), and pulse width (PW) were compared between H-Rs and N-Rs. Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups across all studied parameters. Conclusion: The results suggest there was no difference in the vascular stiffness background between CPT H-R and N-R individuals.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81883714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adiwasono M. B. Setiawan, C. Anam, E. Hidayanto, H. Sutanto, A. Naufal, G. Dougherty
Abstract Introduction Deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) is a very recent image reconstruction method that is already available for commercial use. We evaluated the quality of DLIR images and compared it to the quality of images from the latest adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR-V) algorithm in terms of noise-power spectrum (NPS) and modulation-transfer function (MTF). Methods We scanned a Revolution QA phantom (GE Healthcare, USA) and a 20 cm water phantom (GE Healthcare, USA) with our 512 multi-slice computed tomography (CT) scanner. Images of the tungsten wire within the Revolution QA phantom were reconstructed with a 50 mm field of view (FOV). The images were reconstructed with various ASIR-V strengths (i.e. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100%) and DLIRs (i.e. low, medium, and high) to assess the MTF. The images from the 20 cm water phantom were reconstructed with the same configuration to assess the NPS. Results The MTF was similar for both reconstruction algorithms of DLIR and ASiR-V. The peak frequency (fp) of the DLIR low was comparable to that from ASIR-V at 50, 60, 70%; the DLIR medium was comparable to ASIR-V at 80%; and the DLIR high was comparable to ASIR-V at 100%. The average frequency (fA) of the DLIR low was comparable to that from ASIR-V at 40%; the DLIR medium was comparable to ASIR-V at 50%; and the DLIR high was comparable to ASIR-V at 70%. Both the DLIR and ASIR-V were able to reduce noise, but they had a different texture. Conclusions The noise in the DLIR images was more homogenous at high and low frequencies, while in the ASIR-V images, the noise was more concentrated at high frequencies. The MTF was similar for both reconstruction algorithms. The DLIR method showed a better noise reduction than the ASIR-V reconstruction.
{"title":"Comparison of noise-power spectrum and modulation-transfer function for CT images reconstructed with iterative and deep learning image reconstructions: An initial experience study","authors":"Adiwasono M. B. Setiawan, C. Anam, E. Hidayanto, H. Sutanto, A. Naufal, G. Dougherty","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) is a very recent image reconstruction method that is already available for commercial use. We evaluated the quality of DLIR images and compared it to the quality of images from the latest adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR-V) algorithm in terms of noise-power spectrum (NPS) and modulation-transfer function (MTF). Methods We scanned a Revolution QA phantom (GE Healthcare, USA) and a 20 cm water phantom (GE Healthcare, USA) with our 512 multi-slice computed tomography (CT) scanner. Images of the tungsten wire within the Revolution QA phantom were reconstructed with a 50 mm field of view (FOV). The images were reconstructed with various ASIR-V strengths (i.e. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100%) and DLIRs (i.e. low, medium, and high) to assess the MTF. The images from the 20 cm water phantom were reconstructed with the same configuration to assess the NPS. Results The MTF was similar for both reconstruction algorithms of DLIR and ASiR-V. The peak frequency (fp) of the DLIR low was comparable to that from ASIR-V at 50, 60, 70%; the DLIR medium was comparable to ASIR-V at 80%; and the DLIR high was comparable to ASIR-V at 100%. The average frequency (fA) of the DLIR low was comparable to that from ASIR-V at 40%; the DLIR medium was comparable to ASIR-V at 50%; and the DLIR high was comparable to ASIR-V at 70%. Both the DLIR and ASIR-V were able to reduce noise, but they had a different texture. Conclusions The noise in the DLIR images was more homogenous at high and low frequencies, while in the ASIR-V images, the noise was more concentrated at high frequencies. The MTF was similar for both reconstruction algorithms. The DLIR method showed a better noise reduction than the ASIR-V reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75199034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Pidgaietskyi, N. Ulianchych, V. Kolomiiets, M. Rublenko, V. Andriiets'
Abstract Introduction The relevance of this study lies in the fact, that today the search for biocompatible materials for the management of bone defects is of importance. Such materials could become an alternative to transplants. For the replacement of bone defects, two-phasic bioactive ceramics of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate is a very attractive biomaterial due to its excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, but the results of its use are quite controversial due to insufficient bioactivity. The purpose of this work is to investigate the osseointegration properties of two-phase bioactive ceramics doped with silicon (HTdSi), both as a single component and a component in combination with platelet-rich fibrin, as well as in comparison with the well-known imported analogue – BIO, which consists of β-tricalcium phosphate, also as an independent component and a component in combination with platelet-rich fibrin. In the experiment, the rabbits of the New Zealand white breed at the age of 3 months and with an average weight of 2.5 kg were used. The terms of implantation are 30, 60, 90 and 180 days. The advantages of the domestic bio-composite are substantiated on the basis of clinical, radiological and histological studies. Material and methods In the experiment, the rabbits of the New Zealand white breed at the age of 3 months and with an average weight of 2.5 kg were used. The terms of implantation are 30, 60, 90 and 180 days. Results The osteointegration properties of two-phase bioactive ceramics doped with silicon (HTdSi), both as a single component and in combination with platelet fibrin, were investigated, as well as in comparison with the known imported analog - BIO, which contains β-tricalcium phosphate, both as a single component and in combination with platelet fibrin. Conclusions The advantages of domestic biocomposite are substantiated on the basis of clinical, radiological and histological studies.
{"title":"Osseointegration properties of domestic bioactive calcium phosphate ceramics doped with silicon","authors":"V. Pidgaietskyi, N. Ulianchych, V. Kolomiiets, M. Rublenko, V. Andriiets'","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction The relevance of this study lies in the fact, that today the search for biocompatible materials for the management of bone defects is of importance. Such materials could become an alternative to transplants. For the replacement of bone defects, two-phasic bioactive ceramics of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate is a very attractive biomaterial due to its excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, but the results of its use are quite controversial due to insufficient bioactivity. The purpose of this work is to investigate the osseointegration properties of two-phase bioactive ceramics doped with silicon (HTdSi), both as a single component and a component in combination with platelet-rich fibrin, as well as in comparison with the well-known imported analogue – BIO, which consists of β-tricalcium phosphate, also as an independent component and a component in combination with platelet-rich fibrin. In the experiment, the rabbits of the New Zealand white breed at the age of 3 months and with an average weight of 2.5 kg were used. The terms of implantation are 30, 60, 90 and 180 days. The advantages of the domestic bio-composite are substantiated on the basis of clinical, radiological and histological studies. Material and methods In the experiment, the rabbits of the New Zealand white breed at the age of 3 months and with an average weight of 2.5 kg were used. The terms of implantation are 30, 60, 90 and 180 days. Results The osteointegration properties of two-phase bioactive ceramics doped with silicon (HTdSi), both as a single component and in combination with platelet fibrin, were investigated, as well as in comparison with the known imported analog - BIO, which contains β-tricalcium phosphate, both as a single component and in combination with platelet fibrin. Conclusions The advantages of domestic biocomposite are substantiated on the basis of clinical, radiological and histological studies.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89295938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction Plastic scintillation detectors (PSD) have been developed for over four decades and are widely used in a variety of fields, but one can find relatively few reports of their clinical use compared to other dosimetric solutions. Material and methods The inexpensive detector setup made of a Saint-Gobain BC-400 plastic scintillator and commercially available on the market CMOS-based DSLR Pentax camera was investigated. Build PSD detectors were irradiated with 6, 10 and 15 MV flattening filtered (FF) and 6 and 10 MV flattening filter free (FFF) photon beams using a clinical linear accelerator. Data were processed using Matlab software to remove background and artefacts. A comparison of the spatial resolution parameters to the Gafchromic EBT3 films was performed. Results Average dose difference between TPS and PSD was 1.1%. The measured spatial resolution was 0.29 mm, and it differed from the film by 1.1%. MTF50 for PSD was 0.57 mm higher than the Gafchromic film. Signal to dose fit function with an R-square equal to 0.999 was established. The standard deviation of mean pixels value for a series of measurements was below 0.1%, for variable dose rate dependence was below 0.6% and for different energies 1.1%. It was demonstrated that such a setup allows a satisfactory signal-to-dose dependence and provides high spatial resolution at an affordable price compared to a 2D ion chamber or a diode detector array. Moreover, PSDs are reusable and provide a simple readout compared to Gafchromic films commonly used in radiotherapy departments. Conclusions Variable parameters of the camera allow to select signal values at the optimal level. The system presented excellent signal stability, high image resolution and a simple signal-to-dose relationship which encourages further work to investigate PSDs for use in radiation therapy departments.
{"title":"High resolution 2D plastic scintillator detectors for radiotherapy departments","authors":"G. Woźniak, B. Kozłowska","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Plastic scintillation detectors (PSD) have been developed for over four decades and are widely used in a variety of fields, but one can find relatively few reports of their clinical use compared to other dosimetric solutions. Material and methods The inexpensive detector setup made of a Saint-Gobain BC-400 plastic scintillator and commercially available on the market CMOS-based DSLR Pentax camera was investigated. Build PSD detectors were irradiated with 6, 10 and 15 MV flattening filtered (FF) and 6 and 10 MV flattening filter free (FFF) photon beams using a clinical linear accelerator. Data were processed using Matlab software to remove background and artefacts. A comparison of the spatial resolution parameters to the Gafchromic EBT3 films was performed. Results Average dose difference between TPS and PSD was 1.1%. The measured spatial resolution was 0.29 mm, and it differed from the film by 1.1%. MTF50 for PSD was 0.57 mm higher than the Gafchromic film. Signal to dose fit function with an R-square equal to 0.999 was established. The standard deviation of mean pixels value for a series of measurements was below 0.1%, for variable dose rate dependence was below 0.6% and for different energies 1.1%. It was demonstrated that such a setup allows a satisfactory signal-to-dose dependence and provides high spatial resolution at an affordable price compared to a 2D ion chamber or a diode detector array. Moreover, PSDs are reusable and provide a simple readout compared to Gafchromic films commonly used in radiotherapy departments. Conclusions Variable parameters of the camera allow to select signal values at the optimal level. The system presented excellent signal stability, high image resolution and a simple signal-to-dose relationship which encourages further work to investigate PSDs for use in radiation therapy departments.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88224829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Allam Ubaidillah, A. R. Fauzia, Adi Teguh Purnomo, N. Nasution, W. Wibowo, S. Pawiro
Abstract Background The use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for dose calculation in adaptive radiotherapy has been investigated in many studies. Proper acquisition and reconstruction of preset parameters could improve the accuracy of dose calculation based on CBCT images. This study evaluated the impact of the modified image acquisition and preset reconstruction parameter available in X-Ray Volumetric Imaging (XVI) to improve CBCT image quality and dose calculation accuracy. Materials and methods Calibration curves were generated by scanning the CIRS phantom using CBCT XVI Elekta 5.0.4 and Computed Tomography (CT) Simulator Somatom, which served as CT image reference. Rando and Catphan 503 phantoms were scanned with various acquisition and reconstruction parameters for dose accuracy and image quality tests. The image quality test is uniformity, low contrast visibility, spatial resolution, and geometrical scale test for each image by following the XVI image quality test module. Results Acquisition and reconstruction parameters have an impact on the Hounsfield Unit (HU) value that is used as the HU-Relative Electron Density (RED) calibration curve. The dose difference for all the calibration curves was within 1% and passed the gamma passing rate. Images acquired using 120 kVp, F1 (with Bowtie Filter), and 50 mA (F1-120-50-10) scored the highest Gamma Index (GI) of 98.5%. For the image quality test, it scored 1.20% on the uniformity test, 2.14% on the low contrast visibility test, and 11 lp/cm on the spatial resolution test. However, F1-120-50-10 reconstructed with different reconstructions scored 3.83% and 4 lp/cm in contrast and spatial resolution test, respectively. Conclusion CBCT reconstruction parameters work as a scatter correction. It could improve the dose accuracy and image quality. Nevertheless, without adequate CBCT acquisition protocols, it would produce an image with high uncertainty and cannot be fixed with reconstruction protocols. The F1-120-50-10 protocols generate the highest dose accuracy and image quality.
摘要背景锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)在适应性放疗中的剂量计算已被许多研究所探讨。对预设参数进行适当的获取和重建，可以提高基于CBCT图像的剂量计算精度。本研究评估了x射线体积成像(XVI)中改进的图像采集和预设重建参数对提高CBCT图像质量和剂量计算精度的影响。材料与方法采用CBCT XVI Elekta 5.0.4和CT模拟器Somatom作为CT图像参考，对CIRS假体进行扫描，生成校正曲线。用不同的采集和重建参数扫描Rando和Catphan 503模型，进行剂量精度和图像质量测试。图像质量测试是按照XVI图像质量测试模块对每张图像进行均匀性、低对比度可见度、空间分辨率和几何尺度测试。结果采集和重建参数对用作相对电子密度(RED)校准曲线的Hounsfield Unit (HU)值有影响。各校正曲线的剂量差值在1%以内，均通过伽玛通过率。使用120 kVp, F1(带领结滤镜)和50 mA (F1-120-50-10)获得的图像的Gamma指数(GI)最高，为98.5%。在图像质量测试中，均匀性测试得分为1.20%，低对比度可见性测试得分为2.14%，空间分辨率测试得分为11 lp/cm。不同重建方式重建的F1-120-50-10在对比度和空间分辨率测试中的得分分别为3.83%和4 lp/cm。结论CBCT重建参数具有散射校正的作用。它可以提高剂量精度和图像质量。然而，如果没有适当的CBCT采集协议，则会产生具有高不确定性的图像，无法用重建协议进行固定。F1-120-50-10方案产生最高剂量精度和图像质量。
{"title":"Effect of the Small Field of View and Imaging Parameters to Image Quality and Dose Calculation in Adaptive Radiotherapy","authors":"Allam Ubaidillah, A. R. Fauzia, Adi Teguh Purnomo, N. Nasution, W. Wibowo, S. Pawiro","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for dose calculation in adaptive radiotherapy has been investigated in many studies. Proper acquisition and reconstruction of preset parameters could improve the accuracy of dose calculation based on CBCT images. This study evaluated the impact of the modified image acquisition and preset reconstruction parameter available in X-Ray Volumetric Imaging (XVI) to improve CBCT image quality and dose calculation accuracy. Materials and methods Calibration curves were generated by scanning the CIRS phantom using CBCT XVI Elekta 5.0.4 and Computed Tomography (CT) Simulator Somatom, which served as CT image reference. Rando and Catphan 503 phantoms were scanned with various acquisition and reconstruction parameters for dose accuracy and image quality tests. The image quality test is uniformity, low contrast visibility, spatial resolution, and geometrical scale test for each image by following the XVI image quality test module. Results Acquisition and reconstruction parameters have an impact on the Hounsfield Unit (HU) value that is used as the HU-Relative Electron Density (RED) calibration curve. The dose difference for all the calibration curves was within 1% and passed the gamma passing rate. Images acquired using 120 kVp, F1 (with Bowtie Filter), and 50 mA (F1-120-50-10) scored the highest Gamma Index (GI) of 98.5%. For the image quality test, it scored 1.20% on the uniformity test, 2.14% on the low contrast visibility test, and 11 lp/cm on the spatial resolution test. However, F1-120-50-10 reconstructed with different reconstructions scored 3.83% and 4 lp/cm in contrast and spatial resolution test, respectively. Conclusion CBCT reconstruction parameters work as a scatter correction. It could improve the dose accuracy and image quality. Nevertheless, without adequate CBCT acquisition protocols, it would produce an image with high uncertainty and cannot be fixed with reconstruction protocols. The F1-120-50-10 protocols generate the highest dose accuracy and image quality.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90745027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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