Abstract Introduction: Based on the tumor’s growth potential and aggressiveness, glioma is most often classified into low or high-grade groups. Traditionally, tissue sampling is used to determine the glioma grade. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the Laplacian Re-decomposition (LRD) medical image fusion algorithm for glioma grading by advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and introduce the best image combination for glioma grading. Material and methods: Sixty-one patients (17 low-grade and 44 high-grade) underwent Susceptibility-weighted image (SWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, and Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI imaging. To fuse different MRI image, LRD medical image fusion algorithm was used. To evaluate the effectiveness of LRD in the classification of glioma grade, we compared the parameters of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The average Relative Signal Contrast (RSC) of SWI and ADC maps in high-grade glioma are significantly lower than RSCs in low-grade glioma. No significant difference was detected between low and high-grade glioma on FLAIR images. In our study, the area under the curve (AUC) for low and high-grade glioma differentiation on SWI and ADC maps were calculated at 0.871 and 0.833, respectively. Conclusions: By fusing SWI and ADC map with LRD medical image fusion algorithm, we can increase AUC for low and high-grade glioma separation to 0.978. Our work has led us to conclude that, by fusing SWI and ADC map with LRD medical image fusion algorithm, we reach the highest diagnostic accuracy for low and high-grade glioma differentiation and we can use LRD medical fusion algorithm for glioma grading.
{"title":"Using of Laplacian Re-decomposition image fusion algorithm for glioma grading with SWI, ADC, and FLAIR images","authors":"Amir Khorasani, M. Tavakoli, M. Saboori","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Based on the tumor’s growth potential and aggressiveness, glioma is most often classified into low or high-grade groups. Traditionally, tissue sampling is used to determine the glioma grade. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the Laplacian Re-decomposition (LRD) medical image fusion algorithm for glioma grading by advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and introduce the best image combination for glioma grading. Material and methods: Sixty-one patients (17 low-grade and 44 high-grade) underwent Susceptibility-weighted image (SWI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, and Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI imaging. To fuse different MRI image, LRD medical image fusion algorithm was used. To evaluate the effectiveness of LRD in the classification of glioma grade, we compared the parameters of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The average Relative Signal Contrast (RSC) of SWI and ADC maps in high-grade glioma are significantly lower than RSCs in low-grade glioma. No significant difference was detected between low and high-grade glioma on FLAIR images. In our study, the area under the curve (AUC) for low and high-grade glioma differentiation on SWI and ADC maps were calculated at 0.871 and 0.833, respectively. Conclusions: By fusing SWI and ADC map with LRD medical image fusion algorithm, we can increase AUC for low and high-grade glioma separation to 0.978. Our work has led us to conclude that, by fusing SWI and ADC map with LRD medical image fusion algorithm, we reach the highest diagnostic accuracy for low and high-grade glioma differentiation and we can use LRD medical fusion algorithm for glioma grading.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74183149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Miura, Fumika Takeichi, Tsubasa Enosaki, K. Yamada, S. Ozawa, Y. Nagata
Abstract Purpose: This study was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of X-ray output constancy quality assurance (QA) of a linear accelerator for various gantry angles using the Stealth Chamber. Methods: The X-ray output constancy of a Varian TrueBeam STx was evaluated under various gantry angles and a 10 × 10 cm2 field size using a Stealth Chamber. Specifically, 10X and 10X-flattening-filter-free beams with dose rates of 600 and 2400 monitor units (MU)/min, respectively, were used. The Stealth Chamber was attached to the gantry head, and irradiation was performed every 45° for gantry angles of 0-315°. To evaluate the variations in the output constancy with respect to the gantry angle, the acquired values were normalized to the value corresponding to a 0° gantry angle. The obtained results were utilized to determine the correction factors for all gantry angles. To verify the correction factors, additional measurements were performed for five days. Results: The maximum variation in the output constancy measurement relative to the output constancy at a 0° gantry angle was found to be approximately 4.0% for both energy beams at a gantry angle of 180°. Furthermore, the measured values were dependent on the gantry angle. Upon applying the correction factor, the variation in the output constancy with respect to the gantry angle was less than 0.5%. Conclusions: Output constancy QA using the Stealth Chamber for various gantry angles was found to be feasible with the application of a correction factor.
{"title":"Feasibility of output quality assurance considering gantry angle using “Stealth Chamber”","authors":"H. Miura, Fumika Takeichi, Tsubasa Enosaki, K. Yamada, S. Ozawa, Y. Nagata","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose: This study was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of X-ray output constancy quality assurance (QA) of a linear accelerator for various gantry angles using the Stealth Chamber. Methods: The X-ray output constancy of a Varian TrueBeam STx was evaluated under various gantry angles and a 10 × 10 cm2 field size using a Stealth Chamber. Specifically, 10X and 10X-flattening-filter-free beams with dose rates of 600 and 2400 monitor units (MU)/min, respectively, were used. The Stealth Chamber was attached to the gantry head, and irradiation was performed every 45° for gantry angles of 0-315°. To evaluate the variations in the output constancy with respect to the gantry angle, the acquired values were normalized to the value corresponding to a 0° gantry angle. The obtained results were utilized to determine the correction factors for all gantry angles. To verify the correction factors, additional measurements were performed for five days. Results: The maximum variation in the output constancy measurement relative to the output constancy at a 0° gantry angle was found to be approximately 4.0% for both energy beams at a gantry angle of 180°. Furthermore, the measured values were dependent on the gantry angle. Upon applying the correction factor, the variation in the output constancy with respect to the gantry angle was less than 0.5%. Conclusions: Output constancy QA using the Stealth Chamber for various gantry angles was found to be feasible with the application of a correction factor.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88964809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samira Keramat Jou, A. Mesbahi, R. Zamiri, F. Seyednejad
Abstract Introduction: Recent studies have shown that the use of high-density nanoparticles (NPs) in concrete composition improves its radiation shielding properties. In the present study, the linear attenuation coefficients and photon scattering properties of newly developed high-density Nano-concretes have been calculated using the MCNPX Monte Carlo code. Material and methods: The shielding properties of Nano-concretes containing 10%, 20%, and 30% weight percentage of Osmium, Iridium and Barite NPs (100 nm) as well as ordinary concrete were investigated. The 6 and 18 MV photon beams of Varian Linac and 60Co photons were used for simulation. Photon scattering flux was calculated for all Nano-concretes with 30 wt% of NPs and ordinary concrete at different angles. Results: In general, by adding Iridium, Osmium and Barite NPs to ordinary concrete, the linear attenuation coefficients increased. Despite a lower density relative to Iridium and Osmium, Nano-concretes containing Barite exhibited a higher linear attenuation coefficient due to their higher electron density. Conclusions: The results revealed a dependence between the scattered photon flux and the effective atomic number of Nano-concretes. With increasing the atomic number of fillers, the intensity of the scattered photon flux enlarged. Also, the scattered flux was higher for all types of concretes at 180 degrees relative to other angles.
{"title":"Monte Carlo Calculation of linear attenuation coefficients and photon scattering properties of novel concretes loaded with Osmium, Iridium and Barite nanoparticles","authors":"Samira Keramat Jou, A. Mesbahi, R. Zamiri, F. Seyednejad","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Recent studies have shown that the use of high-density nanoparticles (NPs) in concrete composition improves its radiation shielding properties. In the present study, the linear attenuation coefficients and photon scattering properties of newly developed high-density Nano-concretes have been calculated using the MCNPX Monte Carlo code. Material and methods: The shielding properties of Nano-concretes containing 10%, 20%, and 30% weight percentage of Osmium, Iridium and Barite NPs (100 nm) as well as ordinary concrete were investigated. The 6 and 18 MV photon beams of Varian Linac and 60Co photons were used for simulation. Photon scattering flux was calculated for all Nano-concretes with 30 wt% of NPs and ordinary concrete at different angles. Results: In general, by adding Iridium, Osmium and Barite NPs to ordinary concrete, the linear attenuation coefficients increased. Despite a lower density relative to Iridium and Osmium, Nano-concretes containing Barite exhibited a higher linear attenuation coefficient due to their higher electron density. Conclusions: The results revealed a dependence between the scattered photon flux and the effective atomic number of Nano-concretes. With increasing the atomic number of fillers, the intensity of the scattered photon flux enlarged. Also, the scattered flux was higher for all types of concretes at 180 degrees relative to other angles.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80691906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Purpose: Advanced radiation therapy techniques use small fields in treatment planning and delivery. Small fields have the advantage of more accurate dose delivery, but with the cost of some complications in dosimetry. Different dose calculation algorithms imported in various treatment planning systems (TPSs) which each of them has different accuracy. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation has been reported as one of the accurate methods for calculating dose distribution in radiation therapy. The aim of this study was the evaluation of TPS dose calculation algorithms in small fields against 2 MC codes. Methods: A linac head was simulated in 2 MC codes, MCNPX, and GATE. Then three small fields (0.5×0.5, 1×1 and 1.5×1.5 cm2) were simulated with 2 MC codes, and also these fields were planned with different dose calculation algorithms in Isogray and Monaco TPS. PDDs and lateral dose profiles were extracted and compared between MC simulations and dose calculation algorithms. Results: For 0.5×0.5 cm2 field mean differences in PDDs with MCNPX were 2.28, 4.6, 5.3, and 7.4% and with GATE were -0.29, 2.3, 3 and 5% for CCC, superposition, FFT and Clarkson algorithms respectively. For 1×1 cm2 field mean differences in PDDs with MCNPX were 1.58, 0.6, 1.1 and 1.4% and with GATE were 0.77, 0.1, 0.6 and 0.9% for CCC, superposition, FFT and Clarkson algorithms respectively. For 1.5×1.5 cm2 field mean differences in PDDs with MCNPX were 0.82, 0.4, 0.6 and -0.4% and with GATE were 2.38, 2.5, 2.7 and 1.7% for CCC, superposition, FFT and Clarkson algorithms respectively. Conclusions: Different dose calculation algorithms were evaluated and compared with MC simulation in small fields. Mean differences with MC simulation decreased with the increase of field sizes for all algorithms.
{"title":"Dose calculation accuracy for photon small fields in treatment planning systems with comparison by Monte Carlo simulations","authors":"Mojtaba Abazarfard, P. Azadeh, A. Mostaar","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose: Advanced radiation therapy techniques use small fields in treatment planning and delivery. Small fields have the advantage of more accurate dose delivery, but with the cost of some complications in dosimetry. Different dose calculation algorithms imported in various treatment planning systems (TPSs) which each of them has different accuracy. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation has been reported as one of the accurate methods for calculating dose distribution in radiation therapy. The aim of this study was the evaluation of TPS dose calculation algorithms in small fields against 2 MC codes. Methods: A linac head was simulated in 2 MC codes, MCNPX, and GATE. Then three small fields (0.5×0.5, 1×1 and 1.5×1.5 cm2) were simulated with 2 MC codes, and also these fields were planned with different dose calculation algorithms in Isogray and Monaco TPS. PDDs and lateral dose profiles were extracted and compared between MC simulations and dose calculation algorithms. Results: For 0.5×0.5 cm2 field mean differences in PDDs with MCNPX were 2.28, 4.6, 5.3, and 7.4% and with GATE were -0.29, 2.3, 3 and 5% for CCC, superposition, FFT and Clarkson algorithms respectively. For 1×1 cm2 field mean differences in PDDs with MCNPX were 1.58, 0.6, 1.1 and 1.4% and with GATE were 0.77, 0.1, 0.6 and 0.9% for CCC, superposition, FFT and Clarkson algorithms respectively. For 1.5×1.5 cm2 field mean differences in PDDs with MCNPX were 0.82, 0.4, 0.6 and -0.4% and with GATE were 2.38, 2.5, 2.7 and 1.7% for CCC, superposition, FFT and Clarkson algorithms respectively. Conclusions: Different dose calculation algorithms were evaluated and compared with MC simulation in small fields. Mean differences with MC simulation decreased with the increase of field sizes for all algorithms.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76368840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective: We compared mono-isocenter and dual-isocenter plans in synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC), which is defined as tumours occurring simultaneously in both breasts, and evaluated the effects of these differences in plans on organs-at-risk (OARs). Materials and methods: We evaluated 10 women with early stage, nod negative (Tis-2N0M0) SBBC. The treatment dose was determined to be 50 Gy. We used mean dose and VXGy to evaluate the OARs. To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment plans, Homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI) and sigma index (SI) and monitor units (MU) of monoisocenter (MIT) and dual-isocenter (DIT) plans were compared. During bilateral breast planning, for the single-centre plan, the isocenter was placed at the center of both breasts at a depth of 3-4 cm. For the two-center plan, dual-isocenters were placed on the right and left breasts. Results: No significant difference between the techniques in terms of the scope of the target volume was observed. Statistically significant results were not achieved in MIT and DIT plans for OARs. Upon comparing MIT and DIT, the right-side monitor unit (MU) value in DIT (p = 0.011) was statistically significantly lower than that in MIT. Upon comparing right-left side MIT and DIT, the MU value (p = 0.028) was significantly lower in DIT than MIT. Conclusion: SBBC irradiation is more complex than unilateral breast radiotherapy. No significant difference between both techniques and OARs was observed. However, we recommend MIT as a priority technique due to the ability to protect OARs, ease of administration during treatment, and the fact that the patient stays in the treatment unit for a shorter period of time.
{"title":"Quantitative and dosimetric analysis for treating synchronous bilateral breast cancer using two radiotherapy planning techniques","authors":"Ö. Mermut, Aysun Ata, D. Trabulus","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: We compared mono-isocenter and dual-isocenter plans in synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC), which is defined as tumours occurring simultaneously in both breasts, and evaluated the effects of these differences in plans on organs-at-risk (OARs). Materials and methods: We evaluated 10 women with early stage, nod negative (Tis-2N0M0) SBBC. The treatment dose was determined to be 50 Gy. We used mean dose and VXGy to evaluate the OARs. To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment plans, Homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI) and sigma index (SI) and monitor units (MU) of monoisocenter (MIT) and dual-isocenter (DIT) plans were compared. During bilateral breast planning, for the single-centre plan, the isocenter was placed at the center of both breasts at a depth of 3-4 cm. For the two-center plan, dual-isocenters were placed on the right and left breasts. Results: No significant difference between the techniques in terms of the scope of the target volume was observed. Statistically significant results were not achieved in MIT and DIT plans for OARs. Upon comparing MIT and DIT, the right-side monitor unit (MU) value in DIT (p = 0.011) was statistically significantly lower than that in MIT. Upon comparing right-left side MIT and DIT, the MU value (p = 0.028) was significantly lower in DIT than MIT. Conclusion: SBBC irradiation is more complex than unilateral breast radiotherapy. No significant difference between both techniques and OARs was observed. However, we recommend MIT as a priority technique due to the ability to protect OARs, ease of administration during treatment, and the fact that the patient stays in the treatment unit for a shorter period of time.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76389407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Winda Kusuma Dewi, C. Anam, E. Hidayanto, A. Nitasari, G. Dougherty
Abstract Purpose: The aim of this work was to establish the relationships of patient size in terms of effective diameter (Deff) and water-equivalent diameter (Dw) with lateral (LAT) and anterior-posterior (AP) dimensions in order to predict the specific patient dose for thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic computed tomography (CT) examinations. Methods: A total of 47 thoracic images, 79 abdominal images, and 50 pelvic images were analyzed in this study. The patient’s images were retrospectively collected from Dr. Kariadi and Kensaras Hospitals, Semarang, Indonesia. The slices measured were taken from the middle of the scan range. The calculations of patient sizes (LAT, AP, Deff, and Dw) were automatically performed by IndoseCT 20b software. Deff and Dw were plotted as functions of LAT, AP, and AP+LAT. In addition, Dw was plotted as a function of Deff. Results: Strong correlations of Deff and Dw with LAT, AP, and AP+LAT were found. Stronger correlations were found in the Deff curves (R2 > 0.9) than in the Dw curves (R2 > 0.8). It was found that the average Deff was higher than the average Dw in the thoracic region, the average values were similar in the abdominal and pelvic regions. Conclusion: The current study extended the study of the relationships between Deff and Dw and the basic geometric diameter LAT, AP, and AP+LAT beyond those previously reported by AAPM. We evaluated the relationships for three regions, i.e. thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions. Based on our findings, it was possible to estimate Deff and Dw from only the LAT or AP dimension.
{"title":"The effective and water-equivalent diameters as geometrical size functions for estimating CT dose in the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions","authors":"Winda Kusuma Dewi, C. Anam, E. Hidayanto, A. Nitasari, G. Dougherty","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose: The aim of this work was to establish the relationships of patient size in terms of effective diameter (Deff) and water-equivalent diameter (Dw) with lateral (LAT) and anterior-posterior (AP) dimensions in order to predict the specific patient dose for thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic computed tomography (CT) examinations. Methods: A total of 47 thoracic images, 79 abdominal images, and 50 pelvic images were analyzed in this study. The patient’s images were retrospectively collected from Dr. Kariadi and Kensaras Hospitals, Semarang, Indonesia. The slices measured were taken from the middle of the scan range. The calculations of patient sizes (LAT, AP, Deff, and Dw) were automatically performed by IndoseCT 20b software. Deff and Dw were plotted as functions of LAT, AP, and AP+LAT. In addition, Dw was plotted as a function of Deff. Results: Strong correlations of Deff and Dw with LAT, AP, and AP+LAT were found. Stronger correlations were found in the Deff curves (R2 > 0.9) than in the Dw curves (R2 > 0.8). It was found that the average Deff was higher than the average Dw in the thoracic region, the average values were similar in the abdominal and pelvic regions. Conclusion: The current study extended the study of the relationships between Deff and Dw and the basic geometric diameter LAT, AP, and AP+LAT beyond those previously reported by AAPM. We evaluated the relationships for three regions, i.e. thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions. Based on our findings, it was possible to estimate Deff and Dw from only the LAT or AP dimension.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82420698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Szymański, M. Piziorska, Oskar Madetko, W. Ślusarczyk-Kacprzyk, W. Bulski
Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to propose a dosimetric audit of the CyberKnife system. Dosimetry audit is an important part of the quality assurance process in radiotherapy. Most of the proposed dosimetric audits are dedicated to classical medical accelerators. Currently, there is no commonly implemented scheme for conducting a dosimetric audit of the CyberKnife accelerator. Material and methods: To verify the dosimetric and geometric parameters of the entire radiotherapy process, as is required in E2E test procedure, the CIRS SHANE anthropomorphic phantom was used. A tomography with a resolution of 1.5 mm was prepared, five PTVs (Planning Target Volume) of different volumes were drawn; approximately: 88 cm3, 44 cm3, 15 cm3, 7 cm3, 1.5 cm3. Five treatment plans were made using the 6D Skull tracking method, FIXED collimators, RayTracing algorithm. Each treatment plan was verified in a slab Phantom, with a PinPoint chamber. The dose was measured by an ionization chamber type TM31010 Semiflex, placed in the center area of the target. Results: The result of the QA verification in slab phantom was up to 5,0%. The percentage difference for the measurement in the SHANE phantom was: 4.29%, -1.42%, -0.70%, 1.37%, -1.88% respectively for the targets: 88 cm3, 44 cm3, 15 cm3, 7 cm3, 1.5 cm3. Conclusions: By analyzing various approaches to small-field dosimetry audits in the literature, it can be assumed that the proposed CyberKnife dosimetric audit using the SHANE phantom is an appropriate method of verification of the radiotherapy process. Particular attention should be paid to the target volume, adjusting it to the system capabilities.
{"title":"Dosimetry audit of the CyberKnife accelerator with the SHANE phantom","authors":"M. Szymański, M. Piziorska, Oskar Madetko, W. Ślusarczyk-Kacprzyk, W. Bulski","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to propose a dosimetric audit of the CyberKnife system. Dosimetry audit is an important part of the quality assurance process in radiotherapy. Most of the proposed dosimetric audits are dedicated to classical medical accelerators. Currently, there is no commonly implemented scheme for conducting a dosimetric audit of the CyberKnife accelerator. Material and methods: To verify the dosimetric and geometric parameters of the entire radiotherapy process, as is required in E2E test procedure, the CIRS SHANE anthropomorphic phantom was used. A tomography with a resolution of 1.5 mm was prepared, five PTVs (Planning Target Volume) of different volumes were drawn; approximately: 88 cm3, 44 cm3, 15 cm3, 7 cm3, 1.5 cm3. Five treatment plans were made using the 6D Skull tracking method, FIXED collimators, RayTracing algorithm. Each treatment plan was verified in a slab Phantom, with a PinPoint chamber. The dose was measured by an ionization chamber type TM31010 Semiflex, placed in the center area of the target. Results: The result of the QA verification in slab phantom was up to 5,0%. The percentage difference for the measurement in the SHANE phantom was: 4.29%, -1.42%, -0.70%, 1.37%, -1.88% respectively for the targets: 88 cm3, 44 cm3, 15 cm3, 7 cm3, 1.5 cm3. Conclusions: By analyzing various approaches to small-field dosimetry audits in the literature, it can be assumed that the proposed CyberKnife dosimetric audit using the SHANE phantom is an appropriate method of verification of the radiotherapy process. Particular attention should be paid to the target volume, adjusting it to the system capabilities.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73767559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Introduction: The radon isotopes are not as significant as (222Rn) due to the decay of the natural radionuclides (235U), (232Th) and (238U) due to their short half-life, at most. (222Rn) can be classified as among the most harmful radioactive elements in the world. Material and method: In this analysis, the closed-can technique was used with solid-state nuclear track detectors (CR-39). After forty days of closed dosimeter buried in the soil of the garden, and ninety days from the closed position in the air of some dwellings were collected dosimeter and stripped of nuclear detectors impact of closed groups. For 8 hours, CR-39 detectors were chemically etched by (6.25 N) NaOH solution at 70°C and then registered within an optical microscope. Result: The levels of soil radon concentrations ranged from 28.44±0.58 to 479.76±2.43 Bq/m3 with a mean value of 220.33±1.64 Bq/m3, while the concentration of radon in the air of certain dwellings varied from (1.95±0.27 to 46.82±0.75) Bq/m3 with an average value of 21.51±0.54 Bq/m3. In comparison, the annual effective dose attributed to radon in soil ranged from 0.71±0.09 mSv/y to 12.10±0.38 mSv/y with an average value of 5.55±0.261 mSv/y, while the annual effective dose in air differed from (0.04±0.02 mSv/y) to (1.18±0.12 mSv/y) with an average value of (0.60±0.09 mSv/y). Conclusion: Neglecting the effects of other radon sources, the percentage share of the annual effective dose due to radon in soil measured in the air home, ranged from 0.005±0.001 to 0.453±0.074 with an average value of 0.130±0.040. Weak correlation between concentrations of radon in households and soil air. But roughly speaking, one can say that in soil air every 1000 Bq/m3 and 1000 mSv/y contributes around 130 Bq/m3 and 130 mSv/y in indoor air.
{"title":"Contribution of soil in the annual effective dose due to radon in the air of some dwellings in the city of Karbala, Iraq","authors":"A. Hashim, L. A. Najam, F. Aljomaily","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: The radon isotopes are not as significant as (222Rn) due to the decay of the natural radionuclides (235U), (232Th) and (238U) due to their short half-life, at most. (222Rn) can be classified as among the most harmful radioactive elements in the world. Material and method: In this analysis, the closed-can technique was used with solid-state nuclear track detectors (CR-39). After forty days of closed dosimeter buried in the soil of the garden, and ninety days from the closed position in the air of some dwellings were collected dosimeter and stripped of nuclear detectors impact of closed groups. For 8 hours, CR-39 detectors were chemically etched by (6.25 N) NaOH solution at 70°C and then registered within an optical microscope. Result: The levels of soil radon concentrations ranged from 28.44±0.58 to 479.76±2.43 Bq/m3 with a mean value of 220.33±1.64 Bq/m3, while the concentration of radon in the air of certain dwellings varied from (1.95±0.27 to 46.82±0.75) Bq/m3 with an average value of 21.51±0.54 Bq/m3. In comparison, the annual effective dose attributed to radon in soil ranged from 0.71±0.09 mSv/y to 12.10±0.38 mSv/y with an average value of 5.55±0.261 mSv/y, while the annual effective dose in air differed from (0.04±0.02 mSv/y) to (1.18±0.12 mSv/y) with an average value of (0.60±0.09 mSv/y). Conclusion: Neglecting the effects of other radon sources, the percentage share of the annual effective dose due to radon in soil measured in the air home, ranged from 0.005±0.001 to 0.453±0.074 with an average value of 0.130±0.040. Weak correlation between concentrations of radon in households and soil air. But roughly speaking, one can say that in soil air every 1000 Bq/m3 and 1000 mSv/y contributes around 130 Bq/m3 and 130 mSv/y in indoor air.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83856243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajad Shafiekhani, T. H. Khalilabad, S. Rafiei, V. Sadeghi, A. Jafari, N. Gheibi
Abstract Background: Mathematical and predictive modeling approaches can be used in COVID-19 crisis to forecast the trend of new cases for healthcare management purposes. Given the COVID-19 disease pandemic, the prediction of the epidemic trend of this disease is so important. Methods: We constructed an SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered) model on the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. We estimated model parameters by the data on notified cases in Iran in the time window 1/22/2020 – 20/7/2021. Global sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the correlation between epidemiological variables and SEIR model parameters and to assess SEIR model robustness against perturbation to parameters. We Combined Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) as a rigorous time series prediction approach with the SEIR model to predict the trend of COVID-19 new cases under two different scenarios including social distance and non-social distance. Results: The SEIR and ANFIS model predicted new cases of COVID-19 for the period February 7, 2021, till August 7, 2021. Model predictions in the non-social distancing scenario indicate that the corona epidemic in Iran may recur as an immortal oscillation and Iran may undergo a recurrence of the third peak. Conclusion: Combining parametrized SEIR model and ANFIS is effective in predicting the trend of COVID-19 new cases in Iran.
{"title":"Trend and prediction of COVID-19 outbreak in Iran: SEIR and ANFIS model","authors":"Sajad Shafiekhani, T. H. Khalilabad, S. Rafiei, V. Sadeghi, A. Jafari, N. Gheibi","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Mathematical and predictive modeling approaches can be used in COVID-19 crisis to forecast the trend of new cases for healthcare management purposes. Given the COVID-19 disease pandemic, the prediction of the epidemic trend of this disease is so important. Methods: We constructed an SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered) model on the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. We estimated model parameters by the data on notified cases in Iran in the time window 1/22/2020 – 20/7/2021. Global sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the correlation between epidemiological variables and SEIR model parameters and to assess SEIR model robustness against perturbation to parameters. We Combined Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) as a rigorous time series prediction approach with the SEIR model to predict the trend of COVID-19 new cases under two different scenarios including social distance and non-social distance. Results: The SEIR and ANFIS model predicted new cases of COVID-19 for the period February 7, 2021, till August 7, 2021. Model predictions in the non-social distancing scenario indicate that the corona epidemic in Iran may recur as an immortal oscillation and Iran may undergo a recurrence of the third peak. Conclusion: Combining parametrized SEIR model and ANFIS is effective in predicting the trend of COVID-19 new cases in Iran.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86924108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Wysocka-Rabin, M. Dobrzyńska, K. Pasicz, W. Skrzyński, E. Fabiszewska
Abstract Introduction: Advances in digital detector technology and methods of image presentation in digital mammography now offer the possibility of implementing mathematical assessment methods to quantitative image analysis. The aim of this work was to develop new software to simplify the application of the existing international standard for DQE in digital mammography and show in detail how it can be applied, using a Siemens Mammomat Inspiration as a model. Material and methods: Consistent with the IEC standard a 2 mm Al filter at the tube exit and images in DICOM format as raw data, without applying any additional post-processing were used. Measurements were performed for W/Rh anode/filter combination and different tube voltage values (26 ÷ 34 kV) without any anti-scatter grid. To verify new software doses ranging from 20-600 µGy were used in measurements. Exposure (air kerma) was measured using a calibrated radiation meter (Piranha Black 457, RTI Electronics AB, Sweden). MTF was determined, using an edge test device constructed specifically for this work. Results: It has been demonstrated that with the new software the DQE can be measured with the accuracy required by the international standard IEC 62220-1-2. DQE has been presented as a function of spatial frequency for W/Rh anode/filter combination and different tube voltage. Conclusions: New software was used successfully to analyze image quality parameters for the Siemens Mammomat Inspiration detector. This was done on the basis of an internationally accepted methodology. In the next step, mammographs with different detector types can be compared.
{"title":"Determination of DQE as a quantitative assessment of detectors in digital mammography: Measurements and calculation in practice","authors":"A. Wysocka-Rabin, M. Dobrzyńska, K. Pasicz, W. Skrzyński, E. Fabiszewska","doi":"10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction: Advances in digital detector technology and methods of image presentation in digital mammography now offer the possibility of implementing mathematical assessment methods to quantitative image analysis. The aim of this work was to develop new software to simplify the application of the existing international standard for DQE in digital mammography and show in detail how it can be applied, using a Siemens Mammomat Inspiration as a model. Material and methods: Consistent with the IEC standard a 2 mm Al filter at the tube exit and images in DICOM format as raw data, without applying any additional post-processing were used. Measurements were performed for W/Rh anode/filter combination and different tube voltage values (26 ÷ 34 kV) without any anti-scatter grid. To verify new software doses ranging from 20-600 µGy were used in measurements. Exposure (air kerma) was measured using a calibrated radiation meter (Piranha Black 457, RTI Electronics AB, Sweden). MTF was determined, using an edge test device constructed specifically for this work. Results: It has been demonstrated that with the new software the DQE can be measured with the accuracy required by the international standard IEC 62220-1-2. DQE has been presented as a function of spatial frequency for W/Rh anode/filter combination and different tube voltage. Conclusions: New software was used successfully to analyze image quality parameters for the Siemens Mammomat Inspiration detector. This was done on the basis of an internationally accepted methodology. In the next step, mammographs with different detector types can be compared.","PeriodicalId":53955,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81647271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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