Pub Date : 2017-09-02DOI: 10.1080/15740773.2017.1480419
Ryan K. McNutt
ABSTRACT The use of battlefields and associated conflict sites provide tantalising hooks upon which to hang tapestries of grand narratives relating to regional and national identities, often defined by what the identities are not. This paper examines the unlikely connection between Jacobite and Confederate romanticism, and how battlefields, conflict related sites, and symbolic material culture are mobilised through active commemoration by some heritage groups in support of a created, mythic identity of a ‘Southern Celt’. Furthermore, it examines the production of a mythic history that whitewashes and recasts the Confederacy, the reality of the Civil War, and the Confederate Flag, while at the same time minimising, hiding, or ignoring competing narratives.
{"title":"‘What’s left of the flag’: the Confederate and Jacobite ‘lost cause’ myths, and the construction of mythic identities through conflict commemoration","authors":"Ryan K. McNutt","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1480419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1480419","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of battlefields and associated conflict sites provide tantalising hooks upon which to hang tapestries of grand narratives relating to regional and national identities, often defined by what the identities are not. This paper examines the unlikely connection between Jacobite and Confederate romanticism, and how battlefields, conflict related sites, and symbolic material culture are mobilised through active commemoration by some heritage groups in support of a created, mythic identity of a ‘Southern Celt’. Furthermore, it examines the production of a mythic history that whitewashes and recasts the Confederacy, the reality of the Civil War, and the Confederate Flag, while at the same time minimising, hiding, or ignoring competing narratives.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1480419","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49645975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-02DOI: 10.1080/15740773.2017.1487122
Brent Sinclair-Thomson, Sam Challis
ABSTRACT Remarkable similarities across colonial encounters where Africans believed projectiles could be influenced by ritual practices (medicines, behaviours, observances) demand enquiry into their conception and trajectory. Although suggestion of pan-subcontinental phenomena may elicit suspicion of a generalisation, here evidence is examined from the late-independent and colonial periods that shows that a general belief, held cognate between groups, may indeed have existed. The focus is on precolonial1 southern African beliefs in the manipulation of projectiles and how these may have affected ritual responses to firearms during colonisation. At least a millennium of interactions between hunters, herders and farmers appear to have resulted in commonly held beliefs, albeit with differential emphases. From first contact, and into sustained colonisation, it became necessary for Africans to highlight and/or adapt indigenous beliefs as mechanisms by which to cope with firearms and settler aggressive expansion.
{"title":"The ‘bullets to water’ belief complex: a pan-southern African cognate epistemology for protective medicines and the control of projectiles","authors":"Brent Sinclair-Thomson, Sam Challis","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1487122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1487122","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Remarkable similarities across colonial encounters where Africans believed projectiles could be influenced by ritual practices (medicines, behaviours, observances) demand enquiry into their conception and trajectory. Although suggestion of pan-subcontinental phenomena may elicit suspicion of a generalisation, here evidence is examined from the late-independent and colonial periods that shows that a general belief, held cognate between groups, may indeed have existed. The focus is on precolonial1 southern African beliefs in the manipulation of projectiles and how these may have affected ritual responses to firearms during colonisation. At least a millennium of interactions between hunters, herders and farmers appear to have resulted in commonly held beliefs, albeit with differential emphases. From first contact, and into sustained colonisation, it became necessary for Africans to highlight and/or adapt indigenous beliefs as mechanisms by which to cope with firearms and settler aggressive expansion.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1487122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46083710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-02DOI: 10.1080/15740773.2017.1480428
Morongwa Nancy Mosothwane
ABSTRACT In 1993, the remains of a minimum of 17 individuals from more than 150 commingled human bones were unethically excavated at Edward Street Cemetery in King William’s Town, South Africa. The remains are believed to have been of victims of the mid nineteenth century Xhosa cattle-killing incident, which came as a prophetic instruction through Nongqawuse. The incident led to a severe artificially induced famine among the Xhosa people and some of them died as a result of starvation. The deceased were buried on the unmarked and non-consecrated side of the cemetery. This report presents a detailed summary of the osteological analysis of the remains from the 1993 exhumation. Despite the current historical emphasis on the issue of death due to starvation, the bones do not show any signs of nutritional stress.
{"title":"The Osteological composition of the alleged victims of the Xhosa Cattle-Killing Saga from Edward Street Cemetery, King William’s Town, South Africa","authors":"Morongwa Nancy Mosothwane","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1480428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1480428","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 1993, the remains of a minimum of 17 individuals from more than 150 commingled human bones were unethically excavated at Edward Street Cemetery in King William’s Town, South Africa. The remains are believed to have been of victims of the mid nineteenth century Xhosa cattle-killing incident, which came as a prophetic instruction through Nongqawuse. The incident led to a severe artificially induced famine among the Xhosa people and some of them died as a result of starvation. The deceased were buried on the unmarked and non-consecrated side of the cemetery. This report presents a detailed summary of the osteological analysis of the remains from the 1993 exhumation. Despite the current historical emphasis on the issue of death due to starvation, the bones do not show any signs of nutritional stress.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1480428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60062579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.1080/15740773.2017.1443564
I. Banks, T. Pollard
This issue of the Journal is slightly thematic: two LiDAR-based papers and one using KOKOA (which uses some insights derived from LiDAR data). Effectively, we have three papers that are looking at different ways to investigate and understand conflict landscapes. All three papers provide an exciting introduction to what can be done, applying new ways of looking and thinking about conflict and the landscapes in which conflicts take place. The paper by Nico Roymans, Bart Beex and Jan Roymans looks at a conflict that rarely produces much archaeological research, the conflict that resulted in the separation of the Netherlands and Belgium into independent kingdoms between 1830 and 1839. The study is also of conflict-related archaeology rather than a battlefield, as it looks at the camps of the Dutch army and compares them to Napoleonic French army camps. This is a clear example of the power of LiDAR, where large areas can be covered rapidly, and at a very high resolution that records the very subtle traces left by the features of the camp. Terrestrial survey would miss much of this, and an effective survey would be prohibitively expensive and time-consuming. The LiDAR data provide beautiful images with stunning clarity, which can then be matched against the contemporary plans of the camps. The second paper is also on the subject of LiDAR imaging, and is by Max van der Schriek and Willem Beex. The focus of this paper is the traces of fuel dumps, ammunition stores, foxholes and so forth from the German occupation in the Second World War; these are features similar to those that have been discussed in papers in previous issues, most recently in issue 12.1 by Passmore et al. (2017). Van der Schriek and Beek look at the LiDAR images of the German features, with earlier features also visible. The paper also goes into detail about the way in which LiDAR data is gathered, and the potential issues that there might be with the images that result. The images are again very striking and show what can be done with LiDAR in the best conditions. The final paper is from Craig Brown, Jesús Torres-Martínez, Manuel Fernández-Götz and Antxoka Martínez-Velasco. Rather than focusing on LiDAR, this paper uses data from excavations, surveys and LiDAR to inform a KOKOA analysis of the fighting around Bergida in the Roman period. This is a very welcome paper for the journal: we rarely get papers from Classical sites, but it is also a paper that puts KOKOA into practice. The conflict landscape is analysed through this US Army approach, allowing the archaeologists to develop a deeper understanding of the nature and course of the fighting than the artefact distributions and texts could provide on their own. It could be argued that KOKOA just provides a justification for the instincts of the archaeologists, but it does provide a framework for asking questions and developing answers about that landscape. These papers give a strong indication of the potential for conflict archaeology
本期杂志的主题略有不同：两篇基于激光雷达的论文和一篇使用KOKOA的论文（使用了从激光雷达数据中获得的一些见解）。实际上，我们有三篇论文正在研究调查和理解冲突景观的不同方法。这三篇论文都令人兴奋地介绍了可以做什么，应用了看待和思考冲突的新方法以及冲突发生的环境。Nico Roymans、Bart Beex和Jan Roymans的这篇论文着眼于一场很少产生太多考古研究的冲突，这场冲突导致荷兰和比利时在1830年至1839年间分裂为独立王国。这项研究也是关于冲突相关的考古，而不是战场，因为它观察了荷兰军队的营地，并将其与拿破仑时期的法国军队营地进行了比较。这是激光雷达力量的一个明显例子，在激光雷达中，可以快速覆盖大片区域，并以非常高的分辨率记录营地特征留下的非常细微的痕迹。陆地调查将错过其中的大部分，而一项有效的调查将耗资巨大且耗时。激光雷达的数据提供了具有惊人清晰度的美丽图像，然后可以与营地的当代计划相匹配。第二篇论文也是关于激光雷达成像的，作者是Max van der Schriek和Willem Beex。本文的重点是第二次世界大战中德国占领时期的燃料堆、弹药库、散兵坑等遗迹；这些特征与前几期论文中讨论的特征相似，最近一期由Passmore等人在第12.1期中讨论。（2017）。范德施里克和比克观察了德国特征的激光雷达图像，早期特征也可见。本文还详细介绍了激光雷达数据的收集方式，以及由此产生的图像可能存在的潜在问题。这些图像再次非常引人注目，展示了在最佳条件下使用激光雷达可以做些什么。最后一篇论文来自Craig Brown、Jesús Torres Martínez、Manuel Fernández-Götz和Antxoka Martí的nez Velasco。本文没有关注激光雷达，而是使用挖掘、调查和激光雷达的数据来为KOKOA对罗马时期贝尔吉达周围战斗的分析提供信息。这是一篇非常受欢迎的论文：我们很少从古典网站上获得论文，但它也是一篇将KOKOA付诸实践的论文。通过美国陆军的这种方法分析了冲突景观，使考古学家能够比文物分布和文本本身更深入地了解战斗的性质和过程。可以说，KOKOA只是为考古学家的本能提供了一个理由，但它确实为提出关于这一景观的问题和发展答案提供了一种框架。这些论文有力地表明了这些技术在冲突考古中的潜力。在撰写这篇社论时，人们对激光雷达非常感兴趣，危地马拉雨林的研究结果表明，玛雅城市比以前认为的要大得多。这个故事已经传遍了媒体，也有关于这个主题的电视纪录片。然而，正如范德施里克和比克的论文所揭示的那样，激光雷达的故事并不完全简单。虽然这项技术可以去除地面上的树木覆盖物，因为一些光信号会到达地面，但它可能会有问题。树木覆盖率越高，测量结果的点就越少。为了填补数据中的空白，处理将在空白中插入值。在几乎没有差距和大量真实数据的情况下，这些数据是没有争议的。如果存在大量空白，而实际数据很少，则很容易过度处理
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"I. Banks, T. Pollard","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1443564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1443564","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of the Journal is slightly thematic: two LiDAR-based papers and one using KOKOA (which uses some insights derived from LiDAR data). Effectively, we have three papers that are looking at different ways to investigate and understand conflict landscapes. All three papers provide an exciting introduction to what can be done, applying new ways of looking and thinking about conflict and the landscapes in which conflicts take place. The paper by Nico Roymans, Bart Beex and Jan Roymans looks at a conflict that rarely produces much archaeological research, the conflict that resulted in the separation of the Netherlands and Belgium into independent kingdoms between 1830 and 1839. The study is also of conflict-related archaeology rather than a battlefield, as it looks at the camps of the Dutch army and compares them to Napoleonic French army camps. This is a clear example of the power of LiDAR, where large areas can be covered rapidly, and at a very high resolution that records the very subtle traces left by the features of the camp. Terrestrial survey would miss much of this, and an effective survey would be prohibitively expensive and time-consuming. The LiDAR data provide beautiful images with stunning clarity, which can then be matched against the contemporary plans of the camps. The second paper is also on the subject of LiDAR imaging, and is by Max van der Schriek and Willem Beex. The focus of this paper is the traces of fuel dumps, ammunition stores, foxholes and so forth from the German occupation in the Second World War; these are features similar to those that have been discussed in papers in previous issues, most recently in issue 12.1 by Passmore et al. (2017). Van der Schriek and Beek look at the LiDAR images of the German features, with earlier features also visible. The paper also goes into detail about the way in which LiDAR data is gathered, and the potential issues that there might be with the images that result. The images are again very striking and show what can be done with LiDAR in the best conditions. The final paper is from Craig Brown, Jesús Torres-Martínez, Manuel Fernández-Götz and Antxoka Martínez-Velasco. Rather than focusing on LiDAR, this paper uses data from excavations, surveys and LiDAR to inform a KOKOA analysis of the fighting around Bergida in the Roman period. This is a very welcome paper for the journal: we rarely get papers from Classical sites, but it is also a paper that puts KOKOA into practice. The conflict landscape is analysed through this US Army approach, allowing the archaeologists to develop a deeper understanding of the nature and course of the fighting than the artefact distributions and texts could provide on their own. It could be argued that KOKOA just provides a justification for the instincts of the archaeologists, but it does provide a framework for asking questions and developing answers about that landscape. These papers give a strong indication of the potential for conflict archaeology","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1443564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43180632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.1080/15740773.2017.1440960
Max van der Schriek, W. Beex
Abstract Airborne Laser Scanning or Light Detecting And Ranging (LiDAR) is quite a new technique for most archaeologists. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), derived from the LiDAR-data, can be very useful to map archaeological sites in order to get a better overview of what is left and how these remains should be protected and researched further. LiDAR-based DEMs can be extremely useful to conflict archaeologists, especially in the Netherlands where excavation of the remains of World War II (WWII) is often problematic. Using DEMs it is possible to make both an indication of the archaeological and the heritage value of a conflict site. The use of DEMs will improve the prospection, mapping and monitoring of archaeological sites.
{"title":"The application of LiDAR-based DEMs on WWII conflict sites in the Netherlands","authors":"Max van der Schriek, W. Beex","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1440960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1440960","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Airborne Laser Scanning or Light Detecting And Ranging (LiDAR) is quite a new technique for most archaeologists. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), derived from the LiDAR-data, can be very useful to map archaeological sites in order to get a better overview of what is left and how these remains should be protected and researched further. LiDAR-based DEMs can be extremely useful to conflict archaeologists, especially in the Netherlands where excavation of the remains of World War II (WWII) is often problematic. Using DEMs it is possible to make both an indication of the archaeological and the heritage value of a conflict site. The use of DEMs will improve the prospection, mapping and monitoring of archaeological sites.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1440960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42171416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.1080/15740773.2017.1440993
Craig J. Brown, Jesús F. Torres-Martínez, Manuel Fernández-Götz, Antxoka Martínez-Velasco
Abstract As conflict archaeology has matured as a discipline, there have been calls for more unified analytical techniques. Several researchers advocate the adoption of codified analytical and planning concepts used by the United States Army. One of these concepts, KOCOA Terrain Analysis, shows promise as a locational and analytical aid in archaeological contexts. Defining terrain features are identified and categorized according to well-defined terminology, allowing for a detailed analysis of the effects of terrain on military operations. KOCOA’s structure and codification render the concept transferable between researchers and diachronically across different site types. KOCOA has only rarely been utilized outside the United States and only on historical battlefields. The ongoing archaeological research at the Monte Bernorio oppidum (Palencia, Spain) provides an opportunity to utilize KOCOA in a classical, proto-historical archaeological context.
随着冲突考古学作为一门学科的成熟，人们一直呼吁建立更统一的分析技术。一些研究人员主张采用美国陆军所使用的经编纂的分析和规划概念。其中一个概念，KOCOA地形分析，显示了在考古背景下的定位和分析援助的前景。定义地形特征是根据定义明确的术语进行识别和分类，以便详细分析地形对军事行动的影响。KOCOA的结构和编纂使这一概念在研究人员之间可转移，并跨越不同的场地类型。KOCOA很少在美国以外的地方使用，而且只在历史战场上使用。在Monte Bernorio oppidum (Palencia, Spain)正在进行的考古研究提供了一个将KOCOA应用于古典、原始历史考古背景的机会。
{"title":"Fought under the walls of Bergida: KOCOA analysis of the Roman attack on the Cantabrian oppidum of Monte Bernorio (Spain)","authors":"Craig J. Brown, Jesús F. Torres-Martínez, Manuel Fernández-Götz, Antxoka Martínez-Velasco","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1440993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1440993","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As conflict archaeology has matured as a discipline, there have been calls for more unified analytical techniques. Several researchers advocate the adoption of codified analytical and planning concepts used by the United States Army. One of these concepts, KOCOA Terrain Analysis, shows promise as a locational and analytical aid in archaeological contexts. Defining terrain features are identified and categorized according to well-defined terminology, allowing for a detailed analysis of the effects of terrain on military operations. KOCOA’s structure and codification render the concept transferable between researchers and diachronically across different site types. KOCOA has only rarely been utilized outside the United States and only on historical battlefields. The ongoing archaeological research at the Monte Bernorio oppidum (Palencia, Spain) provides an opportunity to utilize KOCOA in a classical, proto-historical archaeological context.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1440993","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47421153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.1080/15740773.2017.1440963
N. Roymans, Bart Beex, J. Roymans
Abstract This paper focuses on the period of the political separation of the Netherlands and Belgium (1830–1839). Both countries were in a state of war for almost a decade, which resulted in massive troop deployments along their borders and the militarisation of the landscape. The principal objects of study are the Dutch army camps at Rijen and Oirschot near the Belgian border, which to date have barely received any scholarly attention. Both camps were almost 2 km across and offered accommodation to up to 12,000 infantry soldiers. They will be studied from an archaeological-historical perspective, focusing on the spatial and social dimensions of the camps and their place in the wider landscape. The camps are representative of the final stage of pre-industrial warfare in Europe, which is characterised by a continuation of many eighteenth century and Napoleonic traditions.
{"title":"Some Napoleonic-style army camps from the period of the Dutch-Belgian separation (1830–1839) in the Southern Netherlands","authors":"N. Roymans, Bart Beex, J. Roymans","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1440963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1440963","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper focuses on the period of the political separation of the Netherlands and Belgium (1830–1839). Both countries were in a state of war for almost a decade, which resulted in massive troop deployments along their borders and the militarisation of the landscape. The principal objects of study are the Dutch army camps at Rijen and Oirschot near the Belgian border, which to date have barely received any scholarly attention. Both camps were almost 2 km across and offered accommodation to up to 12,000 infantry soldiers. They will be studied from an archaeological-historical perspective, focusing on the spatial and social dimensions of the camps and their place in the wider landscape. The camps are representative of the final stage of pre-industrial warfare in Europe, which is characterised by a continuation of many eighteenth century and Napoleonic traditions.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1440963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42610883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15740773.2017.1426535
D. Passmore, David Capps-Tunwell, M. Reinders, S. Harrison
Abstract This paper reviews the signature characteristics of extant Second World War German army munitions storage landscapes in forested areas of north-west Europe with particular reference to sites in north-west France and the Netherlands. Archaeological survey, aerial photographs and documentary archives show the geography of munitions sites exhibit a regulated pattern of bunker disposition and spacing that is adapted to local road configurations and terrain. Non-hardened bunkers form the predominant feature in munitions depots and conform to a five-/six-fold typology defined by non-invasive survey and excavated examples from the Netherlands. The typology reflects an evolution of storage protocols towards all-round protection from the effects of weather and blast, but also reveals variation in size, structural characteristics and function that poses questions for further study. It is anticipated that these results will be of diagnostic value in future Second World War conflict archaeological survey of German military support structures in formerly occupied territories.
{"title":"Towards an archaeology and geography of Second World War German munitions storage sites in north-west Europe","authors":"D. Passmore, David Capps-Tunwell, M. Reinders, S. Harrison","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1426535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1426535","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper reviews the signature characteristics of extant Second World War German army munitions storage landscapes in forested areas of north-west Europe with particular reference to sites in north-west France and the Netherlands. Archaeological survey, aerial photographs and documentary archives show the geography of munitions sites exhibit a regulated pattern of bunker disposition and spacing that is adapted to local road configurations and terrain. Non-hardened bunkers form the predominant feature in munitions depots and conform to a five-/six-fold typology defined by non-invasive survey and excavated examples from the Netherlands. The typology reflects an evolution of storage protocols towards all-round protection from the effects of weather and blast, but also reveals variation in size, structural characteristics and function that poses questions for further study. It is anticipated that these results will be of diagnostic value in future Second World War conflict archaeological survey of German military support structures in formerly occupied territories.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1426535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48766531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15740773.2017.1414423
P. Marter, R. Visser, Pim Alders, C. Röder, M. Gottwald, Mirko Mank, Steven Hubbard, Udo Recker
Abstract This article outlines the preliminary results of archaeological fieldwork at the crash site of RAF Halifax bomber LV881-ZA-V and explores some of the challenges presented by the excavation of this military wartime crash site. The aircraft and her crew were shot down by a German night fighter in the early hours of 31 March 1944 during the infamous Nuremberg Raid. Four of her crew were killed and the remaining three were taken prisoner and later took part in the ‘Long March’. All three survived the war. An international team comprised of staff and students from Germany, the Netherlands, Finland and the UK explored what remained of the crash site, located on a hill outside the village of Steinheim, north east of Frankfurt in the German Federal State of Hesse.
{"title":"The excavation of WWII RAF bomber, Halifax LV881-ZA-V","authors":"P. Marter, R. Visser, Pim Alders, C. Röder, M. Gottwald, Mirko Mank, Steven Hubbard, Udo Recker","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1414423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1414423","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article outlines the preliminary results of archaeological fieldwork at the crash site of RAF Halifax bomber LV881-ZA-V and explores some of the challenges presented by the excavation of this military wartime crash site. The aircraft and her crew were shot down by a German night fighter in the early hours of 31 March 1944 during the infamous Nuremberg Raid. Four of her crew were killed and the remaining three were taken prisoner and later took part in the ‘Long March’. All three survived the war. An international team comprised of staff and students from Germany, the Netherlands, Finland and the UK explored what remained of the crash site, located on a hill outside the village of Steinheim, north east of Frankfurt in the German Federal State of Hesse.","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1414423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48448013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15740773.2017.1429239
I. Banks, T. Pollard
The papers in this first issue of the 12th volume of this journal are all on topics associated with the Second World War. The first paper (by Seitsonen, Herva, Nordqvist, and Herva) is a report on the excavation of a Prisoner of War work camp in Arctic Finland, the first German camp in Finland to be excavated. The Arctic north is a very different environment to that of most of Europe, and accordingly the camps demonstrate features uncommon to other German prisoner of war camps. The paper goes beyond a mere excavation report to show some of the real potential of Conflict Archaeology by tracing the lines of distribution into the camp of material from across Europe. It is a tremendous piece of research that both demonstrates what can be done with Conflict Archaeology, and the research potential of prisoner of war camps. It is also a welcome paper on the less martial aspects of Conflict Archaeology, looking at the archaeology beyond the battlefield. The second paper (by Marter, Visser, Alders, Röder, Gottwald, Mank, Hubbard and Recker) is an account of the excavation of a Halifax bomber shot down in March 1944 over Germany. Most aircraft excavations to date have been carried out by enthusiasts, with variable quality of recording and commitment to understanding the details of the crash. This excavation combined metal detector survey with traditional archaeological excavation techniques to provide information that was sufficient to allow reconstruction of the shooting down and crashing of the aircraft. The paper is a useful contribution to the developing sub-discipline of aviation archaeology as it shows just how much material can be recovered through careful excavation, and underlines that aircraft wrecks from the twentieth century should not be abandoned to trophy hunters, but should be treated as any other aspect of the historic environment. The final paper in the issue (by Dave Passmore, David Capps-Tunwell, Martijn Reinders and Stephan Harrison) is another aspect of the archaeology of the Second World War behind the frontline. The research looks at the fuel dumps and ammo stores of north-west Europe, providing a very useful typology of such sites that can be used across Western Europe. The team responsible for this research has provided a series of papers over the past few years both in this journal and in others on the ephemeral Second World War remains still surviving in forested environments, and this contribution adds to that corpus of material that is now available for the long-term benefit of other researchers. This final paper works particularly well with the first paper, as both look at the material which was a part of the daily lived experience of soldiers and PoWs during the Second World War. Both papers resulted from projects dealing with the traces of the Second World War that survive in woodlands and on marginal ground that have remained largely untouched since the war. Whereas the towns and fields of Europe have lost many of the trac
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"I. Banks, T. Pollard","doi":"10.1080/15740773.2017.1429239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15740773.2017.1429239","url":null,"abstract":"The papers in this first issue of the 12th volume of this journal are all on topics associated with the Second World War. The first paper (by Seitsonen, Herva, Nordqvist, and Herva) is a report on the excavation of a Prisoner of War work camp in Arctic Finland, the first German camp in Finland to be excavated. The Arctic north is a very different environment to that of most of Europe, and accordingly the camps demonstrate features uncommon to other German prisoner of war camps. The paper goes beyond a mere excavation report to show some of the real potential of Conflict Archaeology by tracing the lines of distribution into the camp of material from across Europe. It is a tremendous piece of research that both demonstrates what can be done with Conflict Archaeology, and the research potential of prisoner of war camps. It is also a welcome paper on the less martial aspects of Conflict Archaeology, looking at the archaeology beyond the battlefield. The second paper (by Marter, Visser, Alders, Röder, Gottwald, Mank, Hubbard and Recker) is an account of the excavation of a Halifax bomber shot down in March 1944 over Germany. Most aircraft excavations to date have been carried out by enthusiasts, with variable quality of recording and commitment to understanding the details of the crash. This excavation combined metal detector survey with traditional archaeological excavation techniques to provide information that was sufficient to allow reconstruction of the shooting down and crashing of the aircraft. The paper is a useful contribution to the developing sub-discipline of aviation archaeology as it shows just how much material can be recovered through careful excavation, and underlines that aircraft wrecks from the twentieth century should not be abandoned to trophy hunters, but should be treated as any other aspect of the historic environment. The final paper in the issue (by Dave Passmore, David Capps-Tunwell, Martijn Reinders and Stephan Harrison) is another aspect of the archaeology of the Second World War behind the frontline. The research looks at the fuel dumps and ammo stores of north-west Europe, providing a very useful typology of such sites that can be used across Western Europe. The team responsible for this research has provided a series of papers over the past few years both in this journal and in others on the ephemeral Second World War remains still surviving in forested environments, and this contribution adds to that corpus of material that is now available for the long-term benefit of other researchers. This final paper works particularly well with the first paper, as both look at the material which was a part of the daily lived experience of soldiers and PoWs during the Second World War. Both papers resulted from projects dealing with the traces of the Second World War that survive in woodlands and on marginal ground that have remained largely untouched since the war. Whereas the towns and fields of Europe have lost many of the trac","PeriodicalId":53987,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Conflict Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15740773.2017.1429239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43681372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：