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The Inoperative Community in The Bell Jar: The Sharing of Interrupted Myth 《钟形罩》中的无效社区:中断神话的分享
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-06-23 DOI: 10.28914/ATLANTIS-2017.39.1.71-90
Maria Luisa Pascual-Garrido
In this essay I intend to offer an analysis of Sylvia Plath’s novel The Bell Jar (1963) that goes beyond the scope of the confessional and feminist readings which have prevailed in Plathian studies. Following the critical interest raised by the notion of community and its problematic relationship with individual subjectivity in recent decades, I draw on Jean-Luc Nancy’s understanding of “community” (1985-1986) in order to offer an alternative interpretation of The Bell Jar. The theoretical framework which inspires this essay declares the impossibility of an operative community which actually fulfils the natural longing of all human beings for immanence and transcendence. I argue that The Bell Jar actually tackles the interruption of two long-standing myths—the possibility of community and the assertion of autonomy of the self. Since the latter has already been addressed by several authors as a central issue in Plath’s novel, I here focus on how she deals with the shattered myth of community. Far from being a narcissistic account of private traumas, the novel is paradoxically an attempt to share with others a universal plight—the overwhelming sense of humans as exposed and finite beings facing the absence of a community of immanence. Ironically, it is the sharing of that disturbing truth which allows the emergence of community in Plath’s novel. Key words: Sylvia Plath; The Bell Jar; inoperative community; singularity; finitude; exposure
在这篇文章中,我打算对西尔维娅·普拉斯的小说《钟罩》(1963)进行分析,这篇文章超越了普拉斯研究中盛行的忏悔和女权主义阅读的范围。后提出的关键利益共同体的概念及其与个体主体性问题关系在最近几十年,我利用jean - luc南希的理解“社区”(1985 - 1986)以钟罩的解释提供了一种选择。启发本文的理论框架表明,不可能存在一个真正满足人类对内在和超越的自然渴望的行动共同体。我认为《钟形罩》实际上解决了两个长期存在的神话的中断——社区的可能性和自我自治的主张。由于后者已经被几位作者作为普拉斯小说的中心问题加以讨论,我在这里关注她是如何处理破碎的社区神话的。这本小说远非对个人创伤的自恋描述,相反,它试图与他人分享一种普遍的困境——人类作为暴露的、有限的存在,面临着缺乏内在共同体的压倒性感觉。具有讽刺意味的是,正是这种令人不安的真相的分享使得普拉斯的小说中出现了共同体。关键词:西尔维娅·普拉斯;钟形罩;不起作用的社区;奇点;界限;曝光
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引用次数: 0
“A Dangerous Love”: Ben Okri’s Persisting Commitment to Literary Experimentation 《危险的爱》:本·奥克里对文学实验的坚持
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-06-23 DOI: 10.28914/ATLANTIS-2017.39.1.189-204
Maurice O'Connor
A once high-profile post-colonial writer, it is noticeable that the London-Nigerian novelist and essayist Ben Okri has all but dropped out of view as far as the literary establishment is concerned. While his earlier works still receive much academic attention and are deemed highly influential, critical engagements with his later fiction are almost non-existent. With this in mind, our aim is to map out the many transformations the author’s work has gone through and offer explanations as to the reasons behind certain negative receptions of the author’s work. To understand the new directions the author’s current writings have taken, one must analyse the totality of his novelistic writings as a single collective body striving towards a sustained renovation of the literary form. Our premise is that this experimentation might, contrary to its aim, be hampering the author’s success, and our study shall, therefore, examine in detail the experimental nature of these later works and offer a series of perceptions as to their possible shortcomings. Keywords: Ben Okri; post-colonial writing; literary experimentation; spiritual resource-bases; hybridism; New Ageism
作为一个曾经备受瞩目的后殖民作家,值得注意的是,伦敦裔尼日利亚小说家和散文家本·奥克里(Ben Okri)几乎已经淡出了文学界的视野。虽然他的早期作品仍然受到很多学术关注,并被认为极具影响力,但对他后期小说的批评几乎不存在。考虑到这一点,我们的目标是绘制出作者工作经历的许多转变,并提供对作者工作某些负面接受背后的原因的解释。要理解作者当前作品所采取的新方向,我们必须把他的小说作品作为一个单一的集体来分析,以实现文学形式的持续革新。我们的前提是,这种实验可能,与其目的相反,阻碍了作者的成功,因此,我们的研究将详细检查这些后期作品的实验性质,并提供一系列关于它们可能存在的缺点的看法。关键词:本·奥克里;后殖民写作;文学实验;精神资源基础;杂种;新的年龄歧视
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引用次数: 1
Woody Guthrie’s "Songs Against Franco" 伍迪·格思里的《反佛朗哥之歌》
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-06-23 DOI: 10.5420/WGA.0.54-72
Will Kaufman
In 1952 Woody Guthrie wrote a series of songs condemning the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco. These songs were never published or recorded. The present article, based on research at the Woody Guthrie Archives in Tulsa, Oklahoma, is the first study of Guthrie’s anti-Franco writings, situating them in the context of Guthrie’s abiding anti-fascism amidst the repressive political culture of McCarthyism. Guthrie’s Songs Against Franco are also placed within the broader history of the songs of the Spanish Civil War as they were adopted and perpetuated in American leftist circles following the defeat of the Second Spanish Republic. Written coterminously with the onset of Guthrie’s fatal Huntington’s disease, they are the legacy of his final assault on what he perceived to be the transplanting of embryonic fascism into the US, a small but coherent body of work yoking the Spanish past to Guthrie’s American present. Keywords: Woody Guthrie; Spanish Civil War; Franco; folk music; McCarthyism; anti-communism
1952年,伍迪·格思里写了一系列谴责西班牙独裁者弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥的歌曲。这些歌曲从未出版或录制。本文基于对俄克拉何马州塔尔萨伍迪·格思里档案的研究,是对格思里反佛朗哥作品的首次研究,将它们置于格思里在麦卡锡主义压迫性政治文化中持久的反法西斯主义背景下。格思里的《反佛朗哥之歌》也被置于西班牙内战歌曲的更广泛的历史中,因为在西班牙第二共和国战败后,这些歌曲被美国左翼圈子采纳并延续了下来。在格思里患上致命的亨廷顿舞蹈症的同时,这些作品也是他对他所认为的将法西斯主义胚胎移植到美国的最后一次攻击的遗产,这是一个小而连贯的作品,将西班牙的过去与格思里的美国现在联系在一起。关键词:伍迪·格思里;西班牙内战;弗朗哥;民间音乐;麦卡锡主义;
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引用次数: 1
Under the Radar: Jess Walter's The Zero and the State of Irony and Satire after 9/11 在雷达下:杰斯·沃尔特的《零》和9/11后的反讽和讽刺状态
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-06-23 DOI: 10.28914/ATLANTIS-2017.39.1.133-152
Dolores Resano
This article explores a typically overlooked novel within the corpus of post-9/11 fiction, Jess Walter’s The Zero (2006), and puts forward some hypotheses for this under-examination. The article suggests that the various debates that arose in the aftermath of 9/11—the status of fiction after tragedy, the theses on the demise of irony and satire, the high expectations put on canonical authors to give meaning to the event, and standardized explorations of the figure of the terrorist Other—all served to construct readings for The Zero that fell within prescriptive approaches to post-9/11 fiction and thus missed its highly subversive potential. While recent academic output is starting to explore The Zero in innovative ways, early reception failed to examine it conceptually and formally, favoring as it did a trauma studies approach that resulted in a bland analysis of the novel’s focus on terrorist figures. This article offers a reading of The Zero through Mikhail Bakhtin’s theorization of satirical carnivalization, a practice that is especially suited to construct a dialogic, polyphonic and inquisitive narrative to not only question but dialogue with the post-9/11 United States. Keywords: post-9/11 fiction; irony; satire; counter-discourse; carnivalization; perpetrator fiction
本文探讨了后9/11小说语料库中一部通常被忽视的小说,杰斯·沃尔特的《零点》(2006),并提出了一些假设。文章指出,911事件后出现的各种争论——悲剧后小说的地位,关于反讽和讽刺消亡的论点,对经典作家赋予事件意义的高期望,以及对恐怖分子“他者”形象的标准化探索——所有这些都有助于构建《零》的阅读,这些阅读属于后911小说的规定性方法,因此错过了其高度颠覆性的潜力。虽然最近的学术成果开始以创新的方式探索《零点》,但早期的反响未能从概念上和形式上对其进行考察,而是倾向于采用创伤研究的方法,导致对小说对恐怖分子人物的关注进行了平淡无奇的分析。本文通过米哈伊尔·巴赫金的讽刺狂欢化理论来解读《零》,这种实践特别适合于构建一种对话、复调和好奇的叙事,不仅是对9/11后的美国提出质疑,而且是与之对话。关键词:后911小说;讽刺的;讽刺的;counter-discourse;它的;犯罪者小说
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引用次数: 1
Exorcising Personal Traumas / Silencing History: Jennifer Johnston's The Invisible Worm 驱除个人创伤/沉默的历史:詹妮弗·约翰斯顿的《看不见的蠕虫》
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-06-23 DOI: 10.28914/ATLANTIS-2017.39.1.173-188
Constanza del Río
Jennifer Johnston’s novel The Invisible Worm (1991) is an exemplary trauma narrative, both stylistically and thematically. It centres on the consciousness of its protagonist—Laura—and narrates her painful and protracted psychological process of coming to terms with a past marked by repeated sexual abuse by her father, which culminates in rape, and her mother’s consequent suicide. Yet The Invisible Worm is also a contemporary example of the Irish Big House novel, a genre that articulates the identitarian, historical and social plights of the Anglo-Irish. My intention in this article is to consider how the narrative’s evident interest in the personal dimension of Laura’s traumas works to obviate the socio-historical and political elements that have also contributed to the protagonist’s predicament. I will also analyse the different treatment afforded to the individual and the collective past: while the novel is explicit and optimistic in the case of Laura’s personal story, it remains reluctant to speak out about historical evils, with the result that, at the end of the novel, although freed from her personal traumas, Laura remains the prisoner of her historical legacy. Keywords: Trauma Studies; Irish history; the Irish Big House novel; Jennifer Johnston; The Invisible Worm
詹妮弗·约翰斯顿的小说《看不见的虫子》(1991)在风格和主题上都堪称创伤叙事的典范。它以主人公劳拉的意识为中心,讲述了她痛苦而漫长的心理过程,她接受了父亲反复性虐待的过去,最终以强奸告终,母亲随后自杀。然而,《看不见的虫子》也是当代爱尔兰大房子小说的一个例子,这种类型的小说清晰地表达了盎格鲁-爱尔兰人的身份认同、历史和社会困境。在这篇文章中,我的意图是考虑叙事对劳拉创伤的个人维度的明显兴趣如何消除社会历史和政治因素,这些因素也导致了主人公的困境。我还将分析对个人和集体过去的不同处理:虽然小说对劳拉的个人故事是明确和乐观的,但它仍然不愿意把历史的罪恶说出来,结果,在小说的最后,尽管劳拉从她的个人创伤中解脱出来,但她仍然是她历史遗产的囚犯。关键词:创伤研究;爱尔兰的历史;爱尔兰小说《大房子》;詹妮弗·约翰斯顿;看不见的虫子
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引用次数: 0
Daniel Morris. 2013. Lyric Encounters: Essays on American Poetry from Lazarus and Frost to Ortiz Cofer and Alexie. 丹尼尔·莫里斯,2013。抒情邂逅:从拉撒路和弗罗斯特到奥尔蒂斯·科弗和阿列克谢的美国诗歌论文集。
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-12-22 DOI: 10.5040/9781472543684
Antonio Jimenez-Munoz
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引用次数: 0
Searching for a “Different Kind of Freedom”: Postcoloniality and Postfeminist Subjecthood in Zadie Smith’s "NW" 寻找“另一种自由”:扎迪·史密斯“西北”中的后殖民主义与后女权主义主体性
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-12-22 DOI: 10.28914/ATLANTIS-2016.38.2.123-139
Lourdes López-Ropero
This paper attempts to open a new line of inquiry into Zadie Smith’s fourth novel NW (2012) by drawing attention to her investment in the contemporary feminine experience. I argue that by bringing women to center stage, NW marks a turning point in Smith’s fiction, while also bearing the hallmarks of the author’s previous work, namely her concern with Britain’s postcolonial legacy and issues of human connection. While Smith’s focus on self-monitoring educated women links the text to a postfeminist paradigm, the fact that these characters, and others, are of immigrant background locates the novel in the terrain of Britain’s postcolonial history and its multicultural present in twenty-first century London. My contention will be that far from adopting a celebratory approach to her postfeminist subjects as harbingers of social change, Smith points at the disabling aspects of this ideology, and the prevalence of racial and gender inequalities, problematizing individualistic notions of failure as self-responsibility. Keywords: postcolonialism; connectedness; postfeminism; female friendship; bildungsroman; impressionistic narrative
本文试图通过关注查蒂·史密斯对当代女性经验的投入,为她的第四部小说《西北》(2012)开辟一条新的探究之路。我认为,通过将女性置于舞台中心,《西北》标志着史密斯小说的一个转折点,同时也带有作者之前作品的特点,即她对英国后殖民遗产和人际关系问题的关注。虽然史密斯对自我监督的教育女性的关注将文本与后女权主义范式联系起来,但这些角色以及其他角色都是移民背景,这一事实将小说置于英国后殖民历史和21世纪伦敦多元文化的背景中。我的观点是,史密斯并没有将她的后女权主义主题视为社会变革的先驱者,而是指出了这种意识形态的残废方面,以及种族和性别不平等的盛行,将失败视为自我责任的个人主义观念问题化。关键词:postcolonialism;连通性;postfeminism;女性友谊;教育小说;给人深刻印象的故事
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引用次数: 5
“But What’s One More Murder?” Confronting the Holocaust in Philip Kerr’s Bernie Gunther Novels “但是再多一个谋杀又算什么呢?”菲利普·克尔的《伯尼·冈瑟小说》中的大屠杀
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-06-21 DOI: 10.28914/ATLANTIS-2016.38.1.89-107
A. Lake
Philip Kerr’s Bernie Gunther series of Nazi Germany-set historical crime novels use irony in the exploration of themes of complicity, guilt and redemption in relation to the Holocaust. The use of irony enables Kerr’s protagonist Bernie Gunther to confront and describe the Holocaust and establish his sense of selfhood as an anti-Nazi. However, it does not empower him to resist the Nazis actively. Bernie seeks to confront the Holocaust and describe his experiences as an unwilling Holocaust perpetrator when he led an SS police battalion at Minsk in 1941. Later, his feelings of guilt at his complicity with the Nazis in the Holocaust haunt him, and he seeks redemption by pursuing justice to solve conventional murders. The redemption that Bernie Gunther pursues is called into question in the ninth novel in the series, A Man Without Breath (2013), when the possibility of active resistance to the Nazis is revealed to him when he witnesses the Rosenstrasse Protests in Berlin in 1943. This revelation raises the questions of agency and choice, and forces an ordinary German like Bernie Gunther to confront the possibility that he might have actively opposed the Nazis, rather than allow himself to become their accomplice. Keywords: detective fiction; Holocaust; Philip Kerr; irony; guilt; redemption
菲利普·科尔(Philip Kerr)的伯尼·冈瑟(Bernie Gunther)系列以纳粹德国为背景的历史犯罪小说,用讽刺的手法探索了与大屠杀有关的共谋、内疚和救赎等主题。讽刺的运用使克尔的主人公伯尼·冈瑟能够面对和描述大屠杀,并建立起他作为反纳粹分子的自我意识。然而,这并没有赋予他积极抵抗纳粹的权力。伯尼试图直面大屠杀,并描述了他1941年在明斯克领导党卫军警察营时作为一名不情愿的大屠杀肇事者的经历。后来,他对自己在大屠杀中与纳粹同谋的负罪感困扰着他,他通过追求正义来解决传统谋杀来寻求救赎。伯尼·冈瑟追求的救赎在该系列小说的第九部《一个没有呼吸的人》(2013)中受到了质疑,1943年,当他目睹柏林罗森大街的抗议活动时,他发现了积极抵抗纳粹的可能性。这一启示提出了能动性和选择的问题,迫使像伯尼·冈瑟这样的普通德国人面对这样一种可能性:他本可以积极反对纳粹,而不是让自己成为他们的帮凶。关键词:侦探小说;大屠杀;菲利普科尔;讽刺的;内疚;救赎
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引用次数: 1
Facing Old Age and Searching for Regeneration in a Dying American West: Gregory Martin’s Mountain City 面对老年,在垂死的美国西部寻求重生:格里高利·马丁的山城
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2016-06-21 DOI: 10.28914/ATLANTIS-2016.38.1.149-164
David Río
Contemporary western American literature is increasingly departing from the traditional association between the West and youth in classical frontier mythology, showing an aging, gray and often ill West, as illustrated by authors such as Cormac McCarthy, Marilynne Robinson, Wallace Stegner and Ken Haruf, to name just a few examples. This perspective also plays a powerful role in Gregory Martin’s Mountain City (2000), an impressive memoir about a decaying Nevada mining town and its aging population. This article explores the interaction between living and aging in Martin’s book. It is often a continuous dialogical process of exchange and overlap where Martin revises western mythology centered on the youth trope and deconstructs negative images of old age and disease. Martin offers a realistic portrait of a fading western way of life. However, his emphasis on the vanishing condition of traditional western stereotypes turns out to be problematic. In fact, Martin’s bleak vision of the Old West and its broken promises coexists in Mountain City with his recognition of the pervasive quality of the archetypal western regenerative influence, as exemplified by the power of this declining community to heal the narrator’s placelessness and provide him with a sense of “homeplace” and a cultural identity. Keywords: American West; non-fiction; Gregory Martin; old age; place; identity; home
当代美国西部文学正逐渐脱离传统的西部与古典边疆神话中的青年之间的联系,呈现出一个衰老、灰色和经常生病的西部,如科马克·麦卡锡、玛丽莲·罗宾逊、华莱士·斯特格纳和肯·哈鲁夫等作家所描绘的那样,仅举几个例子。这种观点在格雷戈里·马丁的《山城》(2000)中也发挥了重要作用,这是一部令人印象深刻的回忆录,讲述了内华达州一个衰败的矿业小镇和人口老龄化的故事。本文探讨了马丁书中生活与衰老之间的相互作用。马丁对以青年比喻为中心的西方神话进行了修正,对老年和疾病的负面形象进行了解构,这往往是一个持续的对话和重叠过程。马丁描绘了一幅日渐衰落的西方生活方式的现实主义肖像。然而,他强调西方传统刻板印象的消失情况是有问题的。事实上,在《山城》中,马丁对旧西部的凄凉愿景及其破碎的承诺,与他对典型的西部再生影响的普遍品质的认识并存,正如这个衰落的社区治愈叙述者无处不在的力量所例证的那样,并为他提供了一种“家乡”感和文化认同感。关键词:美国西部;非小说类;格雷戈里·马丁;老年;的地方;的身份;首页
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引用次数: 1
Christopher S. Butler and Francisco Gonzálvez-García. 2014. Exploring Functional-Cognitive Space. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 克里斯托弗·巴特勒和弗朗西斯科Gonzálvez-García。2014. 探索功能认知空间。阿姆斯特丹:约翰·本杰明。
IF 0.4 3区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2015-12-18 DOI: 10.28914/ATLANTIS-2015.37.2.269-273
D. Velasco
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引用次数: 9
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Atlantis-Journal of the Spanish Association of Anglo-American Studies
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