Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09574042.2021.1973763
Francesca Sobande
Abstract From zine-making to creating independent publishing houses, throughout history, Black women have found routes that enable them to autonomously communicate their perspectives and share their Black feminist creative and campaigning work. The ascent of social media and online content-sharing platforms in recent decades has generated publishing avenues that are often deemed to be more democratic than traditional press and print pathways. The rich history of Black feminist publishing has led to present-day digital forms of ‘do it yourself (DIY)’ and ‘do it together (DIT)’ publishing, including the proliferation of first-person online essays and video blogs (vlogs). This paper maps parts of the legacy of Black feminist publishing in Britain and the broader Black press history that it is part of. There is an exploration of opportunities and challenges involved in Black women’s contemporary publishing via digital terrains, such as tensions between how independent Black feminist writing and cultural production can gain recognition online, yet, in ways that can result in the harassment of Black feminists and the fuelling of mainstream media activity which lacks a Black feminist position. Considering past and present examples of Black feminist publishing in Britain, this paper examines how and why such approaches have changed.
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Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09574042.2021.1973699
Bibia Pavard
Abstract In 1972 a new publishing house was created by an activist group of the Women’s Liberation Movement in Paris: ‘Psychoanalysis and Politics’ (Psychanalyse et politique). Following an anti-capitalist and anti-sexist agenda, the aim was to publish all that was ‘repressed by the bourgeois publishing houses’ with a specific focus on women. Funded by the support of a wealthy activist, the group had the opportunity to invent an original business model inspired by a political vision and without any pressure to sell. The publishing house had an important role in providing ‘feminine literature’ and women’s struggles to a large audience with the publication of 150 books between 1974 and 1979, as well as a newspaper and a magazine. However, it was also at the heart of various conflicts within the Women’s Liberation Movement, resulting in trials, tensions deriving from conflicting political views, difficult working relations and competition between publishing houses. More deeply, it revealed the power generated by the possibility of printing. The creation of a trademark and an association in 1979 by the women at the head of the Éditions des femmes, was the climax of the entanglements between activism, business and power. Drawing from archives of ‘Les Éditions des femmes’ and the wider French feminist movement, this article will highlight the many ways in which the feminist publishing business in 1970s France was profoundly political.
1972年,巴黎妇女解放运动的一个激进组织创建了一家新的出版社:“精神分析与政治”(Psychanalyse et politique)。在反资本主义和反性别歧视的议程之后,其目标是出版所有“被资产阶级出版社压制”的东西,并特别关注女性。在一位富有的活动家的支持下,该集团有机会在政治愿景的启发下发明一种原创的商业模式,而且没有任何出售的压力。这家出版社在向广大读者提供“女性文学”和女性斗争方面发挥了重要作用,在1974年至1979年间出版了150本书,以及一份报纸和杂志。然而,它也是妇女解放运动内部各种冲突的核心,导致审判,政治观点冲突引起的紧张局势,困难的工作关系和出版社之间的竞争。更深入地说,它揭示了印刷的可能性所产生的力量。1979年,领导Éditions des femmes的女性创建了一个商标和一个协会,这是激进主义、商业和权力之间纠缠的高潮。从“Les Éditions des femmes”和更广泛的法国女权主义运动的档案中,本文将重点介绍20世纪70年代法国女权主义出版业深刻的政治意义。
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Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09574042.2021.1974156
Margaret Jolly
Abstract This article explores a collaboration between Virago Press and the Body Shop (TBS) to shine a light on feminist and women’s business, what they have shared historically and how they could work together in late twentieth-century Britain. It uses as a lens the 1991 sale of a Body Shop book, Mamatoto: A Celebration of Birth, to Virago Press. The processes and outcome raise thorny questions: how can political commitments lead to business innovation? How can business support political aims? What kinds of deals can be done between divergent ‘activist’ businesses, and what kind of identification between feminist entrepreneurs supports such deals? Mamatoto, sold alongside a range of mother and baby toiletries of the same name, was important to Virago commercially at a time of economic precarity and expressed TBS’s growing interest in combining marketing with social justice campaigns. Yet the book’s representation of women in developing countries points to neo-colonial elements in the white, middle-class ‘mama market’ of the 1990s, a market which TBS especially cultivated but which contradicted the principles of the women’s movements Virago aimed to serve. The Mamatoto deal thus arguably involved political compromise, even if it was good business. Yet, the partnership also reflects the strategy and strengths of both Virago (established 1974) and TBS (1976) as enduring and iconic women-centred businesses. TBS simultaneously pioneered fair-trade initiatives and a ground-breaking practice of ‘social’ audit, while Virago was developing more inclusive, multi-cultural and transnational approaches to its work, including in a contemporaneous production of a cookbook with the development charity Oxfam. Understanding their struggles to align value chains and combine purpose and profit remains positive and instructive for would-be feminist entrepreneurs today.
本文探讨了Virago Press和the Body Shop (TBS)的合作,以揭示女权主义者和女性商业,他们在历史上有什么共同之处,以及他们如何在20世纪末的英国合作。它以1991年美体小铺(Body Shop)向维拉戈出版社(Virago Press)出售的一本书《Mamatoto:生日庆典》(a Celebration of Birth)为素材。过程和结果提出了棘手的问题:政治承诺如何带来商业创新?企业如何支持政治目标?在不同的“激进”企业之间可以达成什么样的交易,女权主义企业家之间又有什么样的认同支持这样的交易?Mamatoto与一系列同名母婴洗漱用品一起销售,在经济不稳定的时期对Virago的商业意义重大,并表达了TBS将营销与社会正义运动相结合的日益增长的兴趣。然而,这本书对发展中国家妇女的描述指出了20世纪90年代白人中产阶级“妈妈市场”中的新殖民主义因素,这是TBS特别培育的市场,但与维拉戈旨在服务的妇女运动的原则相矛盾。因此,收购马马托的交易可以说涉及政治妥协,即使这是一笔好生意。然而,这种合作关系也反映了Virago(成立于1974年)和TBS(1976年)作为持久和标志性的以女性为中心的企业的战略和优势。TBS同时开创了公平贸易倡议和突破性的“社会”审计实践,而Virago则在发展更具包容性、多元文化和跨国的工作方法,包括与发展慈善机构乐施会(Oxfam)同时制作了一本烹饪书。理解她们为调整价值链、将目标与利润结合起来所做的努力,对今天想要成为女权主义企业家的人来说,仍然是积极的、有益的。
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Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09574042.2021.1973698
Margaret Jolly
Abstract Introducing a special issue about the business aspects of feminist and women’s movement publishing, this article surveys the perennial tensions between cultural and political aims and the economic models necessary for sustainable operation. Addressing a range of beloved periodicals and book publishing ventures, including Spare Rib, Ms, Red Rag, Virago, Des Femmes, Honno, Sheba, Bogle L’Ouverture, Onlywomen Outwrite, The F-Word, The Vagenda, Feminist Frequency, Feministing, The Establishment, Crunk Feminist Collective and Cassava Republic Press, I identify a shared scene of hopeful activist enterprise within a complex ecology embracing the market, public funding, philanthropy as well as the feminist ‘gift economy’ of voluntary work and bartering. I argue that, where ventures failed, they nevertheless generally acted as socially responsible businesses, producing publications with a long tail of value which includes and exceeds the economic. I apply this lens to the case of Women: A Cultural Review itself, revealing its former incarnation as a feminist arts magazine Women’s Review, which ran from 1985 to 1987, and the way its meaning, purpose and value has been preserved under new ownership. This raises general questions about the business of academic publishing, university markets and the paradoxes of platforms which enable protest about the terms of their production.
{"title":"Purpose, Power and Profit in Feminist Publishing: An Introduction","authors":"Margaret Jolly","doi":"10.1080/09574042.2021.1973698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2021.1973698","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introducing a special issue about the business aspects of feminist and women’s movement publishing, this article surveys the perennial tensions between cultural and political aims and the economic models necessary for sustainable operation. Addressing a range of beloved periodicals and book publishing ventures, including Spare Rib, Ms, Red Rag, Virago, Des Femmes, Honno, Sheba, Bogle L’Ouverture, Onlywomen Outwrite, The F-Word, The Vagenda, Feminist Frequency, Feministing, The Establishment, Crunk Feminist Collective and Cassava Republic Press, I identify a shared scene of hopeful activist enterprise within a complex ecology embracing the market, public funding, philanthropy as well as the feminist ‘gift economy’ of voluntary work and bartering. I argue that, where ventures failed, they nevertheless generally acted as socially responsible businesses, producing publications with a long tail of value which includes and exceeds the economic. I apply this lens to the case of Women: A Cultural Review itself, revealing its former incarnation as a feminist arts magazine Women’s Review, which ran from 1985 to 1987, and the way its meaning, purpose and value has been preserved under new ownership. This raises general questions about the business of academic publishing, university markets and the paradoxes of platforms which enable protest about the terms of their production.","PeriodicalId":54053,"journal":{"name":"Women-A Cultural Review","volume":"5 1","pages":"227 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80862115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09574042.2021.1973735
G. Murphy
Abstract This article follows the story of Onlywomen Press as told from the archives they created, which are now available in the Women’s Library at LSE. Onlywomen Press was Britain’s first radical feminist lesbian printing and publishing company. Founded in 1974, the press had two aims: to publish lesbian women’s writing and to enable women to control the print production process itself. Being part of the women’s liberation movement meant not only recognizing their oppression but also opting out of the mechanisms that supported that oppression and creating new ways of working. This article will show that while their vision remained constant, it was extremely difficult to achieve and remain financially solvent.
{"title":"‘Balancing on a Razor’s Edge’: Running the Radical Feminist Lesbian Onlywomen Press","authors":"G. Murphy","doi":"10.1080/09574042.2021.1973735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2021.1973735","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article follows the story of Onlywomen Press as told from the archives they created, which are now available in the Women’s Library at LSE. Onlywomen Press was Britain’s first radical feminist lesbian printing and publishing company. Founded in 1974, the press had two aims: to publish lesbian women’s writing and to enable women to control the print production process itself. Being part of the women’s liberation movement meant not only recognizing their oppression but also opting out of the mechanisms that supported that oppression and creating new ways of working. This article will show that while their vision remained constant, it was extremely difficult to achieve and remain financially solvent.","PeriodicalId":54053,"journal":{"name":"Women-A Cultural Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"442 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87708389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09574042.2021.1972657
L. Delap
Abstract This article analyses the ‘business praxis’ of the feminist magazine Spare Rib, one of UK feminism’s most enduring cultural institutions. It discusses the diverse ways Spare Rib sustained itself financially (or not), with reference to the role of advertising, distribution, revenue and wages. I explore how Spare Rib developed ethical approaches to business through supporting other women-led business endeavours and attempting to balance profitability with accountability to its readership and the wider women’s movement. The provision of grant funding by the Greater London Council transformed Spare Rib’s fortunes in the early 1980s and demonstrates the ways in which the magazine operated in a market ecology comprising commercial, publicly funded and philanthropic elements. Tracing the history of radical political movements as enterprises and employers expands the existing field of business history and connects it to the history of social movements. The concept of ‘business praxis’, extending across public, private and philanthropic sectors, helps nuance simplistic talk of ‘the market’ or ‘enterprise culture’ in late twentieth-century Britain. It also expands social movement analysis, demonstrating that making money and creating employment were important though often controversial principles of radical activism.
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Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09574042.2021.1972656
G. Chester
Abstract This case study investigates how books and journals arising from a political movement can be repackaged and commodified for the benefit of a multinational corporation 1 . In Other Words was published in 1987 in Hutchinson Education's ‘Explorations in Feminism’ series, after Hutchinson took over the series from the publications collective of the Women's Research and Resources Centre (which later changed its name to the Feminist Library, which still exists today). By the time In Other Words sold out its print run in the mid-90s, the book had passed through five publishing houses, before coming to rest with Routledge. It was out of print until 2011, when Routledge contacted the editors to say they were reissuing In Other Words as a facsimile edition in hardback, paperback, and e-book. The book was based on papers produced for a conference on feminism and writing that was held in Edinburgh in 1983, organized by Gail Chester, the author of the present article, Sigrid Nielsen, who co-edited In Other Words with Gail, and Ellie Siegel, who would have been a co-editor had she not returned to the USA. There were 130 participants at the conference, and it was organized as part of the prevailing WLM collective ethic/practice, which was to bring feminist writers together to learn from and encourage each other. While focusing on Routledge's publishing policies, the article locates these within the policies of academic book and journal publishing more widely. It reflects on the market for printing and reprinting of feminist books and journals, and the conundrums of the interface between commercial publishing and radical political projects.
本案例研究探讨了政治运动产生的书籍和期刊如何被重新包装和商品化,以造福跨国公司。1987年,在哈钦森从妇女研究和资源中心(后来更名为女权主义图书馆,至今仍存在)的出版物集体手中接管该系列丛书后,《换句话说》发表在哈钦森教育的“女权主义探索”系列丛书中。到《换句话说》在90年代中期售罄的时候,这本书已经换了五家出版社,最后被劳特利奇出版社买下。这本书直到2011年才绝版,当时劳特利奇联系了编辑,说他们将以精装本、平装本和电子书的复制版重新发行《换句话说》。这本书是根据1983年在爱丁堡举行的一次关于女权主义和写作的会议上发表的论文写成的,这次会议是由盖尔·切斯特(Gail Chester,本文作者)、西格丽德·尼尔森(Sigrid Nielsen,与盖尔合编《in Other Words》)和艾莉·西格尔(Ellie Siegel,如果她没有回到美国的话,她将是《in Other Words》的共同编辑)组织的。有130人参加了这次会议,它是作为WLM普遍的集体伦理/实践的一部分组织起来的,这是为了把女权主义作家聚集在一起,互相学习和鼓励。在关注劳特利奇出版政策的同时,本文更广泛地将这些政策置于学术图书和期刊出版政策之中。它反映了女权主义书籍和期刊的印刷和再版市场,以及商业出版和激进政治项目之间的接口难题。
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Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09574042.2021.1973764
Eleanor Careless
An activist business, by definition, prioritizes values over profit, but the market must play some role—however small—in the running of any business. Davis’s comparative study of activist businesses in the US challenges the ‘widespread idea that the work of social movements and political dissent is by definition antithetical to all business and marketplace activity’ (4). In four chapters, each devoted to a different type of activist enterprise (Black-owned bookstores, head shops, feminist businesses and natural food stores), Davis shows how activist enterprises performed ‘political outreach’ and drew more people into their movements by offering free and safe spaces where marginalized groups could meet and political values were
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Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09574042.2021.1973732
Bibi Bakare-Yusuf, S. Dosekun
Abstract In this piece, Bibi Bakare-Yusuf, publisher of Cassava Republic Press based in Abuja (Nigeria) and London (UK), discusses with Simidele Dosekun her founding and continued visions for the press, how these translate into the daily management and operations of the business, and the opportunities and challenges publishing presents for feminist, Black and African political purposes, including transnationally. We also discuss what it means to run and brand a feminist business in a contemporary cultural climate in which feminism is said to be ‘popular’.
{"title":"Feminist Book Publishing Today","authors":"Bibi Bakare-Yusuf, S. Dosekun","doi":"10.1080/09574042.2021.1973732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2021.1973732","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this piece, Bibi Bakare-Yusuf, publisher of Cassava Republic Press based in Abuja (Nigeria) and London (UK), discusses with Simidele Dosekun her founding and continued visions for the press, how these translate into the daily management and operations of the business, and the opportunities and challenges publishing presents for feminist, Black and African political purposes, including transnationally. We also discuss what it means to run and brand a feminist business in a contemporary cultural climate in which feminism is said to be ‘popular’.","PeriodicalId":54053,"journal":{"name":"Women-A Cultural Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"434 - 441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79628534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09574042.2021.1973736
Polly Russell, Margaret Jolly
Abstract This article takes the form of an interview with Polly Russell, the Lead Curator for Contemporary Politics and Public Life in the Manuscripts and Archives department at the British Library 2015–20, who is also British Library partner to the Business of Women’s Words project, led by interviewer Margaretta Jolly. Russell discusses if and how archival practices capture radical business histories and how they could be developed to further connect and communicate them. This includes debates over enhancing collection records, privacy, law and reputation management, and links with professional and social movement networks. She points to the creative use of archival materials from Virago, Spare Rib and other feminist publishing businesses in a digital map, radio programmes, schools and professional training workshops, and a major public exhibition at The British Library. We conclude by considering the future of the radical business archive in an age of digital technology.
本文采用对波莉·罗素的采访形式,她是大英图书馆手稿与档案部2015-20年度当代政治与公共生活首席策展人,也是大英图书馆由采访者玛格蕾塔·乔利领导的“女性词汇商业”项目的合作伙伴。Russell讨论了档案实践是否以及如何捕捉激进的商业历史,以及如何开发它们以进一步连接和交流它们。这包括关于加强收集记录、隐私、法律和声誉管理以及与专业和社会运动网络的联系的辩论。她指出,在数字地图、广播节目、学校和专业培训研讨会以及大英图书馆(the British Library)的大型公共展览中,她们创造性地使用了来自Virago、Spare Rib和其他女权主义出版企业的档案材料。最后,我们考虑了在数字技术时代激进的商业档案的未来。
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