Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15678/ier.2022.0803.02
Fatemeh Gorji Zadeh
{"title":"Entrepreneurship and SMEs under COVID-19 crisis: A literature review","authors":"Fatemeh Gorji Zadeh","doi":"10.15678/ier.2022.0803.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/ier.2022.0803.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81033077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15678/ier.2022.0802.02
Magdalena Rosińska-Bukowska
{"title":"Evolution of corporate social responsibility standards and their implementation in the strategies of the most powerful corporations: Guidelines for the CSR 5.0 concept","authors":"Magdalena Rosińska-Bukowska","doi":"10.15678/ier.2022.0802.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/ier.2022.0802.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"17 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83497089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15678/ier.2022.0801.04
Friedrich L. Sell
{"title":"On the trail of the intangible: a theoretical and empirical investigation of innovations and patents in Germany in the years 2006-2019","authors":"Friedrich L. Sell","doi":"10.15678/ier.2022.0801.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15678/ier.2022.0801.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84480055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The processes of globalization and internationalization impose the need to change the traditional thinking and reorganize the strategic corporate governance. An important prerequisite for the strategic development of the modern organizations is the construction of flexible business network structures for intercompany interaction. In this regard, the purpose of the paper is to study the specifics of the business networks and on this basis to justify their role in the process of strategic corporate governance. In connection with the goal realization, the following tasks are solved in the article: presentation of the theoretical bases of the business network organizations; consideration of the development of the theory; identification of their main features; presentation of the network business structure as a system; argumentation of the importance of the business networks for the strategic company development.
{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS OF BUSINESS NETWORKS AND THEIR ROLE FOR STRATEGIC COMPANY DEVELOPMENT","authors":"A. Atanasova, Dilyana Yaneva","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v9i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v9i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The processes of globalization and internationalization impose the need to change the traditional thinking and reorganize the strategic corporate governance. An important prerequisite for the strategic development of the modern organizations is the construction of flexible business network structures for intercompany interaction. In this regard, the purpose of the paper is to study the specifics of the business networks and on this basis to justify their role in the process of strategic corporate governance. In connection with the goal realization, the following tasks are solved in the article: presentation of the theoretical bases of the business network organizations; consideration of the development of the theory; identification of their main features; presentation of the network business structure as a system; argumentation of the importance of the business networks for the strategic company development.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73279917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the current research, we aim to prove a significant influence of motivation on work outcomes. For doing so, we formulated various kinds of question, with the goal to examine employee motivation. We divided the motivational elements in to six modules for better understanding of the wholly process of motivating the staff. For examining the overall effectives of the motivation in the company at hand, we formulated a so-called match factor, which described the difference between the preferred and applied types of motivation and calculated it for each module separately. We examine its influence on propensity of staying in the company; psychological tension; pride from working in the company; engagement; satisfaction and initiative. The study was held in the form of a survey among N=423 administrative employees in a railway company in Bulgaria. Our results proved a significant influence by the match factor of the motivational modules on the work related outcomes. Hence, proving the influence of motivation on work outcomes.
{"title":"THE MISSMATCH BETWEEN PREFERED AND APPLIED FORMS OF MOTIVATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SOME WORK OUTCOMES","authors":"P. Ivanov","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v9i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v9i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"In the current research, we aim to prove a significant influence of motivation on work outcomes. For doing so, we formulated various kinds of question, with the goal to examine employee motivation. We divided the motivational elements in to six modules for better understanding of the wholly process of motivating the staff. For examining the overall effectives of the motivation in the company at hand, we formulated a so-called match factor, which described the difference between the preferred and applied types of motivation and calculated it for each module separately. We examine its influence on propensity of staying in the company; psychological tension; pride from working in the company; engagement; satisfaction and initiative. The study was held in the form of a survey among N=423 administrative employees in a railway company in Bulgaria. Our results proved a significant influence by the match factor of the motivational modules on the work related outcomes. Hence, proving the influence of motivation on work outcomes.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"1986 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90334144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Depending on the objective of assessing the competitiveness of wine-producers, different methods can be applied. Methods for assessing the competitiveness of enterprises in the wine sector may be based on one or several indicators, on one or several parameters. Тhe factors most influencing the competitiveness of wine producers are: terroir, quality and price of wines, productivity, financial stability, growth, innovation, production and marketing flexibility, corporate image, advertising, adaptability to the market, etc. Ranking wine producers based on their competitiveness is essential to properly assess and analyse the state and position of each at a particular point in time, judging the outcomes of past events on this basis and laying a good foundation for planning future efforts. The aim of the article is to study the methods and methodology for analysis and assessment of competitiveness of wine producing enterprises.
{"title":"METHODS AND METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF COMPETITIVENESS OF WINE PRODUCING ENTERPRISES","authors":"Vesela Serafimova","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v9i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v9i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Depending on the objective of assessing the competitiveness of wine-producers, different methods can be applied. Methods for assessing the competitiveness of enterprises in the wine sector may be based on one or several indicators, on one or several parameters. Тhe factors most influencing the competitiveness of wine producers are: terroir, quality and price of wines, productivity, financial stability, growth, innovation, production and marketing flexibility, corporate image, advertising, adaptability to the market, etc. Ranking wine producers based on their competitiveness is essential to properly assess and analyse the state and position of each at a particular point in time, judging the outcomes of past events on this basis and laying a good foundation for planning future efforts. The aim of the article is to study the methods and methodology for analysis and assessment of competitiveness of wine producing enterprises.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"314 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76279019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to explore and synthesize the academic entrepreneurship indicators that can be used by university institutions to understand their degree of development and maturities in supporting entrepreneurship processes. To this end, a systematic review is used to characterize the studies published in the last decade, the researchers who have led this research field, the adopted methodologies, and the structure and dimensions of indicators. The results allowed us to identify a set of 29 indicators distributed by 8 dimensions such as patents, university spinoffs, infrastructures, industry engagement, process creativity, process efficiency, process outcomes, and training. This study is innovative in focusing its analysis on academic entrepreneurship indicators. The knowledge of these indicators is relevant from a conceptual and practical perspective and will help universities to improve their technology transfer processes which will serve as a fundamental element in the implementation of the university's third mission.
{"title":"SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON ACADEMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDICATORS","authors":"F. Almeida","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v9i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v9i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore and synthesize the academic entrepreneurship indicators that can be used by university institutions to understand their degree of development and maturities in supporting entrepreneurship processes. To this end, a systematic review is used to characterize the studies published in the last decade, the researchers who have led this research field, the adopted methodologies, and the structure and dimensions of indicators. The results allowed us to identify a set of 29 indicators distributed by 8 dimensions such as patents, university spinoffs, infrastructures, industry engagement, process creativity, process efficiency, process outcomes, and training. This study is innovative in focusing its analysis on academic entrepreneurship indicators. The knowledge of these indicators is relevant from a conceptual and practical perspective and will help universities to improve their technology transfer processes which will serve as a fundamental element in the implementation of the university's third mission.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88628761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the markets of different products and services, the interests of both, companies and consumers collide. Companies that offer products and services expect a return on investment and higher profits. They can achieve these goals only if they have regular consumers, preferably loyal who will buy products and services more often or in larger quantities. The companies are interested in achieving long-term and sustainable relationships with the consumers and they want to minimize the churn and their switching to competitors. Consumers, on the other hand, have more sophisticated demands and expect more value for less money. They are interested not only in the quality of the product, but also in packaging, discounts, cashback, rewards, additional customer services, free shipping, maintenance, special treatments, reputation, etc. To meet these consumer expectations, companies offer many promotional activities, including loyalty programs. Loyalty programs, as part of the CRM (customer relationship management), are marketing programs that reward consumers for their repeated purchases over a longer period of time. Unlike other promotional tools, loyalty programs need to build a long-term relationship between companies and their consumers. But despite the offer of such programs, many studies show that consumers are not loyal and do not fully enjoy the benefits of the programs. Do companies give “something for nothing” and spend their money in vain? What are the reasons for the downfall of loyalty programs? This paper aims to investigate the reasons for consumer disloyalty despite the offered companies' loyalty programs. The paper will also provide guidance for companies to design loyalty programs that will attract more consumers.
{"title":"LOYALTY PROGRAMS: DO COMPANIES REALLY MAKE CONSUMERS LOYAL?","authors":"S. Dimitrieska, T. Efremova","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v9i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v9i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"In the markets of different products and services, the interests of both, companies and consumers collide. Companies that offer products and services expect a return on investment and higher profits. They can achieve these goals only if they have regular consumers, preferably loyal who will buy products and services more often or in larger quantities. The companies are interested in achieving long-term and sustainable relationships with the consumers and they want to minimize the churn and their switching to competitors. Consumers, on the other hand, have more sophisticated demands and expect more value for less money. They are interested not only in the quality of the product, but also in packaging, discounts, cashback, rewards, additional customer services, free shipping, maintenance, special treatments, reputation, etc. To meet these consumer expectations, companies offer many promotional activities, including loyalty programs. Loyalty programs, as part of the CRM (customer relationship management), are marketing programs that reward consumers for their repeated purchases over a longer period of time. Unlike other promotional tools, loyalty programs need to build a long-term relationship between companies and their consumers. But despite the offer of such programs, many studies show that consumers are not loyal and do not fully enjoy the benefits of the programs. Do companies give “something for nothing” and spend their money in vain? What are the reasons for the downfall of loyalty programs? This paper aims to investigate the reasons for consumer disloyalty despite the offered companies' loyalty programs. The paper will also provide guidance for companies to design loyalty programs that will attract more consumers.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80304893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses the main problems, challenges and peculiarities of monetary policy in Georgia. Analyzes the currency crisis caused by the covid-19 pandemic and outlines ways to overcome it. Presents a comparison of the Georgian lari with the most stable currency in the world over the last 100 years (against the dollar). At the end of the publication, given the current reality, some predictions and recommendations are presented. The paper also argues that in order to properly assess and manage currency risks, first of all, it is necessary to properly understand the essence of money, which even today, in the conditions of accelerated economic processes, is not clearly defined. In particular, whether money should be a tool for conducting monetary policy.
{"title":"COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND CURRENCY RISK ANALYSIS IN GEORGIA","authors":"Gia Zoidze, G. Abuselidze","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v9i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v9i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the main problems, challenges and peculiarities of monetary policy in Georgia. Analyzes the currency crisis caused by the covid-19 pandemic and outlines ways to overcome it. Presents a comparison of the Georgian lari with the most stable currency in the world over the last 100 years (against the dollar). At the end of the publication, given the current reality, some predictions and recommendations are presented. The paper also argues that in order to properly assess and manage currency risks, first of all, it is necessary to properly understand the essence of money, which even today, in the conditions of accelerated economic processes, is not clearly defined. In particular, whether money should be a tool for conducting monetary policy.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74991143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the theory, there are different paradigms that determine the nature of the corporate image, as well as the processes of its building, enforcement and management. Corporate image is one of the important factors for improving the competitiveness of enterprises. The structure of the corporate image is generally made up of the internal and the external image of the organization. The aim of the article is to study and analyze the corporate image of Bulgarian wine producers (in the top 20 according to the ranking of DiVino.bg) as a factor in increasing competitiveness.
{"title":"THE CORPORATE IMAGE OF WINE PRODUCERS IN BULGARIA AS A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE","authors":"Vesela Serafimova","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v9i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v9i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"In the theory, there are different paradigms that determine the nature of the corporate image, as well as the processes of its building, enforcement and management. Corporate image is one of the important factors for improving the competitiveness of enterprises. The structure of the corporate image is generally made up of the internal and the external image of the organization. The aim of the article is to study and analyze the corporate image of Bulgarian wine producers (in the top 20 according to the ranking of DiVino.bg) as a factor in increasing competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86218711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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