Better financing, financial management, and information intermediary services are the main objectives of Internet finance. Several aspects of the internet, including payments, cloud computing, social networking, and search engines, are the foundation of this new financial paradigm. It is a newly created financial service with qualities taken from conventional financial services, such as more operational convenience, greater involvement, better collaboration, and increased transparency. Internet finance links the financial industry to the fundamental principles of the Internet, such as decentralization, openness, equality, competitiveness, and competition. The primary distinction between Internet finance and traditional finance lies not only in the many channels each financial organization has employed in its development, but also in the participants' thorough knowledge of the underlying principles of internet cooperation and expansion.
{"title":"INTERNET FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT","authors":"Maria Koutsari","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v10i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v10i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Better financing, financial management, and information intermediary services are the main objectives of Internet finance. Several aspects of the internet, including payments, cloud computing, social networking, and search engines, are the foundation of this new financial paradigm. It is a newly created financial service with qualities taken from conventional financial services, such as more operational convenience, greater involvement, better collaboration, and increased transparency. Internet finance links the financial industry to the fundamental principles of the Internet, such as decentralization, openness, equality, competitiveness, and competition. The primary distinction between Internet finance and traditional finance lies not only in the many channels each financial organization has employed in its development, but also in the participants' thorough knowledge of the underlying principles of internet cooperation and expansion.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83066494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through years many theories, definitions and classifications about leadership have been developed and can be found in the contemporary literature. Despite the fact that volumes of writings about leadership exist in global literature still it is considered a debated subject since the leadership content remain inconsistent and unclear. In addition, researchers in an effort to define and classify leadership have concluded that it is a complex, flexible and multidimensional phenomenon which requires plenty light to be shed on it. The most prominent theories that emerged during 20th century and will be analysed in chronological order constitute of the Great Man theory, Trait theory, Contingency and Behavioral theory. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the wider context of leadership and its effectiveness towards improving, through organizational changes, the public sector in times of crisis. It can be considered as an additional conceptual approach to the existing literature.
{"title":"LEADERSHIP THEORIES REVIEW","authors":"Victoria Gentsoudi","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v10i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v10i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Through years many theories, definitions and classifications about leadership have been developed and can be found in the contemporary literature. Despite the fact that volumes of writings about leadership exist in global literature still it is considered a debated subject since the leadership content remain inconsistent and unclear. In addition, researchers in an effort to define and classify leadership have concluded that it is a complex, flexible and multidimensional phenomenon which requires plenty light to be shed on it. The most prominent theories that emerged during 20th century and will be analysed in chronological order constitute of the Great Man theory, Trait theory, Contingency and Behavioral theory. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the wider context of leadership and its effectiveness towards improving, through organizational changes, the public sector in times of crisis. It can be considered as an additional conceptual approach to the existing literature.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83520261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital revolution and innovations are the modern phenomena pharmaceutical industry should take advantage of. The prevention of diseases will also facilitate the progress of the sector. This publication examines the key factors influencing pharmaceutical industry behavior and bears the potential to drastically change the sector in the upcoming years. The forthcoming challenges and changes appearing on the horizon require careful and precise consideration of new kinds of markets, alternative business models or even a complete change in the way pharmaceutical companies operate. The future of the industry is defined by the introduction of various technologies that are currently changing and will continue to change all aspects of the industry – production of pharmaceuticals, supply chain, clinical trials, etc. The leading tendencies in the advancement of the pharmaceutical sector in 2019-2021 are also analyzed with a focus on new technologies and digitalization. Different trends have changed the sector inevitably having both short-term and long-term impact.
{"title":"TECHNOLOGICAL FUTURE OF PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY– DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES","authors":"Vladimir Boychev","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v10i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v10i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Digital revolution and innovations are the modern phenomena pharmaceutical industry should take advantage of. The prevention of diseases will also facilitate the progress of the sector. This publication examines the key factors influencing pharmaceutical industry behavior and bears the potential to drastically change the sector in the upcoming years. The forthcoming challenges and changes appearing on the horizon require careful and precise consideration of new kinds of markets, alternative business models or even a complete change in the way pharmaceutical companies operate. The future of the industry is defined by the introduction of various technologies that are currently changing and will continue to change all aspects of the industry – production of pharmaceuticals, supply chain, clinical trials, etc. The leading tendencies in the advancement of the pharmaceutical sector in 2019-2021 are also analyzed with a focus on new technologies and digitalization. Different trends have changed the sector inevitably having both short-term and long-term impact.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82428077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the article is to assess the competitiveness of pharmaceutical manufacturers. The assessment was carried out for six producers in Bulgaria with largest volume of production. The assessment is based on a model, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative indicators of manufacturers. The answers of 52 respondents from a survey were used to determine the quality indicators of the model. The results of assessment identify quality indicators as leading to manufacturer competitiveness. The competitiveness of the product (ratio of product quality to price) has the greatest weight in assessment the manufacturer competitiveness. The quantitative indicators of the individual producers have similar values and therefore have little effect on the assessment of their competitiveness. The state participates in the assessment of the competitiveness of pharmaceutical manufacturers by determining of pharmaceutical products that price is paid partially by a competent authority.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS’ COMPETITIVENESS","authors":"M. Filipova, Yulia Nedelcheva","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v10i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v10i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to assess the competitiveness of pharmaceutical manufacturers. The assessment was carried out for six producers in Bulgaria with largest volume of production. The assessment is based on a model, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative indicators of manufacturers. The answers of 52 respondents from a survey were used to determine the quality indicators of the model. The results of assessment identify quality indicators as leading to manufacturer competitiveness. The competitiveness of the product (ratio of product quality to price) has the greatest weight in assessment the manufacturer competitiveness. The quantitative indicators of the individual producers have similar values and therefore have little effect on the assessment of their competitiveness. The state participates in the assessment of the competitiveness of pharmaceutical manufacturers by determining of pharmaceutical products that price is paid partially by a competent authority.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74885081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-15DOI: 10.37708//ep.swu.v10i1.2
S. Dimitrieska, T. Efremova
Honey and bee products are one of the most popular foods in the world which also have significant health benefits. They have been known for centuries and have been used for various purposes. However, despite their benefits, people in Macedonia do not consume honey or bee products in sufficient quantities. The biggest obstacles for not using honey and bee products is the lack of information about the advantages of this important food, the high price, the unavailability of quality honey, but also the small or no promotion of these products. The purpose of this paper is to examine the problems, especially with the promotion of honey and bee products and to propose certain solutions. To achieve this goal, the research was conducted using a questionnaire that was submitted online to a large number of consumers
{"title":"PROBLEMS IN THE PROMOTION OF HONEY AND BEE PRODUCTS","authors":"S. Dimitrieska, T. Efremova","doi":"10.37708//ep.swu.v10i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708//ep.swu.v10i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Honey and bee products are one of the most popular foods in the world which also have significant health benefits. They have been known for centuries and have been used for various purposes. However, despite their benefits, people in Macedonia do not consume honey or bee products in sufficient quantities. The biggest obstacles for not using honey and bee products is the lack of information about the advantages of this important food, the high price, the unavailability of quality honey, but also the small or no promotion of these products. The purpose of this paper is to examine the problems, especially with the promotion of honey and bee products and to propose certain solutions. To achieve this goal, the research was conducted using a questionnaire that was submitted online to a large number of consumers","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90851159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is going to present a review of the most influential and mainstream theories about leadership, which are of significant meaning for a successful manager. The author will focus on some leadership theories by giving a more detailed image of the characteristics and attributes that an effective manager should have. The principal message of this article is that it is important to reflect the type of leader that a manager wants to be so that he remains loyal to his principles. In conclusion, the author leads to the fact that the traditional theories of leadership have not provided a completely satisfactory framework for leadership effectiveness. The modern theory emphasizes the image of an effective manager as an organizational reality.
{"title":"A REVIEW OF TRADITIONAL APPROACHES OF STUDYING LEADERSHIP STYLES","authors":"Konstantinos Goulas","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v10i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v10i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This article is going to present a review of the most influential and mainstream theories about leadership, which are of significant meaning for a successful manager. The author will focus on some leadership theories by giving a more detailed image of the characteristics and attributes that an effective manager should have. The principal message of this article is that it is important to reflect the type of leader that a manager wants to be so that he remains loyal to his principles. In conclusion, the author leads to the fact that the traditional theories of leadership have not provided a completely satisfactory framework for leadership effectiveness. The modern theory emphasizes the image of an effective manager as an organizational reality.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90694969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the study is to determine the competitiveness of pharmaceutical manufacturers in Bulgaria in unique environment of COVID-19 pandemic. The focus of the study is to fix the main factors that determine competitiveness. Achieving this purpose will form a better understanding of functioning of the pharmaceutical industry, as well as the possibility to take corrective action through recommendations and identify untapped opportunities to increase competitiveness. The results of the study determine two main factors for the competitiveness of pharmaceutical manufacturers – the quality and the price of pharmaceutical products. The leading place of quality as factor defines the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products mainly as part of healthcare system and at next place – as part of the economy. The conclusions reached are crucial in defining the purpose of pharmaceutical policy for safe, effective and affordable pharmaceutical products.
{"title":"COMPETITIVENESS FACTORS OF PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURER","authors":"M. Filipova, Yulia Nedelcheva","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v10i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v10i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to determine the competitiveness of pharmaceutical manufacturers in Bulgaria in unique environment of COVID-19 pandemic. The focus of the study is to fix the main factors that determine competitiveness. Achieving this purpose will form a better understanding of functioning of the pharmaceutical industry, as well as the possibility to take corrective action through recommendations and identify untapped opportunities to increase competitiveness. The results of the study determine two main factors for the competitiveness of pharmaceutical manufacturers – the quality and the price of pharmaceutical products. The leading place of quality as factor defines the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products mainly as part of healthcare system and at next place – as part of the economy. The conclusions reached are crucial in defining the purpose of pharmaceutical policy for safe, effective and affordable pharmaceutical products.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76524651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At the end of 2019, humanity was facing one of the most serious challenges that had a negative impact on the entire world economy. The new coronavirus (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is appearance led to widespread fear, which in turn affected everyone's daily life. As if the international community was suddenly paralyzed, life began to move at a slow pace and people wondered if they too would be affected by a disaster called the coronavirus. The current study aims to analyze the changes and provocations that occurred with the onset of the pandemic. The results show that there are significant gaps in the country's health information systems and that the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has had serious consequences for the country's health, social security and economic growth. The main research methods used in the development are analysis, method of analysis and synthesis, intuitive and systematic approach.
{"title":"CHALLENGES TO THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN BULGARIA AFTER THE OCCURRENCE OF THE CORONAVIRUS","authors":"Viktoriya Todorova","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v10i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v10i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"At the end of 2019, humanity was facing one of the most serious challenges that had a negative impact on the entire world economy. The new coronavirus (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is appearance led to widespread fear, which in turn affected everyone's daily life. As if the international community was suddenly paralyzed, life began to move at a slow pace and people wondered if they too would be affected by a disaster called the coronavirus. The current study aims to analyze the changes and provocations that occurred with the onset of the pandemic. The results show that there are significant gaps in the country's health information systems and that the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has had serious consequences for the country's health, social security and economic growth. The main research methods used in the development are analysis, method of analysis and synthesis, intuitive and systematic approach.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85835912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the modern world the social responsibility of business to society becomes more and more relevant. The world trends of socio-economic development demonstrate that businesses need to implement the provisions of social responsibility at the corporate level. This article considers the general architecture of corporate social responsibility strategies (CSRS) of enterprises and their impact on the state of economic security of business. The study focuses on the development of a quality system of economic security of enterprises using CSRS.
{"title":"GLOBAL SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS AS A PART OF ORGANIZATION OF ITS ECONOMIC SECURITY","authors":"Y. Voronyuk","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v10i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v10i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern world the social responsibility of business to society becomes more and more relevant. The world trends of socio-economic development demonstrate that businesses need to implement the provisions of social responsibility at the corporate level. This article considers the general architecture of corporate social responsibility strategies (CSRS) of enterprises and their impact on the state of economic security of business. The study focuses on the development of a quality system of economic security of enterprises using CSRS.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82681772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present article examines the essence of digital transformation and the opportunities and changes associated with the application of technologies in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME’s). An overview is provided to the existing digital tools and technology, like social, mobile, big data, analytics and cloud, that SMEs are adopting in the process of transforming their business operations. The paper explores the building blocks of a digital transformation journey and overlooks the planning and implantation stages of digital technology. A literature review was carried out to gain more extensive understanding of the essence of digital transformation and its impact on SMEs. In fact, the article pays special attention to the digital transformation process in SMEs.
{"title":"THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES","authors":"Anita Kyurova","doi":"10.37708/ep.swu.v10i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v10i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The present article examines the essence of digital transformation and the opportunities\u0000and changes associated with the application of technologies in small and medium-sized\u0000enterprises (SME’s). An overview is provided to the existing digital tools and technology, like social, mobile, big data, analytics and cloud, that SMEs are adopting in the process of\u0000transforming their business operations. The paper explores the building blocks of a digital\u0000transformation journey and overlooks the planning and implantation stages of digital\u0000technology. A literature review was carried out to gain more extensive understanding of the essence of digital transformation and its impact on SMEs. In fact, the article pays special attention to the digital transformation process in SMEs.","PeriodicalId":54132,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Entrepreneurship","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81119336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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