Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.24028/gj.v45i1.275126
V. Starostenko, T. Janik, W. Czuba, P. Środa, A. Murovskaya, T. Yegorova, A. Verpakhovska, K. Kolomiyets, D. Lysynchuk, D. Wójcik, V. Omelchenko, T. Amashukeli, O. Legostaeva, D. Gryn, S. Chulkov
The wide-angle reflection and refraction (WARR) SHIELD’21 profile carried out in 2021 crosses from SW to NE the main tectonic of Ukraine. The SHIELD’21 targeted the structure of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle of the southwestern margin of the East European Craton with overlying Neogene Carpathian Foredeep and Vendian-Paleozoic Volyn-Podolian Monocline, Archaean and Paleoproterozoic segments of Ukrainian Shield and Late Paleozoic Dnieper-Donets Basin. The ~650 km long profile is an extension of realized in 2014 RomUkrSeis line in Romania and Ukraine from Apuseni Mountains to southwestern Ukrainian Shield. The field work performed in 2021, included the deployment of autonomous seismic stations and drilling-explosive works. A total of 264 seismic receivers were deployed (160 DATA-CUBE and 104 TEXAN stations) with the average spacing between the observation points about 2.65 km. The sampling interval for all stations was 0.01 s. Seismic energy was generated by 10 shot points with ~50 km of distance between them and total charge in all wells 5775 kg. The SHIELD’21 experiment using TEXAN and DATA-CUBE short-period seismic stations provided high-quality seismic records. The main recorded seismic waves are the refractions of P- and S-waves in sediments, basement, crust and upper-most mantle, and reflections from crustal boundaries, Moho interface and boundaries in the uppermost mantle. Correlation of travel time arrivals of seismic waves provides calculation of the velocity model for both P- and S-waves. The main objective of the SHIELD’21 project is to get new seismic data that increase our knowledge on the lithosphere structure as well as geodynamics of the oil-and-gas-bearing and ore regions of Ukraine.
{"title":"The SHIELD’21 deep seismic experiment","authors":"V. Starostenko, T. Janik, W. Czuba, P. Środa, A. Murovskaya, T. Yegorova, A. Verpakhovska, K. Kolomiyets, D. Lysynchuk, D. Wójcik, V. Omelchenko, T. Amashukeli, O. Legostaeva, D. Gryn, S. Chulkov","doi":"10.24028/gj.v45i1.275126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v45i1.275126","url":null,"abstract":"The wide-angle reflection and refraction (WARR) SHIELD’21 profile carried out in 2021 crosses from SW to NE the main tectonic of Ukraine. The SHIELD’21 targeted the structure of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle of the southwestern margin of the East European Craton with overlying Neogene Carpathian Foredeep and Vendian-Paleozoic Volyn-Podolian Monocline, Archaean and Paleoproterozoic segments of Ukrainian Shield and Late Paleozoic Dnieper-Donets Basin. The ~650 km long profile is an extension of realized in 2014 RomUkrSeis line in Romania and Ukraine from Apuseni Mountains to southwestern Ukrainian Shield. The field work performed in 2021, included the deployment of autonomous seismic stations and drilling-explosive works. A total of 264 seismic receivers were deployed (160 DATA-CUBE and 104 TEXAN stations) with the average spacing between the observation points about 2.65 km. The sampling interval for all stations was 0.01 s. Seismic energy was generated by 10 shot points with ~50 km of distance between them and total charge in all wells 5775 kg. The SHIELD’21 experiment using TEXAN and DATA-CUBE short-period seismic stations provided high-quality seismic records. The main recorded seismic waves are the refractions of P- and S-waves in sediments, basement, crust and upper-most mantle, and reflections from crustal boundaries, Moho interface and boundaries in the uppermost mantle. Correlation of travel time arrivals of seismic waves provides calculation of the velocity model for both P- and S-waves. The main objective of the SHIELD’21 project is to get new seismic data that increase our knowledge on the lithosphere structure as well as geodynamics of the oil-and-gas-bearing and ore regions of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46118864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.24028/gj.v45i1.275184
G. Yetirmishli, S. Kazimova, I. Kazimov
Hydrocarbon deposits of the Republic of Azerbaijan are located in the South-Caspian oil and gas basin, on the territory of the Absheron Peninsula and the adjacent waters of the Caspian Sea. There are more than 80 oil and gas fields here. For this purpose, this article presents the geological structure of the South Caspian Depression, as well as the Apsheron-Pribalkhansk zone. Conducted analysis of oil and gas reserves and modern seismicity of the Caspian Sea. Increase in recoverable oil reserves, stabilization of mining at this stage — the task number is one for the oil field. It has been established that in recent years the level of seismic activity in certain areas of the Caspian Sea has risen, and the amount of seismic energy released in the Central Caspian Sea has increased by several dozen times. Distribution of density of epicenters in the whole alpine part of the region carries a weakly expressed wave character, which is represented by an alternation of differentiated zones of elevated and lowered concentration of epicenters. Zones have a predominantly north-western, submeridional and subshirot space. To determine the regularity of the distribution of hypocenter centers in the region, a diagram of the dependence of the number of earthquakes on the depths was built. In the waters of the Caspian Sea, 90 % of the hypocenters are located at a depth of more than 35 km. Together with them meet and close surface earthquakes. It was assumed that the change in the flow of oil in many seabed areas of the northern part of the Absheron-Balkhan storage system is associated with strong (ml>3.0) earthquakes of characteristic type. Besides, there was a schematic model, which characterizes the formation of oil and gas fields in the structures, caused by the stress on the local area. The formation of the zone of localization of oil is associated with the accumulation of stresses in the local geodynamic fields and the formation of cracked media, although in such areas there is a gap, the probability of migration of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons. On the basis of the above, it is possible to assume that there is a definite regularity between the oil and gas fields and seismicity in one and the same interval.
{"title":"Oil and gas potential and modern seismicity of the Azerbaijan sector of the Caspian Sea","authors":"G. Yetirmishli, S. Kazimova, I. Kazimov","doi":"10.24028/gj.v45i1.275184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v45i1.275184","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrocarbon deposits of the Republic of Azerbaijan are located in the South-Caspian oil and gas basin, on the territory of the Absheron Peninsula and the adjacent waters of the Caspian Sea. There are more than 80 oil and gas fields here. For this purpose, this article presents the geological structure of the South Caspian Depression, as well as the Apsheron-Pribalkhansk zone. Conducted analysis of oil and gas reserves and modern seismicity of the Caspian Sea. Increase in recoverable oil reserves, stabilization of mining at this stage — the task number is one for the oil field. It has been established that in recent years the level of seismic activity in certain areas of the Caspian Sea has risen, and the amount of seismic energy released in the Central Caspian Sea has increased by several dozen times. Distribution of density of epicenters in the whole alpine part of the region carries a weakly expressed wave character, which is represented by an alternation of differentiated zones of elevated and lowered concentration of epicenters. Zones have a predominantly north-western, submeridional and subshirot space. To determine the regularity of the distribution of hypocenter centers in the region, a diagram of the dependence of the number of earthquakes on the depths was built. In the waters of the Caspian Sea, 90 % of the hypocenters are located at a depth of more than 35 km. Together with them meet and close surface earthquakes. It was assumed that the change in the flow of oil in many seabed areas of the northern part of the Absheron-Balkhan storage system is associated with strong (ml>3.0) earthquakes of characteristic type. Besides, there was a schematic model, which characterizes the formation of oil and gas fields in the structures, caused by the stress on the local area. The formation of the zone of localization of oil is associated with the accumulation of stresses in the local geodynamic fields and the formation of cracked media, although in such areas there is a gap, the probability of migration of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons. On the basis of the above, it is possible to assume that there is a definite regularity between the oil and gas fields and seismicity in one and the same interval.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48908386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.24028/gj.v45i1.275180
K.R. Tretyak, D.V. Kukhtar
The vertical movements of the Earth’s surface affected by non-tidal atmospheric loading (NTAL) are analyzed using satellite radar interferometry data. A clear relationship between deformation maps data derived from radar interferometry data and the GNSS time series of permanent stations has been established. The object of the study was the areas around the GNSS stations BYCH (Buchach), GORD (Horodok), CRNT (Chernivtsi). The input data were four pairs of radar interferometric images for the specified areas.Radar satellite images were obtained from the Sentinel-1A spacecraft. Data type — SLC (Single Look Complex) with vertical polarization. Acquisition mode — wideband interferometric IW (Interferometric Wide Swath). Data were processed using SNAP (Sentinel Application Platform) software. The processing yileded maps of vertical displacement of the specified territories where the earth’s surface displacement caused by influence of non-tidal atmospheric loading had taken place. The values obtained on the basis of vertical displacement maps have a high agreement with the results of time series of changes in the altitude position of permanent GNSS stations. The results obtained in the article are of both scientific and practical importance for studying the impact of non-tidal atmospheric loading in large areas. The practical significance is in improving the accuracy of terrestrial geodetic measurements’ processing, in particular high-precision levelling. The research data allow to make corrections of the results of levelling for short-period displacements affected by the influence of non-tidal atmospheric loading (NTAL).
{"title":"Application of Sntinel-1 radar interferometric images for the monitoring of vertical displacements of the earth’s surface affected by non-tidal atmospheric loading","authors":"K.R. Tretyak, D.V. Kukhtar","doi":"10.24028/gj.v45i1.275180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v45i1.275180","url":null,"abstract":"The vertical movements of the Earth’s surface affected by non-tidal atmospheric loading (NTAL) are analyzed using satellite radar interferometry data. A clear relationship between deformation maps data derived from radar interferometry data and the GNSS time series of permanent stations has been established. The object of the study was the areas around the GNSS stations BYCH (Buchach), GORD (Horodok), CRNT (Chernivtsi). The input data were four pairs of radar interferometric images for the specified areas.Radar satellite images were obtained from the Sentinel-1A spacecraft. Data type — SLC (Single Look Complex) with vertical polarization. Acquisition mode — wideband interferometric IW (Interferometric Wide Swath). Data were processed using SNAP (Sentinel Application Platform) software. The processing yileded maps of vertical displacement of the specified territories where the earth’s surface displacement caused by influence of non-tidal atmospheric loading had taken place. The values obtained on the basis of vertical displacement maps have a high agreement with the results of time series of changes in the altitude position of permanent GNSS stations. The results obtained in the article are of both scientific and practical importance for studying the impact of non-tidal atmospheric loading in large areas. The practical significance is in improving the accuracy of terrestrial geodetic measurements’ processing, in particular high-precision levelling. The research data allow to make corrections of the results of levelling for short-period displacements affected by the influence of non-tidal atmospheric loading (NTAL).","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136174220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.24028/gj.v45i1.275130
A. Lukin, I. Koliabina, V. Shestopalov, A. Rud
This work considers the possibility of native aluminum transport with hydrogen fluid, its deposition and preservation in sedimentary rocks, as well as an assessment of the conditions under which this is possible. This problem is currently debatable and is considered in a number of publications. Native aluminum was found in different types of sedimentary rocks of oil-and-gas-bearing basins. So the presence of native aluminum spherulas was established in the dolomites of the Dnipro-Donetsk Basin. By the example of these findings this work shows that the necessary conditions for the formation and long-term preservation of native aluminum are: its migration with the hydrogen flow into the upper layers of the Earth’s crust, the creation of temperature and pressure conditions causing water to vaporize, and the formation of a protective film on the surface of the formed native aluminum. The process of native aluminum formation in the sedimentary rocks of oil-and-gas-bearing deposits of the Dnipro-Donetsk Rift described in this work, as well as its findings in other basins indicates the typical character of this process for rift structures of hydrocarbon accumulation. It was assumed, that the oil-and-gas-bearing structure of Dnipro-Donetsk Rift is mantle origin and represents a giant source of deep hydrogen. Some of this hydrogen is consumed to form hydrocarbon accumulations, including known oil and gas deposits, and some of it degasses into the uppermost layers of the Earth’s crust. Independent hydrogen fields can also form there, as was the case during the formation of the deposit of geological hydrogen in Mali. It was shown, that the presence of hydrocarbons in the fluids does not affect the processes associated with aluminum. The results obtained indicate significant flows of hydrogen from the mantle to the upper horizons of the Earth’s crust. Thus, native aluminum, as well as other native oxyphilic metals in sedimentary rocks of oil-and-gas bearing basins is a search marker of both hydrocarbon accumulations and the important role of deep geological hydrogen in the formation of these accumulations and its possible accumulation in the most reliable traps.
{"title":"Native aluminum as indicator of hydrogen degassing in the formation of hydrocarbon fields","authors":"A. Lukin, I. Koliabina, V. Shestopalov, A. Rud","doi":"10.24028/gj.v45i1.275130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v45i1.275130","url":null,"abstract":"This work considers the possibility of native aluminum transport with hydrogen fluid, its deposition and preservation in sedimentary rocks, as well as an assessment of the conditions under which this is possible. This problem is currently debatable and is considered in a number of publications. Native aluminum was found in different types of sedimentary rocks of oil-and-gas-bearing basins. So the presence of native aluminum spherulas was established in the dolomites of the Dnipro-Donetsk Basin. By the example of these findings this work shows that the necessary conditions for the formation and long-term preservation of native aluminum are: its migration with the hydrogen flow into the upper layers of the Earth’s crust, the creation of temperature and pressure conditions causing water to vaporize, and the formation of a protective film on the surface of the formed native aluminum. The process of native aluminum formation in the sedimentary rocks of oil-and-gas-bearing deposits of the Dnipro-Donetsk Rift described in this work, as well as its findings in other basins indicates the typical character of this process for rift structures of hydrocarbon accumulation. It was assumed, that the oil-and-gas-bearing structure of Dnipro-Donetsk Rift is mantle origin and represents a giant source of deep hydrogen. Some of this hydrogen is consumed to form hydrocarbon accumulations, including known oil and gas deposits, and some of it degasses into the uppermost layers of the Earth’s crust. Independent hydrogen fields can also form there, as was the case during the formation of the deposit of geological hydrogen in Mali. It was shown, that the presence of hydrocarbons in the fluids does not affect the processes associated with aluminum. The results obtained indicate significant flows of hydrogen from the mantle to the upper horizons of the Earth’s crust. Thus, native aluminum, as well as other native oxyphilic metals in sedimentary rocks of oil-and-gas bearing basins is a search marker of both hydrocarbon accumulations and the important role of deep geological hydrogen in the formation of these accumulations and its possible accumulation in the most reliable traps.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45459306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.24028/gj.v44i6.273638
V. Bakhmutov, I. Poliachenko, S. Cherkes, D. Hlavatskyi
We present new results of palaeomagnetic studies of the Vendian (Ediacaran) rocks of the Volyn Basalt Province revealed by six boreholes on the NW Ukraine. This is a continuation of previous studies of upper part of the Volyn series described by Bakhmutov et al. [2021]. In the recent works [Shcherbakova et al., 2020; Thallner et al., 2022], the results of palaeointensity determinations of the Volyn series basalts showed the ultra-low dipole moment of Earth’s magnetic field which coincident with other palaeomagnetic data for Ediacaran indicating an extremely weak geomagnetic field. Clear stratification and correlation of the basalt and tuff layers by magnetic parameters allow us to determine the magnetic field reversals throughout the stratigraphic succession of the Volyn series of about 400 m thick. In basalts, tuffs and baked contact rocks, a high-temperature characteristic component of remanent magnetization (ChRM) with all signs of primary magnetization have been isolated. For the directions of inclination of ChRM-components at least six magnetic polarity reversals were revealed. The geochronological ages of rocks is in the range of 580—545 Ma, but the errors in the age estimation are too large for separation of individual formations within the pulses of activity or differentiation of individual eruptions. Therefore the formation time of the entire stratum remains uncertain, and the key issue for interpretation of the magnetic polarity reversal frequency is the duration of accumulation of traps. Two possible interpretations of palaeomagnetic results are considered. In the first, which takes into account different stages of magmatic activity, the time interval of accumulation can be about 10 million years. Then the average frequency of geomagnetic inversions is close to mean for the Phanerozoic. We prefer the other interpretation when the formations of the Large Igneous Provinces have been occurred over a short time interval (e.g. 0.5 Myr). Taking into account the results of palaeointensity estimations for the same samples, which shown the extremely weak geomagnetic field, the hypothesis of the «hyperactivity» of the field with a frequency of at least 12 reversals per one million years on the end of the Ediacaran gain the additional confirmation.
我们介绍了乌克兰西北部六个钻孔揭示的沃林玄武岩省Vendian（埃迪卡拉纪）岩石古地磁研究的新结果。这是Bakhmutov等人[2021]之前对Volyn系列上部研究的延续。在最近的工作[Shcerbakova et al.，2020；Thallner et al.，2022]中，Volyn系列玄武岩的古强度测定结果显示了地球磁场的超低偶极矩，这与埃迪卡拉纪的其他古地磁数据一致，表明地磁场极弱。通过磁性参数对玄武岩和凝灰岩层进行清晰的分层和对比，我们可以确定大约400 m厚的Volyn系列地层序列中的磁场反转。在玄武岩、凝灰岩和焙烧接触岩中，分离出具有所有初级磁化迹象的剩余磁化（ChRM）的高温特征成分。对于ChRM分量的倾斜方向，至少揭示了六个磁极性反转。岩石的地质年代在580-545 Ma之间，但年龄估计的误差太大，无法在单个喷发的活动或分化脉冲内分离单个地层。因此，整个地层的形成时间仍然不确定，解释磁极性反转频率的关键问题是陷阱积累的持续时间。考虑了古地磁结果的两种可能解释。在第一种情况下，考虑到岩浆活动的不同阶段，堆积的时间间隔可能约为1000万年。然后地磁反转的平均频率接近显生宙的平均频率。当大型火成岩省的形成发生在短时间间隔内（例如0.5 Myr）时，我们更喜欢另一种解释。考虑到对相同样本的古强度估计结果，显示出极弱的地磁场，在埃迪卡拉纪末期，磁场的“过度活跃”频率为每一百万年至少12次反转的假说得到了进一步的证实。
{"title":"Palaeomagnetism of the Vendian traps of Volyn, southwestern margin of the East European Platform, P. 2: magnetostratigraphy","authors":"V. Bakhmutov, I. Poliachenko, S. Cherkes, D. Hlavatskyi","doi":"10.24028/gj.v44i6.273638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i6.273638","url":null,"abstract":"We present new results of palaeomagnetic studies of the Vendian (Ediacaran) rocks of the Volyn Basalt Province revealed by six boreholes on the NW Ukraine. This is a continuation of previous studies of upper part of the Volyn series described by Bakhmutov et al. [2021]. In the recent works [Shcherbakova et al., 2020; Thallner et al., 2022], the results of palaeointensity determinations of the Volyn series basalts showed the ultra-low dipole moment of Earth’s magnetic field which coincident with other palaeomagnetic data for Ediacaran indicating an extremely weak geomagnetic field. Clear stratification and correlation of the basalt and tuff layers by magnetic parameters allow us to determine the magnetic field reversals throughout the stratigraphic succession of the Volyn series of about 400 m thick. In basalts, tuffs and baked contact rocks, a high-temperature characteristic component of remanent magnetization (ChRM) with all signs of primary magnetization have been isolated. For the directions of inclination of ChRM-components at least six magnetic polarity reversals were revealed. The geochronological ages of rocks is in the range of 580—545 Ma, but the errors in the age estimation are too large for separation of individual formations within the pulses of activity or differentiation of individual eruptions. Therefore the formation time of the entire stratum remains uncertain, and the key issue for interpretation of the magnetic polarity reversal frequency is the duration of accumulation of traps. Two possible interpretations of palaeomagnetic results are considered. In the first, which takes into account different stages of magmatic activity, the time interval of accumulation can be about 10 million years. Then the average frequency of geomagnetic inversions is close to mean for the Phanerozoic. We prefer the other interpretation when the formations of the Large Igneous Provinces have been occurred over a short time interval (e.g. 0.5 Myr). Taking into account the results of palaeointensity estimations for the same samples, which shown the extremely weak geomagnetic field, the hypothesis of the «hyperactivity» of the field with a frequency of at least 12 reversals per one million years on the end of the Ediacaran gain the additional confirmation.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43795350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.24028/gj.v44i6.273640
O. Gintov, T. Tsvetkova, I. Bugaenko, L.N. Zayats, G.V. Murovska
Deep crust and mantle structure of the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) is considered on the basis of geological and geophysical investigations in the Baltic Sea-Black Sea section. The crustal structure of TESZ was studied on the basis of wide-angle depth seismic sounding (WDS), which was performed by international scientific teams with the participation of the Institute of Geophysics of NAS of Ukraine (IGF NASU). TESZ mantle structure was studied down to a depth of 800 km by the 3D P-velocity model of the Eurasian mantle according to the Taylor approximation method developed in the Institute of Geophysics of NASU. It is concluded that the deep crustal and mantle structure of the zone is a result of the simultaneous action of plate- and plum tectonic processes. TESZ was formed on two major collision alstages: in the late Ordovician — early Silurianas a result of the accession of the Avalonia microcontinent to the East European Platform (EEP), and in the late Carboniferous – early Permian with the accession of the European Hercynian (Varisian) terranes to EEP. The TESZ crustal structure is a trough of 150 (sometimes up to 200) km wide and several to 21 km deep, built by the allochthonous complex of paleozoids that underwent Caledonian and Hercynian orogens beyond the trough. Mantle structure of the TESZ, according to seismic tomographic studies, is of dual nature: on the one hand, the zone is traced subvertically to a depth of 700 km, on the other, within the zone there are everywhere inclined layers — slips to the depth of 350—600 km, that is the traces of subduction processes, which precededorac companied TESZ formation. Both structural features overlapeachother, which complicates paleotectonic and geohistorical analysis of TESZ formation. TESZ sinking to greater depths in the mantle can be explained by its increased permeability for advection of ultra-deep mantle fluids, established hereborogensic tomographic and paleomagnetic methods. Several variants of TESZ formation are assumed — A- or B-subduction during north eastern plate thrusting under the south western one in all variants.
{"title":"The deep structure of the Trans-European Suture Zone (based on seismic survey and GSR data) and some insights in to its development","authors":"O. Gintov, T. Tsvetkova, I. Bugaenko, L.N. Zayats, G.V. Murovska","doi":"10.24028/gj.v44i6.273640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i6.273640","url":null,"abstract":"Deep crust and mantle structure of the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) is considered on the basis of geological and geophysical investigations in the Baltic Sea-Black Sea section. The crustal structure of TESZ was studied on the basis of wide-angle depth seismic sounding (WDS), which was performed by international scientific teams with the participation of the Institute of Geophysics of NAS of Ukraine (IGF NASU). TESZ mantle structure was studied down to a depth of 800 km by the 3D P-velocity model of the Eurasian mantle according to the Taylor approximation method developed in the Institute of Geophysics of NASU. It is concluded that the deep crustal and mantle structure of the zone is a result of the simultaneous action of plate- and plum tectonic processes. TESZ was formed on two major collision alstages: in the late Ordovician — early Silurianas a result of the accession of the Avalonia microcontinent to the East European Platform (EEP), and in the late Carboniferous – early Permian with the accession of the European Hercynian (Varisian) terranes to EEP. The TESZ crustal structure is a trough of 150 (sometimes up to 200) km wide and several to 21 km deep, built by the allochthonous complex of paleozoids that underwent Caledonian and Hercynian orogens beyond the trough. Mantle structure of the TESZ, according to seismic tomographic studies, is of dual nature: on the one hand, the zone is traced subvertically to a depth of 700 km, on the other, within the zone there are everywhere inclined layers — slips to the depth of 350—600 km, that is the traces of subduction processes, which precededorac companied TESZ formation. Both structural features overlapeachother, which complicates paleotectonic and geohistorical analysis of TESZ formation. TESZ sinking to greater depths in the mantle can be explained by its increased permeability for advection of ultra-deep mantle fluids, established hereborogensic tomographic and paleomagnetic methods. Several variants of TESZ formation are assumed — A- or B-subduction during north eastern plate thrusting under the south western one in all variants.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47782583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.24028/gj.v44i6.273641
P. Pigulevskiy
The article examines the results of research carried out by the methods of reflected waves and common depth point (MRW-CDP) on the «Granit» geotraverse, which crosses the whole of Ukraine from the southwest to the northeast and passes through the territories of Odesa, Mykolaiv, Dnipropetrovsk, and Kharkiv regions, west of Belgorod region of Russia. In structural and tectonic terms, the geotraverse crosses large geological structures: the marginal part of the Scythian Plate (SP), the Ukrainian Shield (USH), the Dnieper-Donetsk Basin (DDB) and the southern slope of the Voronezh Crystalline Massif (VCM). The analysis of the features of the registered wave field and the completed structural constructions of the consolidated crust and upper mantle in the section of the «Granite» geotraverse shows a complex heterogeneous structure with certain spatially correlated regularities, against the background of which there are numerous inhomogeneities characteristic of both individual blocks and their individual intervals. The cross-sections of all the studied geostructures are characterized by a high level of saturation with non-extended, unevenly distributed reflective elements, which occupy positions from subhorizontal to steeply sloping in space. With all the diversity of the mutual location of both individual boundaries and their groups, a fairly strict correlation is established, which primarily provides information about the nature of stratification, deformations, and the stress state of the structures of the consolidated crust and upper mantle. In the modern structure of the crust, a significant role belongs to faults and tectonic plates, the vast majority of which are manifested as inclined zonal bodies with different orientations. Systems of faults and plates form a complex hierarchical interdependence. The «crust-mantle» transition zone is a complex, laterally variable area, with a thickness of 3 to 7 km, caused by systems of subhorizontal stratification, expressed by the concentration of reflective elements. The largest homogeneous and contrasting region of the transition is manifested in the structures of ancient consolidation, with a thickness of the crust of about 40 km. As a result of the research, more detailed information on the structure of individual tectonic elements was obtained, and some general principles of the structure of the transition zone from the ancient continental platform to the active folded belt were clarified.
{"title":"Geotraverse «Granite—Odesa—Kryvyi Rih—Pereschepine","authors":"P. Pigulevskiy","doi":"10.24028/gj.v44i6.273641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i6.273641","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the results of research carried out by the methods of reflected waves and common depth point (MRW-CDP) on the «Granit» geotraverse, which crosses the whole of Ukraine from the southwest to the northeast and passes through the territories of Odesa, Mykolaiv, Dnipropetrovsk, and Kharkiv regions, west of Belgorod region of Russia. In structural and tectonic terms, the geotraverse crosses large geological structures: the marginal part of the Scythian Plate (SP), the Ukrainian Shield (USH), the Dnieper-Donetsk Basin (DDB) and the southern slope of the Voronezh Crystalline Massif (VCM).\u0000The analysis of the features of the registered wave field and the completed structural constructions of the consolidated crust and upper mantle in the section of the «Granite» geotraverse shows a complex heterogeneous structure with certain spatially correlated regularities, against the background of which there are numerous inhomogeneities characteristic of both individual blocks and their individual intervals.\u0000The cross-sections of all the studied geostructures are characterized by a high level of saturation with non-extended, unevenly distributed reflective elements, which occupy positions from subhorizontal to steeply sloping in space. With all the diversity of the mutual location of both individual boundaries and their groups, a fairly strict correlation is established, which primarily provides information about the nature of stratification, deformations, and the stress state of the structures of the consolidated crust and upper mantle.\u0000In the modern structure of the crust, a significant role belongs to faults and tectonic plates, the vast majority of which are manifested as inclined zonal bodies with different orientations. Systems of faults and plates form a complex hierarchical interdependence.\u0000The «crust-mantle» transition zone is a complex, laterally variable area, with a thickness of 3 to 7 km, caused by systems of subhorizontal stratification, expressed by the concentration of reflective elements. The largest homogeneous and contrasting region of the transition is manifested in the structures of ancient consolidation, with a thickness of the crust of about 40 km.\u0000As a result of the research, more detailed information on the structure of individual tectonic elements was obtained, and some general principles of the structure of the transition zone from the ancient continental platform to the active folded belt were clarified.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45754411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.24028/gj.v44i6.273643
Y. Zelenin, T. A. Bilyi
New statistics of a low-parameter distribution of the sech (ε, µ) type are presented, which reproduce the results of plasma simulation by the method of dynamics of many particles (DMP) with high accuracy. The distribution is based on a conceptual model of a two-component plasma — virtual quasiparticles of negative energy (exciton phase ε<0); the scattering region of positive energy (gas phase ε>0). Optimization and elementary estimates of the applicability of the sech (ε, µ) distribution statistics were made after the results of DMP experiments. The sech (ε,µ) distribution reduces the number of parameters of the three-piece DMP distribution from 4 energy diffusion coefficients (D1, D2, D3, D4) to two — the chemical potential µ and the asymmetry coefficient α. The functional relationship D1, D2, D3, D4 with the chemical potential of the system µ in the sech (ε, µ) distribution is introduced in a similar way to the Einstein relation between mobility and energy diffusion constants. The functional variety of the differential equation belongs to the family of elliptic functions. It is much wider than the hyperbolic solution given, which has significant physical application for complex values of the energy ε. The proposed simplified scheme grounded in the physical interpretation of negative energies can be written for the electrometric electrons of the atmosphere, which previously presented significant methodological difficulties. The chemical potentials of the fluid (metastable states) and gas phases are presented as functions of the plasma imperfection parameter. The problem is posed as an application to the problem of electrometric electrons in the atmosphere. The proposed distribution is not represented in mathematical statistics and statistical physics; it is new and extremely relevant.
{"title":"New hyperbolic statistics for the equilibrium distribution function of interacting electrons","authors":"Y. Zelenin, T. A. Bilyi","doi":"10.24028/gj.v44i6.273643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i6.273643","url":null,"abstract":"New statistics of a low-parameter distribution of the sech (ε, µ) type are presented, which reproduce the results of plasma simulation by the method of dynamics of many particles (DMP) with high accuracy. The distribution is based on a conceptual model of a two-component plasma — virtual quasiparticles of negative energy (exciton phase ε<0); the scattering region of positive energy (gas phase ε>0). Optimization and elementary estimates of the applicability of the sech (ε, µ) distribution statistics were made after the results of DMP experiments. The sech (ε,µ) distribution reduces the number of parameters of the three-piece DMP distribution from 4 energy diffusion coefficients (D1, D2, D3, D4) to two — the chemical potential µ and the asymmetry coefficient α. The functional relationship D1, D2, D3, D4 with the chemical potential of the system µ in the sech (ε, µ) distribution is introduced in a similar way to the Einstein relation between mobility and energy diffusion constants. The functional variety of the differential equation belongs to the family of elliptic functions. It is much wider than the hyperbolic solution given, which has significant physical application for complex values of the energy ε. The proposed simplified scheme grounded in the physical interpretation of negative energies can be written for the electrometric electrons of the atmosphere, which previously presented significant methodological difficulties. The chemical potentials of the fluid (metastable states) and gas phases are presented as functions of the plasma imperfection parameter. The problem is posed as an application to the problem of electrometric electrons in the atmosphere. The proposed distribution is not represented in mathematical statistics and statistical physics; it is new and extremely relevant.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42121915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.24028/gj.v44i6.273648
O. Shestopalova, V. Drukarenko
Mafites and ultramafites manifest in the magnetic field as significant magnetic anomalies due to the high content of magnetite, titanomagnetite and iron-magnesium silicates. Studying the mineralogy and magnetic properties of Archean rocks formed deep in the lower crust and uplifted to the surface allows to understanding the sources of magnetic anomalies. Such rocks are known in the Ukrainian shield, in particular in the Middle Bug River region and in the Holovaniv suture zone (HSZ). We consider mafic-ultramafic assemblages of the rocks of this region, their mineral composition and magnetic characteristics, manifestations in the magnetic field, and the distribution of magnetic minerals. Several mafic-ultramafic associations of different ages, composed of effusive, sedimentary-effusive and intrusive formations, are recognized for the area the Pobuzkiy ore mining region. Most of them were transformed intensively by metamorphism of granulite (to eclogite) facies and by intense tectonic and diaphoretic processes. The main volcanics and volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks belong to the Tivriv stratum of the Paleoarchean Dniester-Bug and Neoarchaean Bug series. Mantle rocks were the protolith of the Tivriv stratum, which are similar in composition to oceanic basalts. The Pavliv stratum is considered as a part of the Dniester-Bug series. It is composed mainly of two-pyroxene crystal schists (sometimes amphibolized, often with significant magnetite content (up to 10 %)), magnetite-orthopyroxene crystal schists, and bodies of ferruginous quartzites. Both series contain gneiss complexes, as well as bodies of basite-hyperbasites. Mafic rocks are mainly represented by hornblende-pyroxene crystal schists and amphibolites. Ultramafite and mafit-ultramafite intrusive bodies were mapped in the central and northern parts of the HSZ where they are presented by rocks of the hyperbasite and gabbro-peridotite formations. The Holovaniv block of the HSZ is spatially coincident with the Holovaniv gravitational maximum and magnetic anomalies, which are probably caused by the rooting of mafit-ultramafits from the upper mantle along deep fault zones. Magnetic sources with increased magnetization were identified within the district of Haivoron. They are associated with pyroxene schists, gneisses, coarse-grained pyroxene schists, and ferruginous quartzites. The high values of magnetic parameters of the rocks of the Haivoron-Zavallya region are explained by the presence of eulysites and magnetite-hypersthene crystal schists. Within the area of occurence of charnockite-enderbite rocks, the magnetic field with increased intensity and a large-mosaic structure is observed. Differentiation of the magnetic properties of the rocks of the upper part of the Earth’s crust, the shape and low power of the sources indicate their possible primary magmatic formation in the form of massifs and dykes with further metamorphic transformations. Magnetite is the main magnetic mineral of mafite-ultramaf
{"title":"Magneto-mineralogical characteristics of mafite-ultramafites of the Middle Bug River area and Holovaniv suture zone of the Ukrainian Shield (overview)","authors":"O. Shestopalova, V. Drukarenko","doi":"10.24028/gj.v44i6.273648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i6.273648","url":null,"abstract":"Mafites and ultramafites manifest in the magnetic field as significant magnetic anomalies due to the high content of magnetite, titanomagnetite and iron-magnesium silicates. Studying the mineralogy and magnetic properties of Archean rocks formed deep in the lower crust and uplifted to the surface allows to understanding the sources of magnetic anomalies. Such rocks are known in the Ukrainian shield, in particular in the Middle Bug River region and in the Holovaniv suture zone (HSZ). We consider mafic-ultramafic assemblages of the rocks of this region, their mineral composition and magnetic characteristics, manifestations in the magnetic field, and the distribution of magnetic minerals. Several mafic-ultramafic associations of different ages, composed of effusive, sedimentary-effusive and intrusive formations, are recognized for the area the Pobuzkiy ore mining region. Most of them were transformed intensively by metamorphism of granulite (to eclogite) facies and by intense tectonic and diaphoretic processes. The main volcanics and volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks belong to the Tivriv stratum of the Paleoarchean Dniester-Bug and Neoarchaean Bug series. Mantle rocks were the protolith of the Tivriv stratum, which are similar in composition to oceanic basalts. The Pavliv stratum is considered as a part of the Dniester-Bug series. It is composed mainly of two-pyroxene crystal schists (sometimes amphibolized, often with significant magnetite content (up to 10 %)), magnetite-orthopyroxene crystal schists, and bodies of ferruginous quartzites. Both series contain gneiss complexes, as well as bodies of basite-hyperbasites. Mafic rocks are mainly represented by hornblende-pyroxene crystal schists and amphibolites. Ultramafite and mafit-ultramafite intrusive bodies were mapped in the central and northern parts of the HSZ where they are presented by rocks of the hyperbasite and gabbro-peridotite formations. The Holovaniv block of the HSZ is spatially coincident with the Holovaniv gravitational maximum and magnetic anomalies, which are probably caused by the rooting of mafit-ultramafits from the upper mantle along deep fault zones. Magnetic sources with increased magnetization were identified within the district of Haivoron. They are associated with pyroxene schists, gneisses, coarse-grained pyroxene schists, and ferruginous quartzites. The high values of magnetic parameters of the rocks of the Haivoron-Zavallya region are explained by the presence of eulysites and magnetite-hypersthene crystal schists. Within the area of occurence of charnockite-enderbite rocks, the magnetic field with increased intensity and a large-mosaic structure is observed. Differentiation of the magnetic properties of the rocks of the upper part of the Earth’s crust, the shape and low power of the sources indicate their possible primary magmatic formation in the form of massifs and dykes with further metamorphic transformations. Magnetite is the main magnetic mineral of mafite-ultramaf","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44214676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.24028/gj.v44i6.273646
O. Kruglov, O. Menshov, V. Koliada, M. Shevchenko, A. Achasova, P. Nazarok, O. Andreeva
The article is related to the study of the localization of agronomic heterogeneities of the soil distributed on slopes. To study this important agricultural areas, we usedthe mathematical modeling of erosion processes and the survey of the magnetic susceptibility of the arable horizon of the soils. The experiment design includes the typical chernozemof the slope.The soil sampling was performed according to DSTU 4287:2004, determination of organic carbon content according to DSTU 4289:2004, and determination of statistical indicators using Statistica®. The visualization of the study results was carried out in the QGis software. Magnetic susceptibility (MS) was measured using a KLY-2 magnetometer. Modeling of soil erosion processes involved USLE universal soil loss equation. A 1:10,000 topographic map was adopted as the topographic basis. The research territory is the fields of the National Biotechnological University (V.V. Dokuchaev KhNAU) on the southern outskirts of the city of Kharkiv. The 70 soil samples were collected from the arable layer (horizon A). Due to the course of water erosion processes, a long-term soil washout and a widespread complex spatial complex of washed-out soils took place on the site, which is a typical case for eroded sloping lands of the Forest Steppe. In non-eroded watersheds (in the north-western direction), typical heavy loamy medium-humus chernozems are developed. Sampling was carried out using an irregular grid, the sampling density was about 5 samples per hectare.We detected that mathematical modeling of erosion processes can be used to predict the location of inhomogeneities in the agronomic properties of the ground cover of sloping lands. However, given the shortcomings of the main models of potential soil losses associated with the alternation of zones of erosion and deposition require to clarify and verify the obtained results. Hence, we propose to apply the statistical characteristics of the spatial distribution of values of the magnetic susceptibility of the soil. The most important parameters are the average values and coefficient of variation of MS.
{"title":"Magnetic susceptibility of the slope soils for predicting of agronomic characteristics","authors":"O. Kruglov, O. Menshov, V. Koliada, M. Shevchenko, A. Achasova, P. Nazarok, O. Andreeva","doi":"10.24028/gj.v44i6.273646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v44i6.273646","url":null,"abstract":"The article is related to the study of the localization of agronomic heterogeneities of the soil distributed on slopes. To study this important agricultural areas, we usedthe mathematical modeling of erosion processes and the survey of the magnetic susceptibility of the arable horizon of the soils. The experiment design includes the typical chernozemof the slope.The soil sampling was performed according to DSTU 4287:2004, determination of organic carbon content according to DSTU 4289:2004, and determination of statistical indicators using Statistica®. The visualization of the study results was carried out in the QGis software. Magnetic susceptibility (MS) was measured using a KLY-2 magnetometer. Modeling of soil erosion processes involved USLE universal soil loss equation. A 1:10,000 topographic map was adopted as the topographic basis. The research territory is the fields of the National Biotechnological University (V.V. Dokuchaev KhNAU) on the southern outskirts of the city of Kharkiv. The 70 soil samples were collected from the arable layer (horizon A). Due to the course of water erosion processes, a long-term soil washout and a widespread complex spatial complex of washed-out soils took place on the site, which is a typical case for eroded sloping lands of the Forest Steppe. In non-eroded watersheds (in the north-western direction), typical heavy loamy medium-humus chernozems are developed. Sampling was carried out using an irregular grid, the sampling density was about 5 samples per hectare.We detected that mathematical modeling of erosion processes can be used to predict the location of inhomogeneities in the agronomic properties of the ground cover of sloping lands. However, given the shortcomings of the main models of potential soil losses associated with the alternation of zones of erosion and deposition require to clarify and verify the obtained results. Hence, we propose to apply the statistical characteristics of the spatial distribution of values of the magnetic susceptibility of the soil. The most important parameters are the average values and coefficient of variation of MS.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45439268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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