Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.24028/gj.v45i3.282421
K. Kerimova
The progress of existing geophysical techniques for the last years led to a wider scope of the problems resolved using this set of tools. The tools allow tackling pivotal tasks such as the study of lithology in a geological section, correlation, evaluation of saturation, porosity, permeability, and clay fraction, and outlining of oil-gas and water-saturated layers. Complications emerging while resolving these problems directly depend on the petrophysical parameters of reservoir layers. For instance, similar values of resistivity in oil and water layers result in high value of clay fraction and variation of porosity in a wide range and this complicates distinguishing the oil and water layers. On the other hand, it is known that an increase of cementing clay amount in reservoirs causes drop of porosity (Kpor.) and increase of residual water saturation. This paper is devoted to design of models defining correlation between petrophysical parameters of reservoir layers by use of integrated well data and establishing regression equations from these parameters’ distributions. Models of variation of porosity, permeability, clay fraction and oil and gas saturation through the sections of wells were also designed. They made it possible to evaluate filtration-capacity characteristics and establish correlation between petrophysical parameters of reservoir layers and gain information about this field. The bar graph was drawn for permeability coefficient variation through studied reservoirs in Qirmaky suite (QD-1, QD-2, QD-3, QD-4) by use of sections of wells conditionally marked as 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the Balakhany field. Analysis of the constructed histograms allows us to classify the studied collector layers according to their permeability. Of the 17 layers studied in section of well 1, only Layer 17 has very good permeability, the other 16 are of good permeability; all 17 layers of well 2 have good permeability characteristics; of the 17 layers of well 3, Layer 3 is of poor permeability, layers 6, 7, and 14 have average permeability, and the rest are of good permeability; all 12 layers of well 4 have good permeability. The study target is Qirmaky suite (QD-1, QD-2, QD-3, QD-4) of the Productive Series in Balakhany field.
{"title":"Study of petrophysical parameters of productive series by use of well data","authors":"K. Kerimova","doi":"10.24028/gj.v45i3.282421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v45i3.282421","url":null,"abstract":"The progress of existing geophysical techniques for the last years led to a wider scope of the problems resolved using this set of tools. The tools allow tackling pivotal tasks such as the study of lithology in a geological section, correlation, evaluation of saturation, porosity, permeability, and clay fraction, and outlining of oil-gas and water-saturated layers. Complications emerging while resolving these problems directly depend on the petrophysical parameters of reservoir layers. For instance, similar values of resistivity in oil and water layers result in high value of clay fraction and variation of porosity in a wide range and this complicates distinguishing the oil and water layers. On the other hand, it is known that an increase of cementing clay amount in reservoirs causes drop of porosity (Kpor.) and increase of residual water saturation. \u0000This paper is devoted to design of models defining correlation between petrophysical parameters of reservoir layers by use of integrated well data and establishing regression equations from these parameters’ distributions. Models of variation of porosity, permeability, clay fraction and oil and gas saturation through the sections of wells were also designed. They made it possible to evaluate filtration-capacity characteristics and establish correlation between petrophysical parameters of reservoir layers and gain information about this field. \u0000The bar graph was drawn for permeability coefficient variation through studied reservoirs in Qirmaky suite (QD-1, QD-2, QD-3, QD-4) by use of sections of wells conditionally marked as 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the Balakhany field. \u0000Analysis of the constructed histograms allows us to classify the studied collector layers according to their permeability. Of the 17 layers studied in section of well 1, only Layer 17 has very good permeability, the other 16 are of good permeability; all 17 layers of well 2 have good permeability characteristics; of the 17 layers of well 3, Layer 3 is of poor permeability, layers 6, 7, and 14 have average permeability, and the rest are of good permeability; all 12 layers of well 4 have good permeability. \u0000The study target is Qirmaky suite (QD-1, QD-2, QD-3, QD-4) of the Productive Series in Balakhany field.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48750878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.24028/gj.v45i3.282420
V. Seidov, L. Khalilova
Studies of the South Caspian Basin display that the Early Pliocene sediments define mainly the structural characteristic of the section in this area. The Productive Series consists of deposits accumulated during the Pliocene epoch. It is known that within the basin, the major commercial hydrocarbon accumulations are attributed to the Productive Series of the Early Pliocene and concentrated mainly in the Absheron oil and gas province, Baku archipelago and Low Kur oil and gas provinces. Studies of fluid generation are required for correct planning of geological exploration for oil and gas in these areas. This research work aimed to study the fluid generation processes in the South Caspian Basin by use of 3D modeling. The history of hydrocarbon formation was reconstructed. Fluid generation focuses were studied and the distribution areas of these focuses was clarified. The maturity of the Middle Jurassic and Low Cretaceous sediments and Maikop and Diatom deposits were assessed, the temperature regime of the Maikop and Diatom deposits were analyzed. We also evaluated the hydrocarbon fields’ and mud volcanoes’ relations to the focal areas of small-focused earthquakes. In the South Caspian Basin, the Middle Jurassic, Low Cretaceous, Maykop, and Diatom focuses of fluid generation were outlined and their allocation and time-spatial evolution history were researched. Evaluation of the maturity of Middle Jurassic and Low Cretaceous sediments, Maykop, and Diatom showed neither oil formed at the peak of oil-gas generation with maturity values Ro=0.8ff0.9 %, nor low-maturity gases of the transition zone even within the fluids of gas-condensate fields, while some oil fields had gases of abnormally high maturity of Ro=2.4ff3.09 %. 3D modeling of paleogeotemperatures in Maykop and Diatom suites found that a) both in the western and the eastern part of the South Caspian Basin the temperature in the bottom of Maykop increases by 20 ◦C in comparison to the top of the suite; b) in the west of the trough in the middle portion of Diatom at a depth of 8000 m and in the east of the trough at 9000 m, the temperature reaches 120 ◦C. In the case of small-focused seismicity caused by fluid-generation processes, the latter at the phase conversions are accompanied by high energy output, decompaction, pressing-out of fluids and matters in pseudo-liquefied state into the permeable areas of the media, thus assisting the development of diapiric structures and mud volcanoes.
{"title":"Evolution of hydrocarbon deposits in the South Caspian Basin","authors":"V. Seidov, L. Khalilova","doi":"10.24028/gj.v45i3.282420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v45i3.282420","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of the South Caspian Basin display that the Early Pliocene sediments define mainly the structural characteristic of the section in this area. The Productive Series consists of deposits accumulated during the Pliocene epoch. It is known that within the basin, the major commercial hydrocarbon accumulations are attributed to the Productive Series of the Early Pliocene and concentrated mainly in the Absheron oil and gas province, Baku archipelago and Low Kur oil and gas provinces. Studies of fluid generation are required for correct planning of geological exploration for oil and gas in these areas. \u0000This research work aimed to study the fluid generation processes in the South Caspian Basin by use of 3D modeling. \u0000The history of hydrocarbon formation was reconstructed. Fluid generation focuses were studied and the distribution areas of these focuses was clarified. The maturity of the Middle Jurassic and Low Cretaceous sediments and Maikop and Diatom deposits were assessed, the temperature regime of the Maikop and Diatom deposits were analyzed. We also evaluated the hydrocarbon fields’ and mud volcanoes’ relations to the focal areas of small-focused earthquakes. \u0000In the South Caspian Basin, the Middle Jurassic, Low Cretaceous, Maykop, and Diatom focuses of fluid generation were outlined and their allocation and time-spatial evolution history were researched. \u0000Evaluation of the maturity of Middle Jurassic and Low Cretaceous sediments, Maykop, and Diatom showed neither oil formed at the peak of oil-gas generation with maturity values Ro=0.8ff0.9 %, nor low-maturity gases of the transition zone even within the fluids of gas-condensate fields, while some oil fields had gases of abnormally high maturity of Ro=2.4ff3.09 %. \u00003D modeling of paleogeotemperatures in Maykop and Diatom suites found that a) both in the western and the eastern part of the South Caspian Basin the temperature in the bottom of Maykop increases by 20 ◦C in comparison to the top of the suite; b) in the west of the trough in the middle portion of Diatom at a depth of 8000 m and in the east of the trough at 9000 m, the temperature reaches 120 ◦C. \u0000In the case of small-focused seismicity caused by fluid-generation processes, the latter at the phase conversions are accompanied by high energy output, decompaction, pressing-out of fluids and matters in pseudo-liquefied state into the permeable areas of the media, thus assisting the development of diapiric structures and mud volcanoes.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46994587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.24028/gj.v45i3.282413
S. Mychak, M. Bakarzhieva, M. Orlyuk, A. Marchenko, S. Kurylo
Complex geomagnetic and tectonophysical studies were performed in order to characterize in detail the heterogeneity of the Earth’s crust of the Zvenyhorod-Bratskfault zone and to clarify its internal structure and kinematics. Based on the results of magnetometric studies, maps of the different wavelength components of magnetic anomalies were obtained, the sources of which are associated with different layers of the crust; the magnetization of the upper, middle and lower parts of the crust was estimated; 2D and 3D magnetic models of individual structures and areas were developed; geological and tectonic interpretations were performed. The Zvenyhorod-Bratskfault zone is clearly manifested in the regional component of the geomagnetic field, separating its maxima and minima zones, and is also reflected by linear anomalies and bands of the short-wavelength component of the upper part of the crustal section. At the same time, it separates areas of the Earth’s crust with fundamentally different types of sources and their magnetization values: in the west, linear sources of the upper and middle crust of the GSZ are characterized by significant magnetization (up to 3—6 A/m) in contrast to the oval-shaped sources of the Ingul block with magnetization up to 1 A/m m. Tectonophysical measurements of structural and textural elements of rocks were carried out at four sites along the rivers Velyka Vys’, Kilten’, Suhyi Tashlyk and Mertvovid. Processing and interpretation of field measurements of structural textural elements of rocks were done by the structural-paragenetic method of tectonophysics for III-IV depth levels using the Stereonet program. It was established that the Zvenyhorod-Bratskfault zone was formed ≤2.45 billion years ago and consists of rectilinear shear zones related to different stages of fault formation. However, the main factor in the formation of the fault zone is the Pervomaisk stage, during which the L-shears with a strike azimuth of 345° and R-shears with a strike azimuth of 357° were formed. The presence of Archean phases of shear in it can testify to the earlier formation of the Zvenyhorod-Bratskfault zone relative to the Pervomaysk one. The Proterozoic cycle of activation (~2.1—1.70 billion years ago) contributed to the formation of deposits and ore manifestations of minerals within the Zvenyhorod-Bratskfaults zone.
{"title":"Internal structure and kinematics of the Zvenyhorod-Brats’k fault zone of the Ukrainian shield according to geophysical data","authors":"S. Mychak, M. Bakarzhieva, M. Orlyuk, A. Marchenko, S. Kurylo","doi":"10.24028/gj.v45i3.282413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v45i3.282413","url":null,"abstract":"Complex geomagnetic and tectonophysical studies were performed in order to characterize in detail the heterogeneity of the Earth’s crust of the Zvenyhorod-Bratskfault zone and to clarify its internal structure and kinematics. Based on the results of magnetometric studies, maps of the different wavelength components of magnetic anomalies were obtained, the sources of which are associated with different layers of the crust; the magnetization of the upper, middle and lower parts of the crust was estimated; 2D and 3D magnetic models of individual structures and areas were developed; geological and tectonic interpretations were performed. \u0000The Zvenyhorod-Bratskfault zone is clearly manifested in the regional component of the geomagnetic field, separating its maxima and minima zones, and is also reflected by linear anomalies and bands of the short-wavelength component of the upper part of the crustal section. At the same time, it separates areas of the Earth’s crust with fundamentally different types of sources and their magnetization values: in the west, linear sources of the upper and middle crust of the GSZ are characterized by significant magnetization (up to 3—6 A/m) in contrast to the oval-shaped sources of the Ingul block with magnetization up to 1 A/m m. \u0000Tectonophysical measurements of structural and textural elements of rocks were carried out at four sites along the rivers Velyka Vys’, Kilten’, Suhyi Tashlyk and Mertvovid. Processing and interpretation of field measurements of structural textural elements of rocks were done by the structural-paragenetic method of tectonophysics for III-IV depth levels using the Stereonet program. \u0000It was established that the Zvenyhorod-Bratskfault zone was formed ≤2.45 billion years ago and consists of rectilinear shear zones related to different stages of fault formation. However, the main factor in the formation of the fault zone is the Pervomaisk stage, during which the L-shears with a strike azimuth of 345° and R-shears with a strike azimuth of 357° were formed. The presence of Archean phases of shear in it can testify to the earlier formation of the Zvenyhorod-Bratskfault zone relative to the Pervomaysk one. \u0000The Proterozoic cycle of activation (~2.1—1.70 billion years ago) contributed to the formation of deposits and ore manifestations of minerals within the Zvenyhorod-Bratskfaults zone.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48628070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.24028/gj.v45i3.282416
A. M. Kutnyi, V. Pavlyk, T. M. Babych, V.P. Plis
The dynamics of tidal parameters were studied based on the results of tilt observations in 4 points of the landslide hazard zone, which was formed over the exhausted field of a salt mine in the city of Soledar, Donetsk region. The reduction in the thickness of the supporting walls of the salt mine led to the loss of their supporting stability, which led to the lowering of the ground, the destruction of the foundations and walls of residential and administrative buildings in a plot 1.3 km long and 0.5 km wide. To eliminate the risk of collapse, the used underground galleries were filled with salt in order to strengthen their retaining walls.Thus, the landslide hazard zone has become a unique training ground for studying the change in tidal parameters γ and Δϕ depending on the state of the mine roof. In total, 256 continuous hourly monthly series were processed using modern methods of excluding their linear drift and anomalous meteorological disturbances from the initial data at short observation intervals, which made it possible to significantly increase the accuracy of determining tidal parameters based on the results of harmonic analysis. For the first time in the global earth tide practice, the normalization of the tilt parameters during and after strengthening the collapsing roof of the mine was revealed. If before the strengthening of the supporting walls of the underground galleries, the tidal parameters assumed abnormal values (the amplitude factor γ by 30 %, and the phase factor Δϕ by 10—15 degrees differed from the regional analogues), then in the process of backfilling they began to approach their regional values, which they reached a year after the backfilling. The real possibility of using the earth tide method for monitoring and forecasting the landslide hazard and related phenomena of the ground has been proven.
{"title":"Dynamics of tidal parameters depending on the landslide hazard condition of the salt mine roof","authors":"A. M. Kutnyi, V. Pavlyk, T. M. Babych, V.P. Plis","doi":"10.24028/gj.v45i3.282416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v45i3.282416","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of tidal parameters were studied based on the results of tilt observations in 4 points of the landslide hazard zone, which was formed over the exhausted field of a salt mine in the city of Soledar, Donetsk region. The reduction in the thickness of the supporting walls of the salt mine led to the loss of their supporting stability, which led to the lowering of the ground, the destruction of the foundations and walls of residential and administrative buildings in a plot 1.3 km long and 0.5 km wide. To eliminate the risk of collapse, the used underground galleries were filled with salt in order to strengthen their retaining walls.Thus, the landslide hazard zone has become a unique training ground for studying the change in tidal parameters γ and Δϕ depending on the state of the mine roof. In total, 256 continuous hourly monthly series were processed using modern methods of excluding their linear drift and anomalous meteorological disturbances from the initial data at short observation intervals, which made it possible to significantly increase the accuracy of determining tidal parameters based on the results of harmonic analysis. For the first time in the global earth tide practice, the normalization of the tilt parameters during and after strengthening the collapsing roof of the mine was revealed. If before the strengthening of the supporting walls of the underground galleries, the tidal parameters assumed abnormal values (the amplitude factor γ by 30 %, and the phase factor Δϕ by 10—15 degrees differed from the regional analogues), then in the process of backfilling they began to approach their regional values, which they reached a year after the backfilling. The real possibility of using the earth tide method for monitoring and forecasting the landslide hazard and related phenomena of the ground has been proven.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47094471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.24028/gj.v45i3.282417
Y. Rudniev, E.M. Filatieva, M. Filatiev, V. Tarasov, M. Antoshchenko
Purpose: develop an engineering method for determining sulfur in mineral impurities to predict the hazardous properties of mine seams in mining operations. Methodology: The research methodology and the development of the method are based on a close correlation dependence of the sulfur content in the combustible part of the fuel on the total sulfur for coals of almost all mine seams of the Donetsk and Lvov-Volyn basins. The ratios between the organic mass and mineral impurities are characterized by the yield of ash. The ratio of ash content of reservoir and enriched samples, as well as information about the content of total sulfur and sulfur in the combustible part, make it possible to estimate the sulfur content in mineral impurities by calculation. All the initial data necessary for the development of the method were established experimentally by standard methods over several decades and are given in the reference and regulatory documents on the consumer qualities of coals. Results: The percentage of total sulfur for the entire set of considered coal seams can either exceed the sulfur content in the combustible part of the fuel or vice versa. The difference between the content of total sulfur and its presence in the combustible part of the fuel is, in the first approximation, a criterion for assessing the possible sulfur content in the conditionally non-combustible part of the fuel. Negative values of the criterion indicate the predominant sulfur content in the combustible part, and positive values, in the conditionally non-combustible (mineral) impurities. Based on the available initial experimental data on the content of total sulfur in the combustible part of the fuel, the yield of ash from reservoir and enriched samples, dependencies are proposed for calculating the sulfur content in conditionally non-combustible components. Between the calculated values of the sulfur content in the conditionally non-combustible part and the proposed criterion, correlations are considered for seven sets of coal seams. The formation of the populations was done taking into account the possible influence of enrichment processes and positive or negative values of the proposed criterion. Based on the analysis of empirical dependences of the considered sets of coal seams, the necessary conditions were established for obtaining the most reliable results of the calculated determination of sulfur in conditionally non-combustible (mineral) impurities of fossil coals. Scientific novelty: For the first time, empirical dependences of the sulfur content in conditionally non-combustible (mineral) impurities were established according to the proposed criterion. Practical value: The results are necessary to improve the regulatory framework for the safety of mining operations in terms of predicting the manifestation of hazardous properties of coal seams due to the presence of sulfur varieties.
{"title":"Engineering method for determining the sulfur of mineral impurities for the prediction of hazardous properties of coal seams","authors":"Y. Rudniev, E.M. Filatieva, M. Filatiev, V. Tarasov, M. Antoshchenko","doi":"10.24028/gj.v45i3.282417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v45i3.282417","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: develop an engineering method for determining sulfur in mineral impurities to predict the hazardous properties of mine seams in mining operations. \u0000Methodology: The research methodology and the development of the method are based on a close correlation dependence of the sulfur content in the combustible part of the fuel on the total sulfur for coals of almost all mine seams of the Donetsk and Lvov-Volyn basins. The ratios between the organic mass and mineral impurities are characterized by the yield of ash. The ratio of ash content of reservoir and enriched samples, as well as information about the content of total sulfur and sulfur in the combustible part, make it possible to estimate the sulfur content in mineral impurities by calculation. All the initial data necessary for the development of the method were established experimentally by standard methods over several decades and are given in the reference and regulatory documents on the consumer qualities of coals. \u0000Results: The percentage of total sulfur for the entire set of considered coal seams can either exceed the sulfur content in the combustible part of the fuel or vice versa. The difference between the content of total sulfur and its presence in the combustible part of the fuel is, in the first approximation, a criterion for assessing the possible sulfur content in the conditionally non-combustible part of the fuel. Negative values of the criterion indicate the predominant sulfur content in the combustible part, and positive values, in the conditionally non-combustible (mineral) impurities. \u0000Based on the available initial experimental data on the content of total sulfur in the combustible part of the fuel, the yield of ash from reservoir and enriched samples, dependencies are proposed for calculating the sulfur content in conditionally non-combustible components. \u0000Between the calculated values of the sulfur content in the conditionally non-combustible part and the proposed criterion, correlations are considered for seven sets of coal seams. The formation of the populations was done taking into account the possible influence of enrichment processes and positive or negative values of the proposed criterion. \u0000Based on the analysis of empirical dependences of the considered sets of coal seams, the necessary conditions were established for obtaining the most reliable results of the calculated determination of sulfur in conditionally non-combustible (mineral) impurities of fossil coals. \u0000Scientific novelty: For the first time, empirical dependences of the sulfur content in conditionally non-combustible (mineral) impurities were established according to the proposed criterion. \u0000Practical value: The results are necessary to improve the regulatory framework for the safety of mining operations in terms of predicting the manifestation of hazardous properties of coal seams due to the presence of sulfur varieties.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43473801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-14DOI: 10.24028/gj.v45i2.278341
V.C. Svistun, P. Pigulevskiy
The article presents the results of geophysical observations by the Dnepropetrovsk geophysical expedition «Dneprogeofizika» on Zmiyinyy Island, which performed a full cycle of work from prospecting and surveying studies to providing the island with drinking water. In structural and tectonic conditions, the island is considered as the Zmiyinyy insular block of the Danubian horst megablock. The geodynamics of the region is determined by the position and inclination of the collision sutures within the zone of interaction between the Eurasian and African lithospheric plates. Comprehensive geological and geophysical studies included magnetic prospecting, gravity prospecting and electric sounding (Dipole-axial sounding induced polarization DAS-IP) with geological routes along all rock outcrops on the Zmiyinyy island. Detailed integrated geophysical studies were: gravimetric observations over a network of 20×10 m, magnetometric — 10×5 m and electrometric (DAS-IP) — 40×5 m. For the first time on the island, gravimetric stations were set up, which will later become a support for gravimetric surveys. According to the results of magnetic field survey and DAZ-OP electrical exploration observations, an anomalous area was identified, which is perspective for archaeological research. Based on a comprehensive interpretation of geological and geophysical materials, a well was drilled to a depth of 120 m, which confirmed the constructed predictive stratigraphic section of about. Zmiyinyy. Based on the results of the search for sources of drinking water, three wells were drilled, with a fresh water flow rate of up to 10 m3 per day (each). Subsequently, fresh water with minor purification is used as drinking water.
{"title":"Results of geophysical research on the Zmiyinyy island","authors":"V.C. Svistun, P. Pigulevskiy","doi":"10.24028/gj.v45i2.278341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v45i2.278341","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of geophysical observations by the Dnepropetrovsk geophysical expedition «Dneprogeofizika» on Zmiyinyy Island, which performed a full cycle of work from prospecting and surveying studies to providing the island with drinking water. \u0000In structural and tectonic conditions, the island is considered as the Zmiyinyy insular block of the Danubian horst megablock. The geodynamics of the region is determined by the position and inclination of the collision sutures within the zone of interaction between the Eurasian and African lithospheric plates. Comprehensive geological and geophysical studies included magnetic prospecting, gravity prospecting and electric sounding (Dipole-axial sounding induced polarization DAS-IP) with geological routes along all rock outcrops on the Zmiyinyy island. Detailed integrated geophysical studies were: gravimetric observations over a network of 20×10 m, magnetometric — 10×5 m and electrometric (DAS-IP) — 40×5 m. For the first time on the island, gravimetric stations were set up, which will later become a support for gravimetric surveys. According to the results of magnetic field survey and DAZ-OP electrical exploration observations, an anomalous area was identified, which is perspective for archaeological research. Based on a comprehensive interpretation of geological and geophysical materials, a well was drilled to a depth of 120 m, which confirmed the constructed predictive stratigraphic section of about. Zmiyinyy. Based on the results of the search for sources of drinking water, three wells were drilled, with a fresh water flow rate of up to 10 m3 per day (each). Subsequently, fresh water with minor purification is used as drinking water.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42479618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-14DOI: 10.24028/gj.v45i2.278332
O. Skrynyk, S. Bubin
In this article we assess the sensitivity of the numerical simulations of the radioactive 137Cs contamination of Ukraine caused by the Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986 to the input meteorological data. The atmospheric transport, dispersion, and deposition (dry scavenging and rain washout) of the radioactive aerosols was simulated using the CALPUFF dispersion model. The source parameterization of the 137Cs emissions during the active phase of the catastrophe (26 April—May 5 of 1986) was adopted from the previously published literature results. Seventeen different versions/realizations of the input meteorology for CALPUFF simulations were prepared with the regional prognostic meteorological model WRF by combining the available global atmospheric reanalyses for 1986 (NNRP, ERA-Interim, ERA5, CFSR) and the model’s physical parameterizations (microphysics, radiation processes, boundary/surface layer physics). The assessment of the simulation uncertainty was carried out in two different ways. In the first approach, the uncertainty was estimated as the width of the distribution of the calculated 137Cs surface concentrations (adjusted to the logarithmic scale), which were obtained with different versions of the input meteorology. The second approach was based on the statistical comparison of the calculated 137Cs contaminations and the corresponding measured values obtained during a complex assessment of the aftermath of the disaster made at the beginning of 1990s. Two statistical metrics were used: the geometric mean bias and the geometric mean variance. The results of our study demonstrate that even when using somewhat unified meteorological data (atmospheric reanalysis), the results of the radioactive contamination calculations at the same spatial locations can differ by several orders of magnitude. We find that the uncertainty depends not only on the distance to the source of the emissions but also on the physical mechanism (wet or dry deposition) responsible for the formation of the local contamination
{"title":"Numerical simulation of the radioactive contamination of Ukraine after the Chornobyl disaster: the influence of the input meteorological data on the results uncertainty","authors":"O. Skrynyk, S. Bubin","doi":"10.24028/gj.v45i2.278332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v45i2.278332","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we assess the sensitivity of the numerical simulations of the radioactive 137Cs contamination of Ukraine caused by the Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986 to the input meteorological data. The atmospheric transport, dispersion, and deposition (dry scavenging and rain washout) of the radioactive aerosols was simulated using the CALPUFF dispersion model. The source parameterization of the 137Cs emissions during the active phase of the catastrophe (26 April—May 5 of 1986) was adopted from the previously published literature results. Seventeen different versions/realizations of the input meteorology for CALPUFF simulations were prepared with the regional prognostic meteorological model WRF by combining the available global atmospheric reanalyses for 1986 (NNRP, ERA-Interim, ERA5, CFSR) and the model’s physical parameterizations (microphysics, radiation processes, boundary/surface layer physics). The assessment of the simulation uncertainty was carried out in two different ways. In the first approach, the uncertainty was estimated as the width of the distribution of the calculated 137Cs surface concentrations (adjusted to the logarithmic scale), which were obtained with different versions of the input meteorology. The second approach was based on the statistical comparison of the calculated 137Cs contaminations and the corresponding measured values obtained during a complex assessment of the aftermath of the disaster made at the beginning of 1990s. Two statistical metrics were used: the geometric mean bias and the geometric mean variance. The results of our study demonstrate that even when using somewhat unified meteorological data (atmospheric reanalysis), the results of the radioactive contamination calculations at the same spatial locations can differ by several orders of magnitude. We find that the uncertainty depends not only on the distance to the source of the emissions but also on the physical mechanism (wet or dry deposition) responsible for the formation of the local contamination","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42679282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-14DOI: 10.24028/gj.v45i2.278328
S. Boychenko, N. Maidanovych
The spatial variation of temperature is found to depend linearly on climate continentality, morphology of the relief, the position of the site with respect to seas, in addition to the usual elevation, latitude and longitude predictors. There are other factors that can have an additional significant influence: big bodies of water, terrain attributes relief, atmospheric factors (local circulation), configuration and aspect of coasts and vegetation. Therefore, these multifactorial influences form the climatic field of temperature. In this study, the regional semi—empirical model of the spatiotemporal distribution of the average annual and monthly temperature for the plain part of Ukraine on the basis of the methodology for assessing the influence of height above sea level and geographic coordinates is proposed. Based on the method for determining the altitudinal, latitudinal, and longitudinal gradients of meteorological parameters, we calculated these gradients for annual and monthly air surface temperature for the periods 1961—1990 and 1991—2020. Thus, on the plain part of Ukraine, the annual surface air temperature decreases by an average on 0.60—0.63 °C with a shift of 100 m height above sea level, on 0.51—0.55 °C with a shift of one latitude degree to the north, on 0.067—0.071 °C with a shift of one longitude degree to the east. Also, the variations of these annual mean temperature gradients from year to year over the period 1991—2020 are characteristic. The seasonal variation of gradients has a pronounced non—monotonic character: highest values of altitudinal gradientare typical for July—August (from –0.63 to –0.73 °C per 100 m), and the lowest values — for April—May (from –0.45 to –0.55 °C per 100 m); highest values of latitudinal gradient are typical for August—September (from –0.60 to –0.70 °С per 1 °N), and the lowest values — for April—May (from –0.20 to –0.35 °С per 1° N); the longitudinal gradients have positive values in June—August (0.074—0.128 °C per 1° E), and negative values in November—March (from –0.228 to –0.154 °C per 1° E). We found that the altitudinal and latitudinal gradients of temperature have the most spatiotemporal variability and the longitudinal gradient has the smallest one. Greatest variabilities of temperature gradient values are typical for February—March and July—September, and the least variability — for April—May. The analysis of the dynamics of gradient changes in the period 1991—2020 compared to the period 1961—1991 showed the following: the altitudinal gradientvalues increased by 8—13 %. in January and March—May; the latitudinal gradient values increased by ~30 % in December—February and decreased by ~20 % in May—August. The proposed semi—empirical model contains a coefficient that takes into account influence of additional effects associated with pronounced orographic and other terrain features. This study presents the numerical values of this coefficient for some specific microclimate regions of the p
{"title":"Semi-empirical model of the spatiotemporal surface temperature distribution on the plain part of Ukraine","authors":"S. Boychenko, N. Maidanovych","doi":"10.24028/gj.v45i2.278328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v45i2.278328","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial variation of temperature is found to depend linearly on climate continentality, morphology of the relief, the position of the site with respect to seas, in addition to the usual elevation, latitude and longitude predictors. There are other factors that can have an additional significant influence: big bodies of water, terrain attributes relief, atmospheric factors (local circulation), configuration and aspect of coasts and vegetation. Therefore, these multifactorial influences form the climatic field of temperature. \u0000In this study, the regional semi—empirical model of the spatiotemporal distribution of the average annual and monthly temperature for the plain part of Ukraine on the basis of the methodology for assessing the influence of height above sea level and geographic coordinates is proposed. Based on the method for determining the altitudinal, latitudinal, and longitudinal gradients of meteorological parameters, we calculated these gradients for annual and monthly air surface temperature for the periods 1961—1990 and 1991—2020. \u0000Thus, on the plain part of Ukraine, the annual surface air temperature decreases by an average on 0.60—0.63 °C with a shift of 100 m height above sea level, on 0.51—0.55 °C with a shift of one latitude degree to the north, on 0.067—0.071 °C with a shift of one longitude degree to the east. Also, the variations of these annual mean temperature gradients from year to year over the period 1991—2020 are characteristic. \u0000The seasonal variation of gradients has a pronounced non—monotonic character: highest values of altitudinal gradientare typical for July—August (from –0.63 to –0.73 °C per 100 m), and the lowest values — for April—May (from –0.45 to –0.55 °C per 100 m); highest values of latitudinal gradient are typical for August—September (from –0.60 to –0.70 °С per 1 °N), and the lowest values — for April—May (from –0.20 to –0.35 °С per 1° N); the longitudinal gradients have positive values in June—August (0.074—0.128 °C per 1° E), and negative values in November—March (from –0.228 to –0.154 °C per 1° E). \u0000We found that the altitudinal and latitudinal gradients of temperature have the most spatiotemporal variability and the longitudinal gradient has the smallest one. Greatest variabilities of temperature gradient values are typical for February—March and July—September, and the least variability — for April—May. \u0000The analysis of the dynamics of gradient changes in the period 1991—2020 compared to the period 1961—1991 showed the following: the altitudinal gradientvalues increased by 8—13 %. in January and March—May; the latitudinal gradient values increased by ~30 % in December—February and decreased by ~20 % in May—August. \u0000The proposed semi—empirical model contains a coefficient that takes into account influence of additional effects associated with pronounced orographic and other terrain features. This study presents the numerical values of this coefficient for some specific microclimate regions of the p","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45068996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-14DOI: 10.24028/gj.v45i2.278337
O. Gintov, S. Mychak, O. Usenko, O.E. Lazarenko
The materials of several articles and reports published in 2022 by the authors of this work and V.P. Kirilyuk (Kirilyuk, 2022 a,b), who discussed the structure and stratigraphy of the Вug area granulite complex of the Ukrainian Shield. The authors, relying on their geological, geophysical and geochemical studies, isotopic geochronology data, as well as on the world experience in studying the Early Precambrian complexes of the Canadian and Australian shields, argue that during 3.8—1.7 Ga, the Bug area granulite complex underwent at least a threefold structural metamorphic processing. Its modern structural plan, as well as, to a large extent, the composition and structural and textural features of metamorphic rocks, are of Early Proterozoic age. Therefore, its division into suites of primary sedimentary-volcanogenic rocks and their vertical distribution by age does not make sense. Only a division into two series is possible — the Dniester-Bug and the Bug, between which there is a tectonic contact. Contrary to this, V.P. Kirilyuk, relying on the experience of his stratigenic-metamorphogenic studies and the authority of the well-known school of L.I. Salopa, E.M. Lazko et al., defends the point of view on the stratigenic nature of the Bug area granulite complex, in which the primacy and stability of the position of strata-formations relative to each other were preserved throughout the entire time. According to V.P. Kirilyuk, there are no breaks and disagreements between the suites, so he proposes to abandon the identification of the early Precambrian USh Bug Group. And the seven suites identified by him, the youngest of which is 3.8 billion years old, are proposed to be attributed to a single Dniester-Bug series. The authors of both alternative points of view apply to the National Stratigraphic Committee of Ukraine with a proposal to revise the stratigraphic scheme of the Early Precambrian of the USh.
{"title":"Concerning the discussion about the Bug series of the Middle Bug (Ukrainian shield)","authors":"O. Gintov, S. Mychak, O. Usenko, O.E. Lazarenko","doi":"10.24028/gj.v45i2.278337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v45i2.278337","url":null,"abstract":"The materials of several articles and reports published in 2022 by the authors of this work and V.P. Kirilyuk (Kirilyuk, 2022 a,b), who discussed the structure and stratigraphy of the Вug area granulite complex of the Ukrainian Shield. The authors, relying on their geological, geophysical and geochemical studies, isotopic geochronology data, as well as on the world experience in studying the Early Precambrian complexes of the Canadian and Australian shields, argue that during 3.8—1.7 Ga, the Bug area granulite complex underwent at least a threefold structural metamorphic processing. Its modern structural plan, as well as, to a large extent, the composition and structural and textural features of metamorphic rocks, are of Early Proterozoic age. Therefore, its division into suites of primary sedimentary-volcanogenic rocks and their vertical distribution by age does not make sense. Only a division into two series is possible — the Dniester-Bug and the Bug, between which there is a tectonic contact. Contrary to this, V.P. Kirilyuk, relying on the experience of his stratigenic-metamorphogenic studies and the authority of the well-known school of L.I. Salopa, E.M. Lazko et al., defends the point of view on the stratigenic nature of the Bug area granulite complex, in which the primacy and stability of the position of strata-formations relative to each other were preserved throughout the entire time. According to V.P. Kirilyuk, there are no breaks and disagreements between the suites, so he proposes to abandon the identification of the early Precambrian USh Bug Group. And the seven suites identified by him, the youngest of which is 3.8 billion years old, are proposed to be attributed to a single Dniester-Bug series. The authors of both alternative points of view apply to the National Stratigraphic Committee of Ukraine with a proposal to revise the stratigraphic scheme of the Early Precambrian of the USh.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45260399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-14DOI: 10.24028/gj.v45i2.278334
Y. Roganov, A. Stovas, V. Roganov
The position of singular lines for orthorhombic (ORT) media with fixed diagonal elements of the elasticity matrix cij, i=1…6 is studied under the condition that c11, c22, c33>c66>c44>c55. In this case, the off-diagonal coefficients of the elasticity matrix c12, c13, c23 are chosen so that some of the values of d12=c12+c66, d13=c13+c55, d23=c23+c44 are zero. For orthorhombic medium, where the only one of d12, d13, d23 is zero, contains only singular points in the planes of symmetry. If two or all three dij are zero, then the ORT medium contains singular lines and discrete singular points. We call such media pathological. A degenerate ORT medium with positive d12, d13, d23 has at most two singular lines, which are the intersection of a quadratic cone with a sphere. The pathological media may have up to 6 singular lines on the surface of the slowness. Singular lines for pathological media are described by more complex equations than conventional degenerate ORT models. The article proposes to using squares x, y, z of the components of the slowness vector in the equations. In a new coordinate system, equations defining singular lines for pathological media become linear or quadratic. Intersecting with the plane x+y+z =1, they define the straight lines, ellipses, or hyperbolas. If non-zero values d12, d13, d23 increase, the singular lines pass through four fixed points on the plane x+y+z =1, which makes it possible to describe the evolution of their change. Conditions are derived under which the singular curves of pathological ORT models are limiting the singular curves for degenerate ORT models with positive values of d12, d13, d23. Formulas are derived for transforming surfaces of slowness and singular lines of pathological media into the region of group velocities. The results are demonstrated with examples of pathological models obtained from the standard model of the ORT medium by changing the elasticity coefficients c12, c13, c23 so that some of the values d12, d13, d23 are zero
{"title":"Properties of singular points in a special case of orthorhombic media","authors":"Y. Roganov, A. Stovas, V. Roganov","doi":"10.24028/gj.v45i2.278334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24028/gj.v45i2.278334","url":null,"abstract":"The position of singular lines for orthorhombic (ORT) media with fixed diagonal elements of the elasticity matrix cij, i=1…6 is studied under the condition that c11, c22, c33>c66>c44>c55. In this case, the off-diagonal coefficients of the elasticity matrix c12, c13, c23 are chosen so that some of the values of d12=c12+c66, d13=c13+c55, d23=c23+c44 are zero. For orthorhombic medium, where the only one of d12, d13, d23 is zero, contains only singular points in the planes of symmetry. If two or all three dij are zero, then the ORT medium contains singular lines and discrete singular points. We call such media pathological. A degenerate ORT medium with positive d12, d13, d23 has at most two singular lines, which are the intersection of a quadratic cone with a sphere. The pathological media may have up to 6 singular lines on the surface of the slowness. Singular lines for pathological media are described by more complex equations than conventional degenerate ORT models. The article proposes to using squares x, y, z of the components of the slowness vector in the equations. In a new coordinate system, equations defining singular lines for pathological media become linear or quadratic. Intersecting with the plane x+y+z =1, they define the straight lines, ellipses, or hyperbolas. If non-zero values d12, d13, d23 increase, the singular lines pass through four fixed points on the plane x+y+z =1, which makes it possible to describe the evolution of their change. Conditions are derived under which the singular curves of pathological ORT models are limiting the singular curves for degenerate ORT models with positive values of d12, d13, d23. Formulas are derived for transforming surfaces of slowness and singular lines of pathological media into the region of group velocities. The results are demonstrated with examples of pathological models obtained from the standard model of the ORT medium by changing the elasticity coefficients c12, c13, c23 so that some of the values d12, d13, d23 are zero","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45061283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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