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Identification of geological faults by geophysical methods for risk assessment in underground mining 利用地球物理方法识别地质断层进行地下开采风险评估
IF 0.5 Q4 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.24028/gj.v44i6.273645
O.V. Sukhinina
High-accuracy prediction of geological faults, especially small-amplitude tectonic faults, is essential for an efficient and safe underground mining. Having such information about the location of tectonic faults in the rock mass reduces the likelihood of rock collapse and outburst, gas explosion, and water breakthrough during the mining operations. Modeling of the tectonic structure of the rock mass based on the data from the exploratory drilling and ground geophysical observations is of crucial importance to the extraction of mineral raw materials. Typically, in the areas of mineral extraction, tectonic faults in the rock mass are well studied using these data, but the predicted faults are represented by simplified imaginary surfaces that separate different structural parts of the rock mass and are not normally found by mining in such a form.The actual structure of tectonic faults is revealed in the course of mining, but the use of seismic survey is required for further prediction of such faults. The experience of applying these methods is shown in the examples of studies of tectonic faults of coal seams in the Donbass mines during the period from 2008 to 2012.To illustrate the capabilities of underground and surface 2D seismic surveys to accurately predict the location of faults, a site was chosen at the Dneprovskaya mine, which is characterized by the most amount of data collected from exploration drilling and geophysical methods. Also, in contrast to the mining practice when the coal seams areas are discarded based on the results of research due to difficult geological conditions or are not documented by geologists in the process of panel mining, this specific area is distinguished by the completeness of mapping of real faults exposed by mining operations. Predictions of faults obtained by preliminary and CDP seismic surveys are compared with the real faults exposed by mining operations.An example of research at the Krasnolimanskaya mine shown in this paper is among a few isolated cases utilizing 3D CDP seismic survey at mines. The results of the prediction of tectonic faults and the specifics of data processing and interpretation are examined.The research results considered in this paper can be used for further development of seismic survey methods for high-accuracy prediction of geological faults.
地质断层,特别是小幅度构造断层的高精度预测,对于高效、安全的地下开采至关重要。掌握这些关于岩体中构造断层位置的信息可以降低采矿作业中岩石坍塌和突出、气体爆炸和水侵的可能性。根据勘探钻探和地面地球物理观测的数据对岩体的构造结构建模对矿物原材料的提取至关重要。通常,在矿产开采区,利用这些数据对岩体中的构造断层进行了很好的研究,但预测的断层是用简化的假想面表示的,这些假想面将岩体的不同结构部分分开,通常不会以这种形式开采。构造断层的实际结构在开采过程中被揭示,但是需要使用地震勘测来进一步预测这种断层。应用这些方法的经验体现在2008年至2012年期间对顿巴斯煤矿煤层构造断层的研究实例中。为了说明地下和地表2D地震勘测准确预测断层位置的能力,在第聂伯罗夫斯卡亚煤矿选择了一个地点,其特征在于从勘探钻探和地球物理方法收集的数据量最大。此外,与采矿实践不同的是,由于地质条件困难,根据研究结果丢弃煤层区域,或者地质学家在面板采矿过程中没有记录煤层区域,这一特定区域的区别在于采矿作业暴露的真实断层图的完整性。通过初步和CDP地震勘探获得的断层预测与采矿作业暴露的真实断层进行了比较。本文所示的克拉斯诺利曼斯卡亚矿山的一个研究实例是在矿山使用3D CDP地震勘测的少数孤立案例之一。对构造断层的预测结果以及数据处理和解释的细节进行了检验。本文的研究成果可用于进一步发展地质断层高精度预测的地震勘探方法。
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引用次数: 0
National seismological bulletin of Ukraine for 2021 2021年乌克兰国家地震公报
IF 0.5 Q4 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.24028/gj.v44i6.273649
Yuliana Andruschenko, O. I. Liaschuk, L. Farfuliak, T. Amashukeli, O.Z. Haniiev, V. Osadchyi, K. Petrenko, S. Verbytskyi
The National System of seismic observations of Ukraine has accumulated a network of observation seismicpoints the joint management of the S.I. Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Main Special Monitoring Center of the State Space Agency of Ukraine. The two institutions together established a joint National database in which the observations are collected, processed and analyzed. Alongside live updates, the data are systematized as seismological bulletins an earthquake catalogs.According to the data, in Ukraine and the nearby countries there happened in 2021 over one hundred fifty earthquakes. Most of them occurred in the deep-focus Vrancea region (Romania). The maximum recorded magnitude was 4.6; the earthquakes in the nearby countries were local in scope and had no significant effect on the seismicity in Ukraine. The largest earthquake in Ukraine (t0=03:18:04; φ=48.87 °N; λ=25.68 °E; h=6 km; mb=4.3) occurred on September 23 in the Ternopil region.In Ukraine, most epicenters of the recorded earthquakes lie in the Volyn-Podillya area and the Forecarpathian fold at the edge of the Folded Carpathians. In the Crimean-Black Sea region, there was weak seismicity with earthquake epicenters concentrated in the sea.The Seismological bulletin of Ukraine contains detailed information on all seismic events which happened in Ukraine, Romania, Poland, Moldova, Slovakia, Hungary, and Belarus.
乌克兰国家地震观测系统积累了一个由乌克兰国家科学院苏博京地球物理研究所和乌克兰国家航天局主要特别监测中心共同管理的观测地震点网络。这两个机构共同建立了一个联合国家数据库,收集、处理和分析观测结果。除了实时更新外,这些数据还被系统化为地震公报和地震目录。根据数据,乌克兰和附近国家在2021年发生了150多次地震。其中大部分发生在深焦区弗朗西亚地区(罗马尼亚)。记录的最大震级为4.6级;附近国家的地震是局部范围的,对乌克兰的地震活动没有显著影响。乌克兰最大的地震(03:18:04;φ= 48.87°N;λ= 25.68°E;h = 6公里;9月23日在捷尔诺波尔地区发生了mb=4.3)。在乌克兰,记录到的大多数地震震中位于沃林-波季里亚地区和喀尔巴阡褶皱边缘的前喀尔巴阡褶皱。在克里米亚-黑海地区,地震活动性弱,震中集中在海上。乌克兰地震学公报包含发生在乌克兰、罗马尼亚、波兰、摩尔多瓦、斯洛伐克、匈牙利和白俄罗斯的所有地震事件的详细信息。
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引用次数: 0
Donbas conductivity anomaly in the Karpinsky Swell 卡尔平斯基隆起的顿巴斯电导率异常
IF 0.5 Q4 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.24028/gj.v44i6.273642
I. Rokityansky, A. Tereshyn
Donbas Foldbelt (DF) and Karpinsky Swell (KS) are contiguous parts of a system of elongated sedimentary basins forming lineament from Poland through Pripyat Trough in Belarus, the Dnieper-Donets Basin (DDB) and DF in Ukraine, KS in Russia, across the Caspian Sea, through Mangyshlak in Turanian plate in Asia. In DF, the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments were raised, and subsequent erosion exposed the Carboniferous coal-bearing strata. In contrast to DF, the Paleozoic rocks in KS are covered by 1—3 km thick sediments of Mesozoic-Cenozoic age; productive structures of the earlier age cannot be confidently studied in KS by geological methods. So, geophysical methods are the promising approach for the KS deep structure studies.This work is devoted to electromagnetic (EM) studies of the electrical conductivity of rocks by the methods of magnetic variation profiling (MVP) and magnetotelluric sounding (MTS). Previously [Rokityansky, Tereshyn, 2022], we described the results of the EM research on DF in detail. MVP reveals the intense Donbas electrical Conductivity Anomaly (DCA) running along the main anticline of the folded Donbas. DCA parameters: maximum possible depth of the anomalous currents center h=18±2 km. Frequency response maximum Т0≈3600 s yields the total longitudinal conductance G=(8±2)∙108 S∙m. 70 MTS at periods 0.1—3000 s yield two conductive stripes, with the upper edge varying from 0.3 to 5 km. The stripes are parallel to the DCA axis and are considered as part of DCA. A very large value of G suggests that the anomalous body extends to some considerable depth. The DCA axis spatially coincides with an intense (up to 90 mW/m2) deep heat flow anomaly. Thus, the nature of the DCA lower part can be a partial melting. Theoretical estimates show that intense anomalous fields of geomagnetic variations arise over highly elongated conductors. Therefore, there is reason to expect that the anomaly continues eastward. We found two MTS profiles crossing the Karpinsky swell, and under both profiles strong conductivity anomalies are clearly seen. We re-interpreted original data and presented parameters of all 3 anomalies in an identical style. The main conclusion: the anomaly parameters on the three profiles are approximately the same, and one can assume with a high probability the existence of a single anomaly of electrical conductivity in the Donbas and Karpinsky Swell with a common length of more than 500 km and longitudinal conductance G≈8×108 S×m.
顿巴斯Foldbelt(DF)和Karpinsky Swell(KS)是一个细长沉积盆地系统的连续部分,从波兰穿过白俄罗斯的普里皮亚季海槽、第聂伯河-顿涅茨盆地(DDB)和乌克兰的DF、俄罗斯的KS,穿过里海,穿过亚洲图拉尼亚板块的Mangyshlak,形成线性构造。在DF中,中新生代沉积物隆起,随后的侵蚀暴露出石炭系含煤地层。与DF相反,KS的古生代岩石被1-3公里厚的中新生代沉积物覆盖;在堪萨斯州,早期的生产结构无法通过地质方法进行可靠的研究。因此,地球物理方法是KS深部构造研究的一种很有前途的方法。这项工作致力于通过磁变剖面(MVP)和大地电磁测深(MTS)的方法对岩石电导率进行电磁(EM)研究。之前【Rokityansky,Tereshyn,2022】,我们详细描述了DF的EM研究结果。MVP揭示了沿褶皱顿巴斯主背斜的强烈的顿巴斯电导率异常(DCA)。DCA参数:异常电流中心的最大可能深度h=18±2km。频率响应最大值Т0≈3600 s产生总纵向电导G=(8±2)∙108 s∙m。70 MTS在0.1-3000 s的周期内产生两个导电条纹,上边缘从0.3到5km不等。条纹平行于DCA轴,被视为DCA的一部分。非常大的G值表明异常体延伸到了相当大的深度。DCA轴在空间上与强烈(高达90mW/m2)的深层热流异常一致。因此,DCA下部的性质可以是部分熔化。理论估计表明,地磁变化的强烈异常场出现在高度细长的导体上。因此,有理由预计这种异常现象会继续向东发展。我们发现两个MTS剖面穿过Karpinsky涌浪,在这两个剖面下都可以清楚地看到强烈的电导率异常。我们重新解释了原始数据,并以相同的风格呈现了所有3个异常的参数。主要结论:三个剖面上的异常参数大致相同,可以很高概率地假设在顿巴斯和卡平斯基隆起存在一个电导率异常,其共同长度超过500km,纵向电导率G≈8×108S×m。
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引用次数: 0
Three-dimensional density model of the sedimentary filling of the Carpathian-Pannonian region 喀尔巴阡—潘诺尼亚地区沉积充填体的三维密度模型
IF 0.5 Q4 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.24028/gj.v44i6.273639
I. Makarenko, M. Bielik, V. Starostenko, Ya. Dererova, O. Savchenko, O. Legostaeva
The work is devoted to the construction and calculations of a three-dimensional density model of the sedimentary filling of the Carpathian-Pannonian region in order to obtain a more detailed map of the residual gravity field (stripped gravity map). This research was facilitated by and in-depth analysis of a large amount of data highlighting the density properties of Neogene-Quaternary deposits (the Pannonian Basin, the Transylvanian Depression, the Transcarpathian Trough), molasse deposits of the Carpathian Foredeep and flysch deposits of the Outer Carpathians in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, and Ukraine. Basic data for the construction of a three-dimensional density model of sedimentary deposits were obtained from laboratory studies of rock samples from drill core logging and deep exploratory wells, as well as rock samples taken from numerous outcrops in the research region. The average value of the density for molasse and flysch deposits of the Romanian part of the Carpathians was estimated based on the results of comparing the lithologic-stratigraphic complexes of these deposits in the adjacent areas of the eastern part of the Ukrainian Carpathians with similar ones in the Romanian Eastern Carpathians and the analysis of available data on the density of the Carpathian Foredeep and the Outer Flysch Carpathians for the Ukrainian part. The research method, which is a modification of geological reduction, has been applied in the work. Its essence consists of the sequential calculation and extraction of the three-dimensional gravity effect of sedimentary layers, the parameterization of which is better defined than those layers that lie deeper, from the anomalous gravity field. As a result, a residual gravity field is formed due to deep inhomogeneities associated with the consolidated part of the crust and the upper mantle. Calculations of gravity effects were carried out on a scale of 1:4,000,000 on a 10—10 km grid using the modern GMT-Auto. The detailed map of the residual (cleared of the effects of sedimentary layers) gravity field of the Carpathian-Pannonian region (stripped gravity map) is an effective tool in understanding the sources of the dominant gravity features of the studied region. Thus, the Pannonian Basin manifests itself as a general maximum with a number of local positive anomalies (more than 50 mGal), which are observed over small depressions filled with low-density thick sedimentary deposits: the Danube, Solnok, Makó, Békés Basins, and the Transcarpathian Trough. The phenomenon of positive and not negative values of the residual gravity field for these structures can be explained by the intrusion of the sedimentary cover of volcanic rocks, or the presence of high-density bodies with a special petrophysical composition (metamorphic complexes?) in the consolidated part of the crust. Another reason may be the effect of the regional background, which is due to the rise of Moho boundary in the Pannonian Basin to 24—26 km. The
本文致力于喀尔巴阡—潘诺尼亚地区沉积充填体的三维密度模型的构建和计算,以获得更详细的残余重力场图(剥离重力场图)。对捷克共和国、斯洛伐克、波兰和乌克兰的新第三系-第四纪沉积(潘诺尼亚盆地、特兰西瓦尼亚坳陷、外喀尔巴阡海槽)、喀尔巴阡前深的molasse沉积和外喀尔巴阡的复理石沉积的密度特征进行了深入分析,为本研究提供了便利。构建沉积矿床三维密度模型的基础数据来自于岩心测井和深探井的岩样实验室研究,以及研究区大量露头的岩样。根据乌克兰喀尔巴阡山脉东部邻近地区的这些矿床的岩性-地层复合体与罗马尼亚东喀尔巴阡山脉的类似矿床的对比结果,以及对乌克兰喀尔巴阡山脉前深和外喀尔巴阡山脉密度的现有数据的分析,估计了喀尔巴阡山脉罗马尼亚部分的molasse和flysch矿床密度的平均值。该研究方法是对地质还原的一种修正,已在工作中得到应用。其实质是逐次计算和提取沉积层的三维重力效应,沉积层的参数化比较深的沉积层更好。结果,由于地壳固结部分和上地幔的深层不均匀性,形成了残余重力场。使用现代GMT-Auto在10-10公里网格上以1:40万的比例进行重力效应计算。廓尔巴阡—潘诺尼亚地区残余重力场详图(剥离重力场图)是认识研究区主要重力特征来源的有效工具。因此,潘诺尼亚盆地表现为一个普遍的最大值,有许多局部正异常(超过50 mGal),这些异常在充满低密度厚沉积的小洼地上观察到:多瑙河、索尔诺克、Makó、bsamksams盆地和跨喀尔巴阡海槽。这些构造的残余重力场为正值而非负值的现象可以解释为火山岩沉积盖层的侵入,或地壳固结部分存在具有特殊岩石物理成分(变质杂岩?)的高密度体。另一个原因可能是区域背景的影响,这是由于潘诺尼亚盆地的莫霍边界上升到24-26 km。西喀尔巴阡山脉的重力极小值在异常重力场地图上分为南北两部分,反映在一个强烈的极小值上,即南部(-60 mGal)。经沉积充填重力效应计算,该重力极小值的北部基本平整,可以推测其来源为低密度复理石和糖蜜矿床。西喀尔巴阡山脉重力极小期的南部可以用地壳固结部分的质量亏缺来解释。自引力的强度低的东部(-80毫伽)和南部(-100毫伽)喀尔巴阡山还能保持高的层沉积的影响存款,可以预料,他们不仅是由于低的沉积物密度值外喀尔巴阡山和喀尔巴阡山脉的前渊,但另外也由于重力影响的合并部分地壳深的非均质性(地壳根)。
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引用次数: 0
Paleotemperature reconstructions based on vitrinite thermometry data (on the example of the Upper Paleozoic deposits of the Dnieper-Donets depression and the adjacent margins of the Donbas) 基于镜质组测温资料的古地温重建(以第聂伯-顿涅茨凹陷及顿巴斯边缘上古生界沉积为例)
IF 0.5 Q4 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.24028/gj.v44i5.272334
A. Ivanova, V. Gavryltsev
The article is devoted to paleotemperature reconstructions based on the data on the reflectance of the vitrinite of coal organic matter in the Upper Paleozoic deposits of the Don-Dnieper trough (within the Dnieper-Donets depression and adjacent parts of the Donbas). It is builds on earlier work on reconstructing the paleogeothermal regime by establishing paleogeothermal gradients and amplitudes of vertical displacements of rock massifs. Paleogeothermal indicators are associated with the geodynamic setting of the subsoil, which determines the intensity and nature of the distribution of heat sources, geological development, and features of the tectonic structure of the region. Based on the results, a map of the distribution of paleotemperatures at a depth of 3 km was constructed. An analysis of the changes and patterns in the distribution of paleotemperatures makes it possible to reveal the role of volcanism, deep faults geodynamics, and lithospheric parameters in the thermal history of the region, as well as to evaluate its thermal field evolution. The presented map, along with the previously published maps of the paleogeothermal gradients and amplitudes of vertical displacements of rock massifs, can be used to demonstrate the features and patterns of the regional distribution of the indicated parameters. It could become a powerful tool in the study of the tectonic and geothermal history of the region.
本文根据顿河-第聂伯河海槽(顿河-顿涅茨凹陷及其邻近地区)上古生界煤有机质镜质组反射率资料进行了古地温重建。它是建立在早期通过建立古地温梯度和岩体垂直位移振幅重建古地热制度的基础上的。古地热指标与底土的地球动力背景有关,决定了该地区热源分布的强度和性质、地质发育和构造构造特征。在此基础上,绘制了3 km深度古地温分布图。分析古地温的变化和分布规律,可以揭示火山作用、深断裂地球动力学和岩石圈参数在该地区热史中的作用,并评价其热场演化。所呈现的地图,连同先前发表的古地温梯度和岩体垂直位移幅值的地图,可以用来展示所示参数的区域分布的特征和模式。它可以成为研究该地区构造和地热历史的有力工具。
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引用次数: 0
The manifestations of modern degassing in the heat flow and deep structure (on the example of Lohvytsky block of Dnieper-Donetsk basin) 现代脱气在热流和深层结构中的表现(以第聂伯河-顿涅茨克盆地的Lohvytsky区块为例)
IF 0.5 Q4 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.24028/gj.v44i5.272327
O. Usenko, A. Usenko
The article contains heat flow calculations in the Lokhvytsky block and a scheme of the distribution of heat flow. We found the dependence of heat flow distribution with zones of activated deep faults of the crystal basement, sedimentary cover of Sribnenska depression and its surroundings. At the borders of Lokhvytsky block the heat flow in the area changes only a little, staying close to the average value — 40 mWt/m2. At all deposits the gradient increases by 20—30 °С/m, which happens at the intersection of tectonic, stratigraphic and lithological borders, which in many cases control the location of hydrocarbon deposits as well. Changes of temperature and composition of waters at the depth where the gradient jumps let us assume that their reason is modern hydrothermal activity. To find its manifestations, we incorporated geophysical research that determined the fault zones and zones of decompression, to which hydrocarbon deposits tend. The connection between thermal water discharge zones and faults is confirmed by their enrichment with hydrogen, helium, and the presence of native metal particles. Fault zones, which limit the Sribnenska depression and the Kherson—Smolensk transregional tectonic seam are shown at the crust structure, established by a two-dimensional speed model of seismic Р waves in the Еarth’s crust (GEORIFT 2013 profile). The results of seismotomographic research show the complex structure of the mantle, directly under the study area. Geophysical data demonstrate that faults manifested in the crystalline basement and sedimentary strata control the location of high-velocity blocks in the crust. The continuation of faults to the boundary of the crust and mantle is unquestionable. The inhomogeneities of the structure of the upper mantle and the transition layer, reflected in the seismotomographic model, can be traced directly under the Sribne depression to the lower mantle. This allows us to assume, as a working hypothesis, the existence of a chain of geodynamic processes that are manifested on the surface in hydrothermal activity.
本文介绍了Lokhvytsky区块的热流计算和热流分布方案。我们发现热流分布与晶体基底的激活深断层带、斯里布嫩斯卡凹陷的沉积盖层及其周围环境有关。在Lokhvytsky区块的边界处,该区域的热流变化很小,接近平均值——40 mWt/m2。在所有矿床中,梯度都增加了20-30°С/m,这发生在构造、地层和岩性边界的交叉点,在许多情况下,这也控制了碳氢化合物矿床的位置。在梯度跳跃的深度,温度和水成分的变化让我们假设它们的原因是现代热液活动。为了找到它的表现,我们结合了地球物理研究,确定了断层带和减压带,碳氢化合物沉积倾向于这些区域。热水排放带和断层之间的联系通过其富含氢气、氦气和天然金属颗粒的存在得到了证实。地壳结构中显示了限制斯里布嫩斯卡凹陷和赫尔松-斯摩棱斯克跨区域构造缝的断层带,该断层带是通过地球地壳中地震Р波的二维速度模型建立的(GEORIFT 2013剖面)。地震层析成像研究结果表明,研究区正下方的地幔结构复杂。地球物理数据表明,结晶基底和沉积地层中的断层控制着地壳中高速块体的位置。断层一直延伸到地壳和地幔的边界是毫无疑问的。地震层析成像模型中反映的上地幔和过渡层结构的不均匀性,可以直接在斯里布内凹陷下追踪到下地幔。这使我们能够假设,作为一种有效的假设,存在一系列地球动力学过程,这些过程在热液活动的表面上表现出来。
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引用次数: 0
Article 2. Structural position of suites and strata of the “Bug series” 第二条。“Bug系列”套层构造位置
Q4 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.24028/gj.v44i5.272337
V.P. Kyrylyuk
The name “Bug Series” was introduced into the Precambrian stratigraphic scheme of the Ukrainian Shield more than half a century ago. During this period, ideas about the composition and age of the series changed several times, but at the same time, until recently, the opinion of various studies about its stratigenic nature remained unchanged. In recent years, a number of publications have appeared in which other views on the origin of the “Bug series” are expressed. Initially, they concerned only individual petrographic groups, such as carbonate and magnetite-bearing rocks, which were attributed to endogenous (magmatic) origin. Later, an opinion was expressed about the nonstratigenic origin of the entire “Bug Series”, and some authors propose to abandon the dismemberment of the Early Precambrian granulite complexes into suites altogether. These ideas are based only on the materials of the study of local objects obtained by drilling and geophysical methods, and they do not take into account the results of regional geological and stratigraphic studies. Simultaneously with new ideas about the genesis of the “Bug series”, an attempt is being made to link its origin with faults and to revise its age. In order to discuss the problem of the “Bug series”, a series of publications has been prepared, presenting the main generalizations of many years of regional geological and thematic studies on the composition, structure, stratigraphic and structural position of the units belonging to the “Bug series”. The cycle consists of three separate articles. The first article characterizes the composition of subdivisions and rock associations included in the “Bug series” in the current Precambrian stratigraphic scheme of the Ukrainian Shield. In this second article of the cycle, ideas about the structural position of the “Bug series” and its subdivisions are considered. For a long time there was an opinion that the “Bug series” performed synclines “superimposed” on the ancient foundation. These ideas we-re convincingly refuted more than half a century ago on the example of the stratotype section of the Bug series in the area of Zavallia [Vinogradov, 1970], but sometimes some researchers still adhere to them. The data presented in this article indicate that all units that now belong to the “Bug series” are suites and strata that are part of a single Bug Area granulite complex and occupy a clearly defined stratigraphic and structural position in its section. Ideas about the connection of the “Bug series” with “superimposed” synclines or faults do not have any reliable justification.
半个多世纪以前,“虫系”这个名称被引入到乌克兰地盾的前寒武纪地层方案中。在此期间,关于本系列的构成和年龄改变了好几次,但与此同时,直到最近,各种研究的观点对其stratigenic性质保持不变。近年来,出现了一些出版物,其中表达了对“Bug系列”起源的其他观点。最初,他们只关注单独的岩石组,如碳酸盐和含磁铁矿的岩石,这些岩石被认为是内生的(岩浆)成因。后来,人们对整个“虫系”的非地层成因提出了看法,并有作者提出放弃将早前寒武纪麻粒岩杂岩体分拆成套的观点。这些想法只是基于本地对象的材料研究的钻探和物探方法,获得的,他们不考虑区域地质和地层研究的结果。与此同时,人们对“Bug系列”的起源有了新的认识,试图将其起源与断层联系起来,并修正其年龄。为了讨论“布格系列”问题,编写了一系列出版物,介绍了多年来关于“布格系列”单元的组成、构造、地层和构造位置的区域地质和专题研究的主要概况。这个周期由三个单独的文章组成。第一篇文章描述了乌克兰地盾当前前寒武纪地层方案中“Bug系列”中包含的细分和岩石组合的组成。在这个周期的第二篇文章中,我们将考虑“Bug系列”的结构位置及其细分。很长一段时间有一个观点,“虫系列”执行向斜“叠加”在古代的基础上。这些观点早在半个多世纪前就以Zavallia地区的Bug系列的层型剖面为例被令人信服地驳倒了[Vinogradov, 1970],但有时一些研究人员仍然坚持这些观点。本文所提供的资料表明,目前属于“Bug系列”的所有单元都是属于单个Bug区麻粒岩杂岩的套层和地层,在其剖面上具有明确的地层和构造位置。关于“Bug系列”与“叠加”向斜或断层的联系的想法没有任何可靠的理由。
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 In order to discuss the problem of the “Bug series”, a series of publications has been prepared, presenting the main generalizations of many years of regional geological and thematic studies on the composition, structure, stratigraphic and structural position of the units belonging to the “Bug series”. The cycle consists of three separate articles. The first article characterizes the composition of subdivisions and rock associations included in the “Bug series” in the current Precambrian stratigraphic scheme of the Ukrainian Shield. In this second article of the cycle, ideas about the structural position of the “Bug series” and its subdivisions are considered. For a long time there was an opinion that the “Bug series” performed synclines “superimposed” on the ancient foundation. These ideas we-re convincingly refuted more than half a century ago on the example of the stratotype section of the Bug series in the area of Zavallia [Vinogradov, 1970], but sometimes some researchers still adhere to them. The data presented in this article indicate that all units that now belong to the “Bug series” are suites and strata that are part of a single Bug Area granulite complex and occupy a clearly defined stratigraphic and structural position in its section. Ideas about the connection of the “Bug series” with “superimposed” synclines or faults do not have any reliable justification.","PeriodicalId":54141,"journal":{"name":"Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135599410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamics of the oil reservoir depletion 油藏枯竭动力学
IF 0.5 Q4 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.24028/gj.v44i5.272333
M. Lubkov, K. Mosiychuk
In order to study the dynamics of depletion in heterogeneous oil reservoirs on the base of combined finite-element-difference method for the non-stationary problem of piezoconductivity we have carried out a numerical simulation of the pressure distribution in vicinity of the operating well. At that we have taken into account the heterogeneous distribution of filtration characteristics inside the reservoir and the oil infiltration parameters on the boundaries of the reservoir. The developed method for solving the non-stationary problem of piezoconductivity in deformed oil formations allows us adequately to describe the distribution of pressure near production and injection well systems in real operating conditions. We have shown that depletion processes in vicinity of the active well mainly depend on the intensity of oil production and the degree of oil infiltration at the boundaries of the reservoir’s area and to a lesser extent on the filtration parameters inside the reservoir. Therefore, in order to maintain the proper level of oil production in the reservoir’s area, it is necessary, for example, thanks to the use of modern technologies (system of injection wells), to ensure a sufficient inflow of the oil phase at the borders of the considered area. We have shown that in the cases of low oil infiltration at the boundaries of the reservoir area, the value of depletion is directly proportional to the production power of the well. At the same time, a decreasing of the reservoir permeability leads to a slow downing of depletion processes. The limiting value of the oil boundary infiltration coefficient, which allows achieving industrial oil production, is m. At that, the time of reaching of the stationary productive regime is directly proportional to the value of the oil permeability coefficient inside the reservoir. Before installing a system of production and injection wells in heterogeneous oil reservoirs, it is necessary to carry out a systematic analysis of the degree of depletion of the working reservoir’s areas in order to place them in such a way that would ensure the effective dynamics of filtration processes around these areas.
为了研究非均质油藏的衰竭动力学,在压电传导非平稳问题的有限元-差分组合方法的基础上,对工作井附近的压力分布进行了数值模拟。在这一点上,我们考虑了储层内部过滤特性的非均匀分布和储层边界上的石油渗透参数。所开发的解决变形油层中压电传导率非平稳问题的方法使我们能够充分描述实际操作条件下生产和注入井系统附近的压力分布。我们已经表明,活动井附近的枯竭过程主要取决于石油生产强度和油藏区域边界的石油渗透程度,在较小程度上取决于油藏内部的过滤参数。因此,为了保持储层区域的适当石油生产水平,例如,由于使用了现代技术(注水井系统),有必要确保在考虑区域的边界处有足够的油相流入。我们已经表明,在储层区域边界的低油渗透情况下,损耗值与井的生产能力成正比。同时,储层渗透率的降低导致枯竭过程的减缓。实现工业石油生产的石油边界渗透系数的极限值为m。此时,达到稳定生产状态的时间与油藏内部的石油渗透系数值成正比。在非均质油藏中安装生产井和注入井系统之前,有必要对工作油藏区域的枯竭程度进行系统分析,以确保这些区域周围过滤过程的有效动态。
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引用次数: 0
Forecast of tectonic disturbances zones in coal layers 煤层构造扰动带预测
IF 0.5 Q4 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.24028/gj.v44i5.272332
V. Baranov, P. S. Pashchenko, S. Štefanko
This paper considers the problem of identifying geological disturbances that are ubiqu-itous in rocks. The purpose of the work is to test the methodology for identifying tectonic faults and their geometric parameters in coal seams. The article presents the results of the analysis of the accumulated information concerning the study of the microstructure of coal — quasicrystals, which are a consequence of tectonic stresses. Their quantitative characteristics are used to predict dynamic and gas-dynamic phenomena in coal mines, disturbed zones and subzones. Employees of the IGTM NAS of Ukraine carried out studies of the structure of coal in the place of the recorded gas-dynamic phenomenon at one of the mines of Donbass; selected, prepared and studied coal samples using optical microscopy; presented the graphical results of the volumetric allocation of plicative disturbance in the outburst zone of the coal seam and the results of measurements of the strength of the coal; determined the relationship between the strength properties of the coal seam and its microstructural features; established the geometric parameters of the plicative disturbance and made a prediction of the development of the disturbance under these conditions. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the applied methodology, allow increasing the safety of mining operations in coal mines, by predicting the development of geological disturbances invisible to the naked eye and preventing gas-dynamic phenomena. The results obtained are further evidence of the confinement of dynamic, gas-dynamic and thermal phenomena to disturbed zones and the existing relevance of their identification by modern methods.
本文考虑了识别岩石中普遍存在的地质扰动的问题。这项工作的目的是测试识别煤层中构造断层及其几何参数的方法。本文介绍了对构造应力作用下煤准晶微观结构研究积累信息的分析结果。它们的定量特征用于预测煤矿、扰动带和子带中的动力学和气体动力学现象。乌克兰IGTM NAS的员工在顿巴斯的一个矿场对记录到的气体动力学现象所在地的煤炭结构进行了研究;使用光学显微镜选择、制备和研究煤样品;给出了煤层突出带叠加扰动体积分布的图解结果和煤的强度测量结果;确定了煤层的强度特性与其微观结构特征之间的关系;建立了叠加扰动的几何参数,并对这些条件下扰动的发展进行了预测。所获得的结果表明了所应用方法的有效性,通过预测肉眼看不见的地质扰动的发展和防止气体动力学现象,可以提高煤矿开采作业的安全性。所获得的结果进一步证明了动力学、气体动力学和热现象对扰动区的限制,以及用现代方法识别它们的现有相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Magnetic characteristics and tectonic structure of the Earth's crust of the Carpathian oil and gas region as a component of complex hydrocarbon criteria 喀尔巴阡油气区地壳磁特征与构造构造作为复杂油气标准的组成部分
IF 0.5 Q4 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.24028/gj.v44i5.272328
M. Orlyuk, M. Bakarjieva, A. Marchenko
For the first time, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the geomagnetic field and oil and gas capacity was performed for the territory of the Carpathian region, which made it possible to reveal the connection of hydrocarbon deposits with the magnetization of the Earth’s crust at the regional and local levels and the features of the deep structure of the Earth’s crust according to seismic data. The regularity of the distribution of oil and gas deposits of the Carpathian oil and gas-bearing region revealed by geomagnetic criteria is confirmed by their connection with regional and local anomalies of the gravity field and heat flow density. According to the analysis of the regional geomagnetic field and magnetic models along the PANCAKE and RomUkrSeis geotraverses, gas fields are located above the magnetic blocks of the middle and lower parts of the Earth’s crust or in their marginal parts, and oil fields are located above practically non-magnetic deep blocks. Under the thrust part of the Carpathian arc, the regional features of the Earth’s crust structures are clearly manifested, namely, starting from the longitude of the city of Rakhiv, the submeridional direction of extension of regional anomalies of magnetic, gravity, and thermal fields and their horizontal gradient zones prevails. The oil and gas potential of the region is in good agreement with this — the gas fields are timed to the minimum values of the regional horizontal gradient of the regional magnetic field, to the increased gradient of Bouguet anomalies, as well as to the minimum values of the horizontal gradient of heat flow density anomalies. In local geophysical fields, gas fields are gravitating: to weakly negative magnetic anomalies and their gradient zones; to negative anomalies of the gravitational field predominantly; to positive anomalies of heat flow density in the northwest, within the area of Trans-European suture zone (without the middle of the Krakovets fault), and negative anomalies in the Carpathian trough. Oil and oil condensate deposits are correlated with a band of positive magnetic field anomalies, negative gravity field anomalies, and increased heat flux density values. The main deep faults of the Carpathian region and the marginal part of the Platform in the first approximation can be considered Velikomostivsko-Chernivetsky, which characterizes the change in the character of magnetic and gravity fields and heat flow density, Rava-Rusky, which reflects the zone of articulation of the Eastern and Western European platforms, Pre-Carpathian — the border of the Pre-Carpathian trough and the Folded Carpathians on the Earth’s surface (as well as the boundary of the Archaean(?)-Paleoproterozoic and Meso-Neoproterozoic crust according to the modern international chronostratigraphic scale), as well as the Transcarpathian fault. On the basis of magnetic and seismic data, the hypothetical depth position of these faults and the possible connection with them of hydrocarbon
首次对喀尔巴阡地区的地磁场和油气容量进行了定性和定量分析,从而揭示了油气矿床与区域和局部地壳磁化的联系以及根据地震资料揭示地壳深部结构特征。地磁标准揭示的喀尔巴阡含油区油气分布的规律性,与区域和局部重力场和热流密度异常的联系得到了证实。根据对PANCAKE和RomUkrSeis大地线区域地磁场和磁场模型的分析,气田位于地壳中下部磁性块体上方或边缘部分,油田位于几乎无磁性的深部块体上方。在喀尔巴阡弧的逆冲部分下,地壳构造的区域特征明显,即从Rakhiv市的经度开始,地磁、重、热等区域异常及其水平梯度带的下沉延伸方向占优势。该地区的油气潜力与此很好地吻合,气田被定时到区域磁场的区域水平梯度的最小值,布盖异常的梯度增加,热流密度异常的水平梯度的最小值。在局部地球物理场中,气田被弱负磁异常及其梯度带所吸引;以重力场负异常为主;到西北部泛欧缝合带内(不含克拉科韦茨断层中部)热流密度正异常,喀尔巴阡海槽负异常。石油和凝析油矿床与磁场正异常带、重力场负异常带和热流密度增大带相关。喀尔巴阡地区的主要深断裂和台地边缘的一阶近似为Velikomostivsko-Chernivetsky,表征了其磁场、重力场特征和热流密度的变化;Rava-Rusky,反映了东、西欧台地的联结带;Pre-Carpathian -地球表面的前喀尔巴阡海槽和褶皱喀尔巴阡山脉的边界(以及现代国际年代地层尺度上太古宙-古元古代和中-新元古代地壳的边界)和外喀尔巴阡断裂的边界。根据地磁资料和地震资料,提出了这些断裂的假定深度位置以及油气流入地壳上部的可能联系。因此,在喀尔巴阡地区重力场和热流密度异常研究成果的基础上,统一了喀尔巴阡地区地壳含油气能力的地磁判据,从而可以根据该地区的区域和局部特征,初步预测油气、凝析油和天然气、凝析油的分布。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal-Geophysical Journal
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