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Provenance and the U–Pb age constraints on the tuff beds of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Bazhenovo Formation, West Siberian Basin 西西伯利亚盆地晚侏罗世-早白垩世巴热诺沃地层凝灰岩床的产状和U-Pb年龄制约因素
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1002/dep2.281
Timur Bulatov, Yakov Yermakov, Anna Kulikova, Bulat Gareev, Mikhail Spasennykh

Thin tuff beds of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Bazhenovo Formation are laterally widespread in the central part of the West Siberian Basin (ca 0.5 million km2). However, the source of the tuff beds remains unclear. The stratigraphy, geochemistry and geochronology of the tuff beds were investigated to reveal their magmatic origin and potential source region. Most of the tuff beds are recorded in member 4 and can be correlated through the Bazhenovo sequence. Thin-section petrography and X-ray diffraction indicate that the tuffs mostly comprise clay minerals and K-feldspars. Less common minerals are plagioclase, quartz and pyrite. The geochemical composition of the Bazhenovo tuff beds suggests a parental magma origin of andesite/basalt, which came from volcanic arc-related settings. Considering the results of geochemical studies along with LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating (141.3 ± 0.3/2.8 Ma), the palaeovolcanoes of the Caucasus region or south-east Mongolia–North-East China are one of the potential source regions of the tuffs. The record of these tuffs indicates the intensive volcanic eruption during the Volgian–Ryazanian, accompanied by a very low-sedimentation rate and preservation in a reducing environment. The tuff beds have broad implications as an isochronous marker horizon and constraints for the numerical age of the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary in the Boreal Realm.

西西伯利亚盆地中部(约 50 万平方公里)横向分布着晚侏罗世-早白垩世巴热诺沃地层的薄凝灰岩床。然而,凝灰岩床的来源仍不清楚。我们对凝灰岩床的地层学、地球化学和地质年代进行了研究,以揭示其岩浆起源和潜在的来源地区。大部分凝灰岩床记录在第 4 组中,并可通过巴热诺沃序列进行关联。薄片岩石学和 X 射线衍射表明,凝灰岩主要由粘土矿物和 K 长石组成。较少见的矿物是斜长石、石英和黄铁矿。巴热诺沃凝灰岩床的地球化学成分表明,其母岩来源于安山岩/玄武岩,来自与火山弧有关的环境。考虑到地球化学研究结果和 LA-ICP-MS 锆石 U-Pb 测定(141.3 ± 0.3/2.8 Ma),高加索地区或蒙古东南部-中国东北部的古火山是凝灰岩的潜在来源地区之一。这些凝灰岩的记录表明,在伏尔加-里亚期火山喷发密集,伴随着极低的沉积率,并保存在还原环境中。这些凝灰岩床作为等时标志层具有广泛的意义,并对北半球侏罗纪-白垩纪边界的数值年龄具有制约作用。
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引用次数: 0
The depositional record of the French Flemish Coastal plain since antiquity: Impacts of land reclamation in a tide-dominated estuary 法国弗拉芒海岸平原自古以来的沉积记录:潮汐主导河口填海造地的影响
IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/dep2.279
Rachid Ouchaou, Jean-Yves Reynaud, Youn Besse, Anissa Tilehghouatine, Eric Armynot du Châtelet, Alain Trentesaux, Romain Abraham, Laurent Deschodt, Guillaume Hulin, Samuel Desoutter, Benjamin Fores, François-Xavier Simon, Mathieu Lançon

The French Flemish Coastal Plain, which extends from Denmark to France, is characterised by a topography close to sea level and protected by a system of coastal dunes. Quaternary sediments, comprised of marine, estuarine and continental deposits, accumulated by infilling and then prograding above a network of incised valleys. This study focusses on the Holocene infill of the Denna palaeoestuary, south-west to Dunkerque. Surface geophysics (electrical conductivity and ground-penetrating radar) and vibrocore data are used to reconstruct the landscape evolution during the last stages of sedimentation. The conductivity map highlights the last network of tidal channels, ditches and dikes of the eastern side of the palaeoestuary. Over the upper 4 m of the infill, the ground-penetrating radar profiles show two superimposed units. The bottom unit is composed of meandering channel bars and the top unit of flat strata intersected by sparse channels, mostly infilled in place. The sediment analysis of the vibrocores shows a predominantly sandy filling of marine to estuarine origin, evidenced by sponge spicules and a fauna of bivalves and foraminifera adapted to brackish settings. The uppermost deposit exhibits an oxidation profile which marks the groundwater zone transition. Clayey sediments are also present, infilling the uppermost channels and ditches dug during reclamation, in increasing proportions towards the axis of the estuarine palaeovalley. The tidal signature of sedimentary dynamics is evidenced by heterolithic facies in some channel fills and tidal rhythmites infilling scour depressions linked to dike breaching. The abrupt decrease in channel dynamics across the unit boundary, although sedimentation remained sandy in the upper unit, coincides with the development of embankment of the estuarine border and is tentatively interpreted as a result of reclamation.

法国弗拉芒海岸平原从丹麦一直延伸到法国,地形接近海平面,受到海岸沙丘系统的保护。第四纪沉积物由海洋沉积物、河口沉积物和大陆沉积物组成,它们在切谷网络上方通过填充和上升的方式堆积起来。本研究的重点是邓纳古河口西南部的全新世填充。地表地球物理数据(电导率和探地雷达)和振芯数据用于重建沉积最后阶段的地貌演变。电导率图显示了古河口东侧最后的潮汐通道、沟渠和堤坝网络。地面穿透雷达剖面图显示,在填充层的上部 4 米处有两个叠加单元。底层单元由蜿蜒的河道条石组成,上层单元由平整的地层组成,与稀疏的河道相交,大部分被就地填充。振动模式的沉积物分析表明,主要是海洋至河口的砂质填充物,有海绵体和适应咸水环境的双壳类和有孔虫动物群为证。最上层沉积物呈现出氧化轮廓,标志着地下水区的过渡。粘土沉积物也存在,填充了最上层的河道和填海过程中开挖的沟渠,向河口古河谷轴线方向的比例越来越大。沉积动力学的潮汐特征表现在一些河道填土中的异石面以及与堤坝冲垮有关的冲刷洼地中的潮汐韵律岩。虽然上部单元的沉积物仍为沙质,但整个单元边界的河道动力突然减弱,这与河口边界堤坝的发展相吻合,可初步解释为填海的结果。
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引用次数: 0
New palaeocurrent analysis approach from two-dimensional trough cross-strata using photographs and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility 利用照片和磁感应强度各向异性从二维海槽横断面分析古海流的新方法
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1002/dep2.277
Jasper Maars, Gijs van Dijk, Mark J. Dekkers, F. Javier Hernández-Molina, Federico Andreetto, Francisco J. Rodríguez-Tovar, Wout Krijgsman

Palaeocurrent analysis is vital for basin analysis and helps in the interpretation of depositional environments (along-slope or downslope). For that, it is crucial to have multiple measuring methods at hand to apply palaeocurrent analysis with a wide range of different datasets (outcrops, cores and photographs). Here, two relatively underexploited palaeocurrent measurement techniques are assessed when applied to trough cross-stratification observed in the Arenazzolo Formation at Eraclea Minoa (Sicily). The first technique is a novel design of a qualitative approach to infer palaeocurrent directions from photographs of two-dimensional sedimentary structures. The second technique involves measurements of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility from drilled samples. A broad agreement, with overlapping uncertainty boundaries, is observed between results from both techniques. This agreement validates the use of trough cross-strata to infer palaeocurrent directions. Moreover, the addition of photographs improves reproducibility and prevents a bias towards the best-exposed troughs. The application of both techniques to outcrops and sedimentary cores provides new opportunities for palaeocurrent analysis in any type of sedimentary environment.

古水流分析对于盆地分析至关重要,有助于解释沉积环境(沿坡或下坡)。为此,必须掌握多种测量方法,以便利用各种不同的数据集(露头、岩心和照片)进行古水流分析。在此,我们对两种相对未得到充分利用的古海流测量技术进行了评估,并将其应用于在埃罗拉米诺阿(西西里岛)阿雷纳佐洛地层中观察到的海槽交叉层理。第一种技术是一种新颖的定性方法设计,用于从二维沉积结构的照片中推断古海流方向。第二项技术是通过钻探样本测量磁感应强度的各向异性。两种技术得出的结果基本一致,不确定性边界重叠。这种一致性验证了利用地槽横断面推断古海流方向的有效性。此外,照片的加入提高了可重复性,并避免了对曝光最好的地槽的偏差。这两种技术在露头和沉积岩芯中的应用为在任何类型的沉积环境中进行古海流分析提供了新的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrologic remobilisation of tephra-fall deposits: A sedimentological analysis throughout fluvio-lacustrine systems of North-West Patagonia 火山灰沉积的水文再移动:巴塔哥尼亚西北部整个河流-湖积系统的沉积学分析
IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1002/dep2.274
Nahuel Losano, Gustavo Villarosa, Débora Beigt, Pablo Amat, Julieta Cottet, Valeria Outes

This paper explores the response to Holocene ash inundation in different sub-environments of two fluvio-lacustrine systems, Las Piedritas and Totoral, focussing on the processes of volcaniclastic remobilisation. Sediment cores and outcrops were used to recognise three deposit types, noting how some differ from lahars, through sedimentological and stratigraphic analysis: (1) thick, laterally discontinuous, pumice-dominated deposits occur overlying alluvial plain and lower terrace surfaces across both watersheds; (2) chaotic, extremely poorly sorted and matrix-supported beds composed of both epiclastic and pyroclastic material occur as two conspicuous deposits at Las Piedritas outcrops, in a low-gradient confined channel setting; and (3) layers with an exclusively pyroclastic composition and no flow sedimentary structures or fragment roundness were found draping each of the two chaotic intervals and intercalating with the background sediment in Las Piedritas prodelta. Thick pumice packages capping the floodplains resulted from the overflow of streams carrying a floating pumice load. Due to its positive buoyancy, the pumice is transported as a slowly moving overlying mantle without mixing with the streamflow. The disorganised pattern and poor sorting of the matrix-rich polymictic beds are consistent with laminar, gravity-driven, high-concentration flows. They constitute secondary lahars, originating upstream from large run-off processes that reworked a pyroclastic substrate. The lack of reworking features in the vitric-rich units identified in the lake core retrieved from Las Piedritas prodelta, as well as the continuous and widespread occurrences of those interbedded in upstream outcrops, indicate an airfall origin. No reworked tephra unit is recognised in the prodelta sediment record, although various deposits from the hydrologic remobilisation of airfall tephra are found along the subaerial portion of both watersheds. Apparently, large amounts of flotation-remobilised tephra were retained on the delta plain, while another considerable fraction would have been carried away from the creek mouth under the influence of dominant regional winds.

本文探讨了 Las Piedritas 和 Totoral 这两个河流-湖沼系统的不同子环境对全新世火山灰淹没的反应,重点是火山碎屑的再移动过程。通过沉积学和地层学分析,利用沉积物岩心和露头确认了三种沉积类型,并注意到其中一些类型与火山岩的不同之处:(1) 厚的、横向不连续的、以浮石为主的沉积层出现在两个流域的冲积平原和下阶地表面上;(2) 杂乱的、分选极差的、基质支撑的床层,由外积岩和火成岩物质组成,是拉斯皮德里塔斯露头的两种明显的沉积层,出现在低梯度的封闭河道环境中;(3) 在 Las Piedritas prodelta 的两个混沌区间均发现了完全由火成岩组成的地层,没有流动沉积结构或圆形碎屑。洪泛平原上覆盖的厚厚浮石包是由携带浮石负荷的溪流溢出造成的。由于浮石具有正浮力,浮石作为缓慢移动的上覆地幔被搬运,不会与溪流混合。富含基质的多岩床形态杂乱,分选能力差,这与层流、重力驱动的高浓度流一致。它们是次级拉哈尔,源自上游对火成岩基质进行再加工的大型径流过程。从 Las Piedritas prodelta 取回的湖芯中发现的富含矾土的单位中缺乏再加工特征,而这些单位在上游露头地层中连续而广泛地存在,这表明它们起源于空气瀑布。虽然在两个流域的地下部分都发现了气流沉积物在水文作用下重新移动形成的各种沉积物,但在原岩沉积物记录中没有发现再加工的凝灰岩单元。显然,大量经浮选重新移动的凝灰岩被保留在三角洲平原上,而另有相当一部分则在区域主导风的影响下被带离溪口。
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引用次数: 0
Geochemical and microbiological variability of aerobic and anaerobic sediments along a bifurcated sulphate-saturated brine spring in western Canada 加拿大西部分叉硫酸盐饱和卤水泉沿岸好氧和厌氧沉积物的地球化学和微生物变异性
IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1002/dep2.276
Paul L. Broughton

A tufa mound developed at La Saline Lake, an oxbow of the Athabasca River in the Athabasca Oil Sands deposit of north-east Alberta, is characterised by an unusual emplacement of a gypsum caprock. This two-tiered architecture resulted from the bicarbonate-saturated groundwater flow along Upper Devonian limestone being redirected deeper and encountering the halite–anhydrite dissolution trend within the underlying Middle Devonian Prairie Evaporite Formation, 175 to 200 m below. Migrations up-section of sulphate-saturated brine resulted in the gypsum caprock on the tufa mound and discharge of a sulphate-saturated brine spring with total dissolved solids of ca 80,000 mg/L. The brine spring is bifurcated with flows to the south-west and north-west. Calcite–gypsum thrombolytic bottom sediments along the south-western branch were covered by a halite deposit and subsequently a gypsum crust with a microbial community dominated by the cyanobacteria Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes. The thrombolite contact zone with the halite–gypsum encrustation has a more diversified community with the cyanobacteria Dactylococcopsis. Cyanobacterial mats that wrap around the bulbous gypsum crust protuberances distributed along the brine pool bottom surfaces have significant eukaryotic diversity, represented by the heterotrophic Ochrophyte Paraphysomonas. In contrast, sediments accumulated along the adjacent spring branch flow to the north-west were thicker and clogged by abundant decomposed and fermented floral debris, unlike the deposit accumulated along the south-western branch. This resulted in an oxygen-depleted anaerobic environment dominated by sulphate-reducing bacteria resulting in a calcite-rich and sulphate-starved anaerobic sediment with ca 20% elemental sulphur and emanation of H2S gas.

在阿尔伯塔省东北部阿萨巴斯卡油砂矿床中阿萨巴斯卡河的一个牛角湖--拉萨林湖(La Saline Lake)上形成的一个陶土丘,其特点是石膏顶岩的不寻常置入。这种两层结构是由于碳酸氢盐饱和的地下水流沿上泥盆统石灰岩流向更深的地方,并在 175 米至 200 米以下的中泥盆统草原蒸发岩层中遇到了海绿石-软玉溶解趋势。硫酸盐饱和的盐水向上层迁移,形成了褐藻丘上的石膏盖岩,并排出了溶解固体总量约为 80,000 毫克/升的硫酸盐饱和盐水泉。卤水泉呈分叉状,流向西南和西北。沿西南分支的方解石-石膏血栓溶岩底部沉积物被海绿石沉积物覆盖,随后形成石膏结壳,其中的微生物群落以蓝藻为主。与海绿石-石膏结壳的血栓岩接触带的蓝藻群落更加多样化,其中有蓝藻 Dactylococcopsis。盐水池底部表面的球状石膏结壳突起周围环绕着蓝藻垫,这些蓝藻垫具有显著的真核生物多样性,其中以异养赭藻 Paraphysomonas 为代表。相比之下,沿西北方向的邻近泉水支流堆积的沉积物较厚,并被大量腐烂发酵的花屑堵塞,这与沿西南方向支流堆积的沉积物不同。这就形成了以硫酸盐还原菌为主的缺氧厌氧环境,导致富含方解石和硫酸盐的厌氧沉积物,硫元素含量约为 20%,并释放出 H2S 气体。
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引用次数: 0
Water discharge and sediment flux intermittency in the fluvial Escanilla Formation, Spain: Implications for changes in stratigraphic architecture 西班牙埃斯卡尼利亚地层河道中的排水量和沉积通量间歇性:地层结构变化的影响
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/dep2.272
Nikhil Sharma, Alexander C. Whittaker, Thierry Adatte, Sébastien Castelltort

Water discharge and sediment flux variations are important parameters controlling the morphodynamic behaviour of rivers. Although quantitative estimates for water discharge and sediment flux variability are well-constrained for modern rivers, far fewer assessments of flow and sediment flux intermittency in ancient fluvial systems from the rock record are available. In this study, a relationship between water discharge, sediment flux variability and patterns of changing fluvial stratigraphic architecture in the Middle Eocene Escanilla Formation, Spain, is explored. Water discharge intermittency factor (IWF), calculated as a ratio of the total water discharge (over the averaging time period) to the instantaneous channel-forming water discharge if sustained for the same period, ranges from 0.03 to 0.11 in the high amalgamation intervals and from 0.10 to 0.32 in the low amalgamation intervals. Similarly, the sediment flux intermittency factor (ISF) is estimated to be in the range of 0.008 to 0.01 in the high amalgamation intervals and of 0.01 to 0.03 in the low amalgamation intervals. Consequently, high amalgamation intervals were most probably deposited under more intermittent and short-lived intense precipitation events while low amalgamation intervals were the result of less intermittent flows spread throughout the year. Overall, these estimates are consistent with values from modern ephemeral rivers typically found in arid to semi-arid climate and is in agreement with available proxy data for the Middle Eocene climatic context of the studied alluvial system. This highlights an important connection between hydroclimate, river morphodynamics and landscape evolution, and has implications to predict river flow and sediment transport across the Earth's surface in the geological past.

排水量和泥沙通量变化是控制河流形态动力学行为的重要参数。尽管对现代河流的排水量和泥沙通量变化的定量估算已经非常精确,但从岩石记录中对古代河流系统的流量和泥沙通量间歇性的评估却少得多。本研究探讨了西班牙中始新世埃斯卡尼利亚地层中的排水量、沉积通量变异性与河道地层结构变化模式之间的关系。水排量间歇因子(IWF)是以(平均时间段内的)总水排量与同一时间段内瞬时成槽水排量之比计算得出的,在高混杂区间为 0.03 至 0.11,在低混杂区间为 0.10 至 0.32。同样,沉积通量间歇因子(ISF)估计在高混和区间为 0.008 至 0.01,在低混和区间为 0.01 至 0.03。因此,高汞齐化区间很可能是在间歇性更强、持续时间更短的强降水事件下沉积的,而低汞齐化区间则是全年间歇性较小的水流的结果。总体而言,这些估算值与典型的干旱至半干旱气候下的现代短时河流的估算值一致,也与所研究冲积系统的中始新世气候背景的现有代用数据一致。这凸显了水文气候、河流形态动力学和地貌演化之间的重要联系,对预测地质过去地球表面的河流流量和沉积物运移具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Facies analysis and depositional model of the Midcontinent Rift System in Kansas, USA 美国堪萨斯州中部大陆裂谷系统的岩相分析和沉积模型
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1002/dep2.275
Iffat Azmi, Karin Goldberg

The Midcontinent Rift System of North America is one of the oldest continental rifts but rifting ceased before continental breakup. The southern segment of the Midcontinent Rift System lies in Kansas, USA, where the stratigraphic succession and rift evolution are largely unknown. This study analysed the rift basin infill in this part of the Midcontinent Rift System to propose a depositional model. The Precambrian rift succession was described in discontinuous cores drilled in the Texaco Noel Poersch#1 well in Washington County. Sixteen lithofacies were identified and grouped into four different facies associations (fluvial, aeolian, lacustrine and alluvial fan). Overall, the studied succession comprises continental deposits accumulated dominantly in alluvial and aeolian settings, with the intermittent development of lacustrine systems. The proposed depositional models for the available core intervals indicate cyclic patterns of overfilled and underfilled phases within the rift basin. These changes in the accommodation-to-supply ratio were controlled by tectonism and probably modulated by climate during evolution in the syn-rift phase. This study advances our understanding of variations across the Midcontinent Rift System.

北美洲的中大陆裂谷系统是最古老的大陆裂谷之一,但裂谷在大陆解体之前就已停止。中洲断裂系统的南段位于美国堪萨斯州,地层演替和断裂演化在很大程度上不为人知。本研究分析了中洲大裂谷系统这一部分的裂谷盆地充填情况,提出了一个沉积模型。在华盛顿县德士古 Noel Poersch#1 井中钻取的不连续岩心描述了前寒武纪裂谷演替。确定了十六种岩相,并将其分为四个不同的岩相组合(河流岩相、风化岩相、湖泊岩相和冲积扇岩相)。总体而言,所研究的演替主要由冲积和风积环境中堆积的大陆沉积物组成,间或有湖积系统的发育。针对现有岩芯区间提出的沉积模型表明,裂谷盆地内存在过度充填和充填不足的循环模式。在同步裂谷阶段的演化过程中,容纳-供给比的这些变化受构造运动的控制,也可能受气候的调节。这项研究加深了我们对整个中部大陆裂谷系统变化的了解。
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引用次数: 0
Gypsum lakes, sandflats and soils revealed from the Triassic Red Peak Formation of the Chugwater Group, north-central Wyoming 怀俄明州中北部楚格沃特组三叠纪红峰地层揭示的石膏湖、砂滩和土壤
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1002/dep2.273
Maya Yamei Bradford, Kathleen C. Benison

Bedded gypsum is relatively common in bedded evaporites associated with red bed siliciclastics of Permo-Triassic Pangea. However, little attention has been paid to the textures of ancient gypsum, which can be used to refine interpretations of depositional environment and diagenetic history. This project describes the textures of bedded gypsum from an outcrop of the Triassic Red Peak Formation (Chugwater Group) near Greybull, Wyoming. Fieldwork, petrography and X-ray diffraction reveal three distinct lithologies of bedded gypsum: bottom-growth gypsum, laminated gypsum and clastic gypsum. Bottom-growth gypsum precipitated at the bottom of shallow saline surface water bodies. Laminated gypsum probably formed in shallow saline lakes and mudflats. Clastic gypsum units are composed of aeolian-reworked bottom-growth gypsum crystals deposited in sandflats. Red siliciclastic mudstones are characterised by their massive nature and abundant blocky peds. Detailed study of this outcrop of the Red Peak Formation shows that it formed in shallow saline lakes and associated mudflats, sandflats and desert soils.

在与二叠三叠纪泛大陆红层硅质岩有关的层状蒸发岩中,层状石膏比较常见。然而,人们很少关注古石膏的纹理,而这些纹理可用于完善对沉积环境和成岩历史的解释。该项目描述了怀俄明州格雷布尔附近三叠纪红峰地层(楚格沃特组)露头的层状石膏的纹理。实地考察、岩相学和 X 射线衍射揭示了层状石膏的三种不同岩性:底部生长石膏、层状石膏和碎屑石膏。底生石膏沉淀在浅盐地表水体的底部。层状石膏可能形成于浅盐湖和泥滩。碎屑石膏单元由沉积于沙滩的底部生长石膏晶体经风化再加工而成。红色硅质泥岩的特点是块状和大量块状碎屑。对这一赤峰地层露头的详细研究表明,该地层形成于浅盐湖及相关的泥滩、沙滩和沙漠土壤中。
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引用次数: 0
Mid-Holocene rainfall seasonality and ENSO dynamics over the south-western Pacific 全新世中期西南太平洋降雨季节性和厄尔尼诺/南方涛动动力学
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1002/dep2.268
Cinthya Nava-Fernandez, Tobias Braun, Chelsea L. Pederson, Bethany Fox, Adam Hartland, Ola Kwiecien, Sebastian N. Höpker, Stefano Bernasconi, Madalina Jaggi, John Hellstrom, Fernando Gázquez, Amanda French, Norbert Marwan, Adrian Immenhauser, Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach

El Niño–Southern Oscillation dynamics affect global weather patterns, with regionally diverse hydrological responses posing critical societal challenges. The lack of seasonally resolved hydrological proxy reconstructions beyond the observational era limits our understanding of boundary conditions that drive and/or adjust El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability. Detailed reconstructions of past El Niño–Southern Oscillation dynamics can help modelling efforts, highlight impacts on disparate ecosystems and link to extreme events that affect populations from the tropics to high latitudes. Here, mid-Holocene El Niño–Southern Oscillation and hydrological changes are reconstructed in the south-west Pacific using a stalagmite from Niue Island, which represents the period 6.4–5.4 ka BP. Stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios, trace elements and greyscale data from a U/Th-dated and layer counted stalagmite profile are combined to infer changes in local hydrology at sub-annual to multi-decadal timescales. Principal component analysis reveals seasonal-scale hydrological changes expressed as variations in stalagmite growth patterns and geochemical characteristics. Higher levels of host rock-derived elements (Sr/Ca and U/Ca) and higher δ18O and δ13C values are observed in dark, dense calcite laminae deposited during the dry season, whereas during the wet season, higher concentrations of soil-derived elements (Zn/Ca and Mn/Ca) and lower δ18O and δ13C values are recorded in pale, porous calcite laminae. The multi-proxy record from Niue shows seasonal cycles associated with hydrological changes controlled by the positioning and strength of the South Pacific Convergence Zone. Wavelet analysis of the greyscale record reveals that El Niño–Southern Oscillation was continuously active during the mid-Holocene, with two weaker intervals at 6–5.9 and 5.6–5.5 ka BP. El Niño–Southern Oscillation especially affects dry season rainfall dynamics, with increased cyclone activity that reduces hydrological seasonality during El Niño years.

厄尔尼诺-南方涛动的动态影响着全球天气模式,各地区不同的水文反应给社会带来了严峻的挑战。由于缺乏观测时代以外的季节分辨水文代用指标重建,限制了我们对驱动和/或调整厄尔尼诺-南方涛动变异的边界条件的理解。对过去厄尔尼诺-南方涛动动态的详细重建有助于建模工作,突出对不同生态系统的影响,并与影响从热带到高纬度人口的极端事件联系起来。本文利用纽埃岛的石笋重建了全新世中期厄尔尼诺-南方涛动和西南太平洋的水文变化,该石笋代表了 6.4-5.4 ka BP 时期。将稳定的氧和碳同位素比值、微量元素和来自 U/Th 日期和层计数石笋剖面的灰度数据结合起来,推断出当地水文在次年至数十年时间尺度上的变化。主成分分析表明,季节尺度的水文变化表现为石笋生长模式和地球化学特征的变化。在旱季沉积的深色致密方解石层中,可以观察到较高水平的主岩衍生元素(Sr/Ca 和 U/Ca)和较高的 δ18O 和 δ13C 值;而在雨季,在浅色多孔方解石层中,可以记录到较高浓度的土壤衍生元素(Zn/Ca 和 Mn/Ca)和较低的 δ18O 和 δ13C 值。纽埃的多代理记录显示了与南太平洋辐合带的位置和强度所控制的水文变化有关的季节性周期。对灰度记录的小波分析表明,厄尔尼诺-南方涛动在全新世中期持续活跃,在 6-5.9 ka BP 和 5.6-5.5 ka BP 有两个较弱的时期。厄尔尼诺-南方涛动尤其影响旱季降雨动态,在厄尔尼诺年,气旋活动增加,降低了水文季节性。
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引用次数: 0
Gravity flow deposits in Mesozoic sediments of Chukotka microplate (North-East Russia) 楚科奇微板块中生代沉积物中的重力流沉积(俄罗斯东北部)
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q1 GEOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1002/dep2.269
Marianna I. Tuchkova, Elena V. Vatrushkina, Sergey D. Sokolov

In the Mesozoic succession of the Anyui–Chukotka fold system (North-East Russia), five stratigraphic intervals were recognised that have an abundance of gravity flow deposits. These are the Olenekian (Lower Triassic), Upper Carnian, Upper Norian, Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian and Valanginian. The Triassic gravity flow deposits formed on the south-facing, passive margin of the Chukotka microplate and consist of greywackes and lithic arenites. Palaeocurrent data indicate that the flows were directed towards the south-east. The Olenekian gravity flow units consist of clast-rich sandstone deposited on the continental slope, and clast-poor sandstone deposited at the base of the slope. Upper Carnian mud-poor sandstones were deposited at the base of the slope and the Norian thin-bedded turbidites were upper to mid-slope deposits. The continental margin was affected by tectonism and was uplifted in the latest Triassic–earliest Jurassic, possibly due to the initiation of the southward translation of the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate. Following an Early–Middle Jurassic uplift of the area, sedimentation resumed in the Late Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous. Several syn-orogenic depressions (Rauchua, Pegtymel, Pevek, Myrgovaam and Kytepveem) developed on the south-western margin of the Chukotka microplate, and deposition in these basins included gravity flow deposits at various times. In both the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian and Valanginian successions, gravity flow deposits included arkosic and subarkosic sandstones with a northern source area of granitoid complexes and deformed Triassic strata. The intervening Tithonian–Berriasian gravity flow deposits consisted mainly of thin-bedded turbidites. These sediments had a southern source, which included a volcanic arc that had accreted to the southern margin of the Chukotka microplate.

在安义-丘科特卡褶皱系统(俄罗斯东北部)的中生代演替中,有五个地层区间被认为具有丰富的重力流沉积。它们分别是奥利尼克期(下三叠统)、上卡尼期、上诺尔期、牛津-基默里吉期和瓦朗基尼期。三叠纪重力流沉积形成于楚科奇微板块朝南的被动边缘,由灰岩和碎屑岩组成。古水流数据表明,这些水流流向东南。奥利尼克重力流单元由沉积在大陆坡上的富含碎屑的砂岩和沉积在坡底的贫含碎屑的砂岩组成。上卡尼期贫泥砂岩沉积于斜坡底部,诺尔纪薄层浊积岩为斜坡中上部沉积。大陆边缘受到构造运动的影响,在晚三叠世-早侏罗世发生隆起,这可能是由于北极阿拉斯加-楚科奇微板块开始向南平移所致。该地区在侏罗纪早中期隆升之后,在侏罗纪晚期和白垩纪早期恢复了沉积作用。楚科奇微板块西南边缘形成了几个同源坳陷(Rauchua、Pegtymel、Pevek、Myrgovaam 和 Kytepveem),这些盆地的沉积在不同时期包括重力流沉积。在牛津-基默里德纪和瓦朗基尼纪岩层中,重力流沉积包括弧光砂岩和亚弧光砂岩,其北部源区为花岗岩群和变形的三叠纪地层。其间的提托尼-白垩纪重力流沉积主要由薄层浊积岩组成。这些沉积物的南部来源包括楚科奇微板块南缘增生的火山弧。
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引用次数: 0
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Depositional Record
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