North American farmers manage massive soy farms in the Brazilian Cerrado from the clean offices off the dusty streets of Luis Eduardo Magalhães, Brazil. As they delegate field work to farmworkers, they focus on paperwork, managing investment capital, and satisfying the investors that control that capital. This comparative ethnographic article considers the agrarian values and farm life of the author's childhood on a small South Dakota farm alongside the experience of transnational soybean farmers in Brazil to understand the perception of good farming in two different contexts. This imaginary of the good farmer tells us about what behaviors are rewarded within farming communities and how farming behaviors become idealized. While “good farming” in 1980s South Dakota was measured by straight rows, high crop yields, and weed-free fields, good farming for transnational farmers is measured by efficiency, profit, and clean shirts. Transnational farmers center the farmer, not the field, as the site of aestheticizing as they disassociate from crops, work, and even land.
{"title":"Tidy Fields and Clean Shirts: A Comparative Ethnography of Good Farming in South Dakota and Luis Eduardo Magalhães","authors":"Andrew Ofstehage","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12284","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cuag.12284","url":null,"abstract":"<p>North American farmers manage massive soy farms in the Brazilian Cerrado from the clean offices off the dusty streets of Luis Eduardo Magalhães, Brazil. As they delegate field work to farmworkers, they focus on paperwork, managing investment capital, and satisfying the investors that control that capital. This comparative ethnographic article considers the agrarian values and farm life of the author's childhood on a small South Dakota farm alongside the experience of transnational soybean farmers in Brazil to understand the perception of good farming in two different contexts. This imaginary of the good farmer tells us about what behaviors are rewarded within farming communities and how farming behaviors become idealized. While “good farming” in 1980s South Dakota was measured by straight rows, high crop yields, and weed-free fields, good farming for transnational farmers is measured by efficiency, profit, and clean shirts. Transnational farmers center the farmer, not the field, as the site of aestheticizing as they disassociate from crops, work, and even land.</p>","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82285087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Lyall, Fernanda Vallejo, Rudi Colloredo‐Mansfeld, Elizabeth Havice
In cities, agroecological food consumption is often identified as an exclusive, middle-class practice. In this article, we examine changes in agroecological food circuits in urban Ecuador, amid COVID-19 breakdowns in conventional food systems. Through interviews with farmers, government officials, and NGO workers in 2020 and 2021, our research identifies three sets of experiences with distinct implications for agroecological transitions. First, some agroecological circuits could no longer function due to regulations on food circulation that favored the corporate food sector. Second, some circuits temporarily expanded to reach more urban middle-class consumers, using online platforms and government infrastructures. Third, urban collectives and neighborhood organizations re-appropriated urban spaces - from cultural centers to city streets - to facilitate the circulation of agroecological foods in low-income sectors. We highlight the spatial and social 're-localization' practices of these urban groups that challenge the hegemony of conventional food circuits, as they drive agroecological food consumption beyond the middle-class.
{"title":"Agroecology, Supply Chains, and COVID‐19: Lessons on Food System Transitions from Ecuador","authors":"A. Lyall, Fernanda Vallejo, Rudi Colloredo‐Mansfeld, Elizabeth Havice","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12278","url":null,"abstract":"In cities, agroecological food consumption is often identified as an exclusive, middle-class practice. In this article, we examine changes in agroecological food circuits in urban Ecuador, amid COVID-19 breakdowns in conventional food systems. Through interviews with farmers, government officials, and NGO workers in 2020 and 2021, our research identifies three sets of experiences with distinct implications for agroecological transitions. First, some agroecological circuits could no longer function due to regulations on food circulation that favored the corporate food sector. Second, some circuits temporarily expanded to reach more urban middle-class consumers, using online platforms and government infrastructures. Third, urban collectives and neighborhood organizations re-appropriated urban spaces - from cultural centers to city streets - to facilitate the circulation of agroecological foods in low-income sectors. We highlight the spatial and social 're-localization' practices of these urban groups that challenge the hegemony of conventional food circuits, as they drive agroecological food consumption beyond the middle-class.","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89956893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Saving Bavarian Hops in a “Parallel Universe”: Lessons on the Biopolitics of Agricultural Labor in Germany During the Corona Pandemic","authors":"M. H. Schneider, M. Gugganig","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12279","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74746558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. O’Connell, Rosemary Gay, N. McDonald, Sita Tayal
To identify elements of crisis response that might hold lessons for resilience beyond the current moment, we studied a central North Carolina food system during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on ethnographic interviews with farmers, employees and volunteers of food access organizations, and local government employees, our work found that connection, networking, innovation, and technology adoption were sources of strength and growth. Lessons: food system actors found that their social connections helped them to exchange information and resources, meet increased food needs among SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) participants and Latina/os immigrants, and combine efforts to adopt technologies and learn from new labor pools. Challenges: while navigating COVID-19, food system actors faced challenges spanning labor, safety, information, government policies, supply shortages, weather, and unreliable information. In addition to lessons and challenges, we offer a series of future research directions that we identified in our study findings. Our study shows that small-scale production and local food organization and government responses are important and dynamic parts of a resilient food system. Regional systems' actors were able to pivot more quickly than large-scale systems and presented a more flexible, locally suitable model that will likely prove adaptive beyond the pandemic.
{"title":"COVID Connections: Lessons from Adaptations to COVID‐19 as Strategies for Building Food System Resilience","authors":"C. O’Connell, Rosemary Gay, N. McDonald, Sita Tayal","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12276","url":null,"abstract":"To identify elements of crisis response that might hold lessons for resilience beyond the current moment, we studied a central North Carolina food system during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on ethnographic interviews with farmers, employees and volunteers of food access organizations, and local government employees, our work found that connection, networking, innovation, and technology adoption were sources of strength and growth. Lessons: food system actors found that their social connections helped them to exchange information and resources, meet increased food needs among SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) participants and Latina/os immigrants, and combine efforts to adopt technologies and learn from new labor pools. Challenges: while navigating COVID-19, food system actors faced challenges spanning labor, safety, information, government policies, supply shortages, weather, and unreliable information. In addition to lessons and challenges, we offer a series of future research directions that we identified in our study findings. Our study shows that small-scale production and local food organization and government responses are important and dynamic parts of a resilient food system. Regional systems' actors were able to pivot more quickly than large-scale systems and presented a more flexible, locally suitable model that will likely prove adaptive beyond the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79333859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finding Hope in Food Systems During the COVID‐19 Pandemic","authors":"D. Sen, M. Styles","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82057535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collaborative design (co-design) is a design strategy for generating relevant and socially acceptable technologies, and is inherently political by nature of its inclusion of particular groups and interests. This paper explores how to ethically and responsibly prepare for, notice and overcome barriers to including agricultural workers in the co-design of new agricultural technologies. Drawing from feminist science and technology studies (STS), we offer response-able mattering as an analytic tool to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic caused and illuminated existing barriers to inclusion within an Aotearoa New Zealand-based co-design project. We argue that addressing barriers to inclusion requires prioritizing relationships and relationship building in technology design projects. This prioritization must account for a multiplicity of relationship building tempos (e.g., the time/pace necessary to ethically establish and maintain research relationships), temporal tensions (e.g., the pace of technology development versus the ability to meaningfully include collaborators), and un/intended relational cuts (e.g., boundaries or barriers affecting relationship building).
{"title":"Overcoming Barriers to Including Agricultural Workers in the Co‐Design of New AgTech: Lessons from a COVID‐19‐Present World","authors":"K. Burch, Katharine Legun","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12277","url":null,"abstract":"Collaborative design (co-design) is a design strategy for generating relevant and socially acceptable technologies, and is inherently political by nature of its inclusion of particular groups and interests. This paper explores how to ethically and responsibly prepare for, notice and overcome barriers to including agricultural workers in the co-design of new agricultural technologies. Drawing from feminist science and technology studies (STS), we offer response-able mattering as an analytic tool to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic caused and illuminated existing barriers to inclusion within an Aotearoa New Zealand-based co-design project. We argue that addressing barriers to inclusion requires prioritizing relationships and relationship building in technology design projects. This prioritization must account for a multiplicity of relationship building tempos (e.g., the time/pace necessary to ethically establish and maintain research relationships), temporal tensions (e.g., the pace of technology development versus the ability to meaningfully include collaborators), and un/intended relational cuts (e.g., boundaries or barriers affecting relationship building).","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75923792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Special Issue Introduction: Thinking Through “Being in the COVID‐19 World” and Bright Spots for our Food Futures","authors":"C. O’Connell","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12282","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88151975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐COV‐2) that causes COVID‐19 has had a devastating impact on human populations, infrastructure, and economies. The structures and systems that supply people with their basic needs have been stressed by the necessary changes COVID‐19 has rendered in everyday life. Here I explore the potential role of wild food provisioning in mitigating the acute impacts of COVID on food supply and its impacts more broadly on modern foodways. Wild food provisioning is a waning practice among human populations in the Global North, but recent research has shown that there are significant amounts of food produced and harvested on the landscape that go unaccounted for in food systems research. Building on this work, I theorize a framework for thinking about food systems that are inclusive of wild food provisioning practices and how said framework might increase the ability of human populations to withstand extreme disturbances such as a global pandemic. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Culture, Agriculture, Food & Environment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
{"title":"Food Security in the Era of COVID‐19: Wild Food Provisioning as Resilience During a Global Pandemic","authors":"Jonathan C. Hall","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12275","url":null,"abstract":"The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐COV‐2) that causes COVID‐19 has had a devastating impact on human populations, infrastructure, and economies. The structures and systems that supply people with their basic needs have been stressed by the necessary changes COVID‐19 has rendered in everyday life. Here I explore the potential role of wild food provisioning in mitigating the acute impacts of COVID on food supply and its impacts more broadly on modern foodways. Wild food provisioning is a waning practice among human populations in the Global North, but recent research has shown that there are significant amounts of food produced and harvested on the landscape that go unaccounted for in food systems research. Building on this work, I theorize a framework for thinking about food systems that are inclusive of wild food provisioning practices and how said framework might increase the ability of human populations to withstand extreme disturbances such as a global pandemic. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Culture, Agriculture, Food & Environment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78917160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research commentary provides an overview of contemporary anthropological research regarding the US Indigenous food sovereignty movement and demonstrates how it informs the impacts of COVID‐19 on Indian Country. Past anthropological research on US Indigenous foodways, while useful, has lacked US Indigenous voices and in‐depth political context. Alternatively, many current Indigenous scholars prioritize integration of this crucial political landscape, thus increasing the relevancy and application of this work. For this review, I begin by coalescing a selection of these recent research developments, primarily focusing on research undertaken by Indigenous scholars currently in, and affiliated with, anthropology. I then connect the ways in which their ethnographic and community‐based findings shed insight into challenges that arose during the Covid‐19 pandemic in 2020. Finally, I critique anthropology’s lack of support for these research projects and offer suggestions regarding future US Indigenous food sovereignty research directions. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Culture, Agriculture, Food & Environment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
{"title":"Brief Research Commentary: The US Indigenous Food Sovereignty Movement’s Impact on Understandings of COVID‐19 in Indian Country","authors":"Courtney Lewis","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12280","url":null,"abstract":"This research commentary provides an overview of contemporary anthropological research regarding the US Indigenous food sovereignty movement and demonstrates how it informs the impacts of COVID‐19 on Indian Country. Past anthropological research on US Indigenous foodways, while useful, has lacked US Indigenous voices and in‐depth political context. Alternatively, many current Indigenous scholars prioritize integration of this crucial political landscape, thus increasing the relevancy and application of this work. For this review, I begin by coalescing a selection of these recent research developments, primarily focusing on research undertaken by Indigenous scholars currently in, and affiliated with, anthropology. I then connect the ways in which their ethnographic and community‐based findings shed insight into challenges that arose during the Covid‐19 pandemic in 2020. Finally, I critique anthropology’s lack of support for these research projects and offer suggestions regarding future US Indigenous food sovereignty research directions. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Culture, Agriculture, Food & Environment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77905345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How might people under blockaded lockdown during a pandemic obtain food? The experiences of those inside Wuhan who underwent the January–April 2020 COVID‐19 blockaded lockdown have generated multiple investigations. The topic is of relevance to those concerned with food systems in general and food security during disasters in particular. This article presents a primary analysis of original survey and interview material on household‐level food provisioning, using a gender and intersectional approach to disasters, together with a review of reports by others. The key observation is that a highly contagious coronavirus proved less threatening to food security in a large and diverse city than did socio‐economic inequalities. However, although Wuhan households under blockaded pandemic lockdown were differentiated and conditions more difficult for some than others, overall food provisioning succeeded. This occurred through an established governmental system linked with social networks adapted to the circumstances across a set of digital applications. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Culture, Agriculture, Food & Environment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
{"title":"Wuhan Household Food Provisioning under Blockaded COVID‐19 Lockdown","authors":"J. Henrici, Aojie Ju","doi":"10.1111/cuag.12274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cuag.12274","url":null,"abstract":"How might people under blockaded lockdown during a pandemic obtain food? The experiences of those inside Wuhan who underwent the January–April 2020 COVID‐19 blockaded lockdown have generated multiple investigations. The topic is of relevance to those concerned with food systems in general and food security during disasters in particular. This article presents a primary analysis of original survey and interview material on household‐level food provisioning, using a gender and intersectional approach to disasters, together with a review of reports by others. The key observation is that a highly contagious coronavirus proved less threatening to food security in a large and diverse city than did socio‐economic inequalities. However, although Wuhan households under blockaded pandemic lockdown were differentiated and conditions more difficult for some than others, overall food provisioning succeeded. This occurred through an established governmental system linked with social networks adapted to the circumstances across a set of digital applications. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Culture, Agriculture, Food & Environment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)","PeriodicalId":54150,"journal":{"name":"Culture Agriculture Food and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88728083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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