Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1958532
Jasper Montana
ABSTRACT The inclusion of diverse perspectives from different disciplines, genders and locations has become a foreground concern in environmental expertise. While inclusion is increasingly accounted for in the design and evaluation of expert organisations, questions remain about the extent to which the pursuit of inclusion equates to effective participation. Building on recent scholarship on expertise in environmental sociology and public participation in environmental governance, this paper puts forward the argument that enabling inclusion in international expert organisations can be supported by facilitating epistemic belonging – a state achieved not only through mutual recognition of skilful practice amongst their expert communities (i.e. group belonging) but also the mobilisation of material resources within and beyond these organisations that enable participating experts to assert their importance, define their specialist skills and to effectively enact their epistemic practices. In this account, I trace the institutionalization of biodiversity scenarios and models in the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) to show how achieving epistemic belonging requires expert communities to actively reshape the resource environments in which they operate. This account extends current sociological perspectives on environmental expertise and offers insights for environmental expert organisations seeking to broaden their inclusion practices.
{"title":"From inclusion to epistemic belonging in international environmental expertise: learning from the institutionalisation of scenarios and models in IPBES","authors":"Jasper Montana","doi":"10.1080/23251042.2021.1958532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2021.1958532","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The inclusion of diverse perspectives from different disciplines, genders and locations has become a foreground concern in environmental expertise. While inclusion is increasingly accounted for in the design and evaluation of expert organisations, questions remain about the extent to which the pursuit of inclusion equates to effective participation. Building on recent scholarship on expertise in environmental sociology and public participation in environmental governance, this paper puts forward the argument that enabling inclusion in international expert organisations can be supported by facilitating epistemic belonging – a state achieved not only through mutual recognition of skilful practice amongst their expert communities (i.e. group belonging) but also the mobilisation of material resources within and beyond these organisations that enable participating experts to assert their importance, define their specialist skills and to effectively enact their epistemic practices. In this account, I trace the institutionalization of biodiversity scenarios and models in the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) to show how achieving epistemic belonging requires expert communities to actively reshape the resource environments in which they operate. This account extends current sociological perspectives on environmental expertise and offers insights for environmental expert organisations seeking to broaden their inclusion practices.","PeriodicalId":54173,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23251042.2021.1958532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41784608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-28DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1979716
K. Jahnavi, S. Satpathy
ABSTRACT The article is a case study of state-mediated wetland grabbing and dispossession and the people’s struggle to reclaim a coastal wetland at Sompeta in India. It examines the nature and mechanisms of dispossession as well as the resistance to wetland grabbing. The study shows that the apparatuses used by the state to capture the wetland, unleash a coercive process of land dispossession from above. It also uncovers a composite dispossessory politics, which is a convergence of the physical loss of wetland used as commons, loss of livelihoods and exclusion based on socio-cultural identities of gender, caste and class. Resistance from below counteracted both the coercive process and the dimensions of dispossession. We find that wetland commons is a geography of social embeddedness and ecological sustainability which has to be protected from commercial exploitation. Moreover, wetland conversion implies water scarcity and loss of social safety net for the disadvantaged communities dependent on the wetland. As long as the state continues to neglect this social reality, the rural communities will resist. To break the impasse, it is imperative to have ‘a dialogue’ among resource users with competing claims encompassing equity and sustainability.
{"title":"‘Our wetland is our mother, you cannot take her away from us’: Reconstructing the political space of reclaiming a coastal wetland in Sompeta, Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"K. Jahnavi, S. Satpathy","doi":"10.1080/23251042.2021.1979716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2021.1979716","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article is a case study of state-mediated wetland grabbing and dispossession and the people’s struggle to reclaim a coastal wetland at Sompeta in India. It examines the nature and mechanisms of dispossession as well as the resistance to wetland grabbing. The study shows that the apparatuses used by the state to capture the wetland, unleash a coercive process of land dispossession from above. It also uncovers a composite dispossessory politics, which is a convergence of the physical loss of wetland used as commons, loss of livelihoods and exclusion based on socio-cultural identities of gender, caste and class. Resistance from below counteracted both the coercive process and the dimensions of dispossession. We find that wetland commons is a geography of social embeddedness and ecological sustainability which has to be protected from commercial exploitation. Moreover, wetland conversion implies water scarcity and loss of social safety net for the disadvantaged communities dependent on the wetland. As long as the state continues to neglect this social reality, the rural communities will resist. To break the impasse, it is imperative to have ‘a dialogue’ among resource users with competing claims encompassing equity and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":54173,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47654152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1980937
Juheon Lee
ABSTRACT This study examined how individuals’ past experiences and perceptions of natural hazards, as well as their participation in voluntary organizations, were associated with their hazard preparedness. The study first explored how individuals’ past experiences of three types of natural hazards (floods, landslides, and earthquakes), and their perceptions of hazard risk and controllability, were associated with their participation in voluntary organizations – an important indicator of social capital. This study also investigated how individuals’ experiences and perceptions of natural hazards, and their participation in voluntary organizations, were associated with their adoption of preparedness behaviors for future hazards. The results of this study indicated that residents who experienced a natural hazard in the past generally reported better preparedness behaviors although the results differed according to the type of natural hazard. Both perceived risk and perceived controllability were positively associated with preparedness behavior, but perceived controllability was more strongly associated with participation in voluntary organizations.
{"title":"Preparedness behaviors for natural hazards and their association with experiences, perceptions, and social engagement in Taiwanese society","authors":"Juheon Lee","doi":"10.1080/23251042.2021.1980937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2021.1980937","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined how individuals’ past experiences and perceptions of natural hazards, as well as their participation in voluntary organizations, were associated with their hazard preparedness. The study first explored how individuals’ past experiences of three types of natural hazards (floods, landslides, and earthquakes), and their perceptions of hazard risk and controllability, were associated with their participation in voluntary organizations – an important indicator of social capital. This study also investigated how individuals’ experiences and perceptions of natural hazards, and their participation in voluntary organizations, were associated with their adoption of preparedness behaviors for future hazards. The results of this study indicated that residents who experienced a natural hazard in the past generally reported better preparedness behaviors although the results differed according to the type of natural hazard. Both perceived risk and perceived controllability were positively associated with preparedness behavior, but perceived controllability was more strongly associated with participation in voluntary organizations.","PeriodicalId":54173,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43939469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-12DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1975349
Benjamin Leffel, Nikki Tavasoli, Brantley Liddle, Kent E. Henderson, Sabrina Kiernan
ABSTRACT This study re-scales analysis of global environmental change down to the city-level, where it is becoming increasingly significant, to examine the relationship between air pollution abatement and industrial growth. Treadmill of Production theorists argue that economic growth leads to increased pollution, while Environmental Kuznets Curve research suggests that income increases initially lead to pollution increases, but begins to result in reductions after an economy transitions from manufacturing to services-based industries. We investigate whether growth in specific services industries is associated with pollution abatement in the presence of increasing income. For 96 of the world’s largest metropolitan areas, we test the effects of panel data on income, growth across several services industry sectors and other controls on levels of course particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Sulfur dioxide (SO2) during 2005–2017. We find that reductions of all four air pollutants are associated with local growth in public administration, environmental and health services industry sectors linked specifically to government spending, while pollution increases are associated with growth in manufacturing and mining industries. This affords important nuance to the debate on the reconcilability of economic growth and environmental protection, and on a more spatially granular scale.
{"title":"Metropolitan air pollution abatement and industrial growth: Global urban panel analysis of PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and SO2","authors":"Benjamin Leffel, Nikki Tavasoli, Brantley Liddle, Kent E. Henderson, Sabrina Kiernan","doi":"10.1080/23251042.2021.1975349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2021.1975349","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study re-scales analysis of global environmental change down to the city-level, where it is becoming increasingly significant, to examine the relationship between air pollution abatement and industrial growth. Treadmill of Production theorists argue that economic growth leads to increased pollution, while Environmental Kuznets Curve research suggests that income increases initially lead to pollution increases, but begins to result in reductions after an economy transitions from manufacturing to services-based industries. We investigate whether growth in specific services industries is associated with pollution abatement in the presence of increasing income. For 96 of the world’s largest metropolitan areas, we test the effects of panel data on income, growth across several services industry sectors and other controls on levels of course particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Sulfur dioxide (SO2) during 2005–2017. We find that reductions of all four air pollutants are associated with local growth in public administration, environmental and health services industry sectors linked specifically to government spending, while pollution increases are associated with growth in manufacturing and mining industries. This affords important nuance to the debate on the reconcilability of economic growth and environmental protection, and on a more spatially granular scale.","PeriodicalId":54173,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43473740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-12DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1975350
D. Mallinson, K. Cheng
ABSTRACT Climate change is perhaps the most pressing problem facing humanity over the coming century. One proposed solution to climate change is reducing employee work hours which potentially allows for degrowth or the radical restructuring of the economy without greatly increasing unemployment. Using 2007–2013 data from the United States, research by Fitzgerald, Schor, and Jorgenson lent support to this policy option by finding a positive and statistically significant relationship between average work hours and state-level CO2 emissions. We replicated their analyses by including more recent data and confirmed the linkage between the average hours worked in a state and annual overall CO2 emissions. Moreover, we found that this direct relationship is stronger in the most recently added data (2014 to 2017). We conclude this replication exercise by providing additional policy suggestions.
{"title":"The relationship between state-level carbon emissions and average working hours in the United States: a replication study","authors":"D. Mallinson, K. Cheng","doi":"10.1080/23251042.2021.1975350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2021.1975350","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Climate change is perhaps the most pressing problem facing humanity over the coming century. One proposed solution to climate change is reducing employee work hours which potentially allows for degrowth or the radical restructuring of the economy without greatly increasing unemployment. Using 2007–2013 data from the United States, research by Fitzgerald, Schor, and Jorgenson lent support to this policy option by finding a positive and statistically significant relationship between average work hours and state-level CO2 emissions. We replicated their analyses by including more recent data and confirmed the linkage between the average hours worked in a state and annual overall CO2 emissions. Moreover, we found that this direct relationship is stronger in the most recently added data (2014 to 2017). We conclude this replication exercise by providing additional policy suggestions.","PeriodicalId":54173,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49061157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1973656
Timothy J. Haney
ABSTRACT Recent research in the area of science and technology studies focuses on climate change denial, the spread of misinformation, and public distrust in climate scientists; these beliefs are held especially by those dependent on fossil fuel extraction for their livelihoods. Many of the same individuals who deny the scientific consensus on climate change are nevertheless directly impacted by the climate crisis and environmental disasters. In fossil fuel dependent locations, do people continue to deny the scientific consensus on climate change and distrust climate scientists even after themselves experiencing a catastrophic flood? This paper investigates this question through interviews with 40 people affected by the 2013 Southern Alberta Flood, the costliest flood in Canadian history, who also live in the City of Calgary, the economic hub for Canada’s tar sands. Results indicate the participants rejected the scientific consensus on climate change, voiced a distrust in the motivations of climate scientists, though hoped they would one day discover the ‘truth’, and worked discursively to protect the oil industry. The findings reveal the complexity of post-disaster environmental views and trust in science, as well as how fossil fuel dependence shapes these views.
{"title":"‘Scientists don’t care about truth anymore’: the climate crisis and rejection of science in Canada’s oil country","authors":"Timothy J. Haney","doi":"10.1080/23251042.2021.1973656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2021.1973656","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent research in the area of science and technology studies focuses on climate change denial, the spread of misinformation, and public distrust in climate scientists; these beliefs are held especially by those dependent on fossil fuel extraction for their livelihoods. Many of the same individuals who deny the scientific consensus on climate change are nevertheless directly impacted by the climate crisis and environmental disasters. In fossil fuel dependent locations, do people continue to deny the scientific consensus on climate change and distrust climate scientists even after themselves experiencing a catastrophic flood? This paper investigates this question through interviews with 40 people affected by the 2013 Southern Alberta Flood, the costliest flood in Canadian history, who also live in the City of Calgary, the economic hub for Canada’s tar sands. Results indicate the participants rejected the scientific consensus on climate change, voiced a distrust in the motivations of climate scientists, though hoped they would one day discover the ‘truth’, and worked discursively to protect the oil industry. The findings reveal the complexity of post-disaster environmental views and trust in science, as well as how fossil fuel dependence shapes these views.","PeriodicalId":54173,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47754085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1970436
Dilshani Sarathchandra, K. Haltinner, Matthew Grindal
ABSTRACT In this paper we argue that climate change skepticism is an opinion-based social identity rooted in subjectively perceived marginality and exclusion from climate science. We use 33 interviews conducted with climate skeptics in Idaho and scholarship on social identity theory to examine identity construction among skeptics. Skeptics construct themselves as open-minded truth-seeking questioners of climate change and social outsiders who face ostracism from climate scientists, while concurrently producing an understanding of climate scientists as an oppositional identity: untrustworthy and exclusive. Skeptics’ identity construction provides insights into their trust/distrust judgments of climatology and suggests new pathways to effectively communicate climate change across social groups.
{"title":"Climate skeptics’ identity construction and (Dis)trust in science in the United States","authors":"Dilshani Sarathchandra, K. Haltinner, Matthew Grindal","doi":"10.1080/23251042.2021.1970436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2021.1970436","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper we argue that climate change skepticism is an opinion-based social identity rooted in subjectively perceived marginality and exclusion from climate science. We use 33 interviews conducted with climate skeptics in Idaho and scholarship on social identity theory to examine identity construction among skeptics. Skeptics construct themselves as open-minded truth-seeking questioners of climate change and social outsiders who face ostracism from climate scientists, while concurrently producing an understanding of climate scientists as an oppositional identity: untrustworthy and exclusive. Skeptics’ identity construction provides insights into their trust/distrust judgments of climatology and suggests new pathways to effectively communicate climate change across social groups.","PeriodicalId":54173,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43914787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1958545
Christine Horne, E. Kennedy
ABSTRACT Renewable energy may have smaller environmental benefits than expected because reductions in carbon emissions may be offset by increased consumption. We conduct an online vignette experiment with United States (US) residents to examine how people evaluate household electricity use. We show that participants negatively evaluate households that use a lot of electricity, but that evaluations vary depending on the source of the electricity and the political orientation of the observer. Democrats and Republicans negatively evaluate households that use a lot of electricity and react positively to households that use solar energy. For Democrats, negative effects of high use on evaluations are moderated by electricity source – the household’s solar panels or the utility company. The amount and source of use interact to affect approval of the household and evaluations of the household’s competence, morality, and social desirability. In contrast, for Republicans, use of solar energy has this moderation effect on evaluations of household competence. These results show that Republicans attach less moral and social weight to a household’s energy source than Democrats, and provide evidence of a normative mechanism that may have implications for understanding the rebound effect.
{"title":"Understanding the rebound: normative evaluations of energy use in the United States","authors":"Christine Horne, E. Kennedy","doi":"10.1080/23251042.2021.1958545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2021.1958545","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Renewable energy may have smaller environmental benefits than expected because reductions in carbon emissions may be offset by increased consumption. We conduct an online vignette experiment with United States (US) residents to examine how people evaluate household electricity use. We show that participants negatively evaluate households that use a lot of electricity, but that evaluations vary depending on the source of the electricity and the political orientation of the observer. Democrats and Republicans negatively evaluate households that use a lot of electricity and react positively to households that use solar energy. For Democrats, negative effects of high use on evaluations are moderated by electricity source – the household’s solar panels or the utility company. The amount and source of use interact to affect approval of the household and evaluations of the household’s competence, morality, and social desirability. In contrast, for Republicans, use of solar energy has this moderation effect on evaluations of household competence. These results show that Republicans attach less moral and social weight to a household’s energy source than Democrats, and provide evidence of a normative mechanism that may have implications for understanding the rebound effect.","PeriodicalId":54173,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23251042.2021.1958545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46064067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1960098
John Sonnett
ABSTRACT Studies have shown that contrasting understandings of climate change (CC) and global warming (GW) are associated with political identities in the US, however, less is understood about how these differences are represented in news media. This study examines how the problem names CC and GW are associated with risk-related keywords in a field of online US news media. Results show that the contrast between CC and GW corresponds with a distinction between risk and danger, with newspapers and left/liberal media linking risk with CC and cable news and right/conservative media linking danger with GW. A secondary contrast between mainstream and alternative media shows mainstream news sites connecting both CC and GW to risk-related knowledge (uncertain, probability) while alternative left- and right-wing sites connect CC and GW to risk-related action (endanger, threaten). This study contributes to the understanding of climate risk by identifying how CC and GW are framed and politicized in the media through the use of risk-related keywords. These findings can inform how climate communicators and researchers engage with diverse and divergent audiences.
{"title":"Climate change risks and global warming dangers: a field analysis of online US news media","authors":"John Sonnett","doi":"10.1080/23251042.2021.1960098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2021.1960098","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies have shown that contrasting understandings of climate change (CC) and global warming (GW) are associated with political identities in the US, however, less is understood about how these differences are represented in news media. This study examines how the problem names CC and GW are associated with risk-related keywords in a field of online US news media. Results show that the contrast between CC and GW corresponds with a distinction between risk and danger, with newspapers and left/liberal media linking risk with CC and cable news and right/conservative media linking danger with GW. A secondary contrast between mainstream and alternative media shows mainstream news sites connecting both CC and GW to risk-related knowledge (uncertain, probability) while alternative left- and right-wing sites connect CC and GW to risk-related action (endanger, threaten). This study contributes to the understanding of climate risk by identifying how CC and GW are framed and politicized in the media through the use of risk-related keywords. These findings can inform how climate communicators and researchers engage with diverse and divergent audiences.","PeriodicalId":54173,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48242960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-06DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1942604
Jeanine Cunningham, Michael C. Dreiling
ABSTRACT Examining all donations of one-million dollars or more to environmental and animal-related causes from 2000–10 in the U.S., this paper employs network methodologies to identify structural patterns in elite philanthropy. Employing k-plex algorithms, analysis demonstrates robust, overlapping donor-recipient ties forming meaningful subcomponents within the larger network. In addition to donor-recipient subgroups that partition along major environmental and animal-related issues, we find politically polarized subcomponents among organizations engaged in energy and climate change. Here it is argued that these observed substructures in the network reflect an intra-elite fracture that mirrors ideological differences of donors and a larger partisan polarization on these issues in the U.S. These findings substantiate a critical theory of foundations and elite philanthropy that accounts for their role in establishing, maintaining, and at times contesting forms of political hegemony favorable to their factional interests.
{"title":"Elite networks for environmental philanthropy: shaping environmental agendas in the twenty-first century","authors":"Jeanine Cunningham, Michael C. Dreiling","doi":"10.1080/23251042.2021.1942604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2021.1942604","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Examining all donations of one-million dollars or more to environmental and animal-related causes from 2000–10 in the U.S., this paper employs network methodologies to identify structural patterns in elite philanthropy. Employing k-plex algorithms, analysis demonstrates robust, overlapping donor-recipient ties forming meaningful subcomponents within the larger network. In addition to donor-recipient subgroups that partition along major environmental and animal-related issues, we find politically polarized subcomponents among organizations engaged in energy and climate change. Here it is argued that these observed substructures in the network reflect an intra-elite fracture that mirrors ideological differences of donors and a larger partisan polarization on these issues in the U.S. These findings substantiate a critical theory of foundations and elite philanthropy that accounts for their role in establishing, maintaining, and at times contesting forms of political hegemony favorable to their factional interests.","PeriodicalId":54173,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23251042.2021.1942604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44641872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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