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The relationship between state-level carbon emissions and average working hours in the United States: a replication study 美国州级碳排放量与平均工作时间之间的关系:一项复制研究
IF 2.5 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-09-12 DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1975350
D. Mallinson, K. Cheng
ABSTRACT Climate change is perhaps the most pressing problem facing humanity over the coming century. One proposed solution to climate change is reducing employee work hours which potentially allows for degrowth or the radical restructuring of the economy without greatly increasing unemployment. Using 2007–2013 data from the United States, research by Fitzgerald, Schor, and Jorgenson lent support to this policy option by finding a positive and statistically significant relationship between average work hours and state-level CO2 emissions. We replicated their analyses by including more recent data and confirmed the linkage between the average hours worked in a state and annual overall CO2 emissions. Moreover, we found that this direct relationship is stronger in the most recently added data (2014 to 2017). We conclude this replication exercise by providing additional policy suggestions.
摘要气候变化可能是人类在下个世纪面临的最紧迫的问题。气候变化的一个拟议解决方案是减少员工工作时间,这可能会在不大幅增加失业率的情况下实现经济衰退或彻底重组。Fitzgerald、Schor和Jorgenson的研究利用美国2007-2013年的数据,通过发现平均工作时间与州级二氧化碳排放量之间存在积极且具有统计学意义的关系,为这一政策选择提供了支持。我们通过纳入更新的数据来复制他们的分析,并证实了一个州的平均工作时间与年度总二氧化碳排放量之间的联系。此外,我们发现,在最近添加的数据(2014年至2017年)中,这种直接关系更强。最后,我们提出了更多的政策建议,以此作为复制工作的总结。
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引用次数: 5
‘Scientists don’t care about truth anymore’: the climate crisis and rejection of science in Canada’s oil country “科学家不再关心真相了”:气候危机和加拿大石油国家对科学的排斥
IF 2.5 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-08-30 DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1973656
Timothy J. Haney
ABSTRACT Recent research in the area of science and technology studies focuses on climate change denial, the spread of misinformation, and public distrust in climate scientists; these beliefs are held especially by those dependent on fossil fuel extraction for their livelihoods. Many of the same individuals who deny the scientific consensus on climate change are nevertheless directly impacted by the climate crisis and environmental disasters. In fossil fuel dependent locations, do people continue to deny the scientific consensus on climate change and distrust climate scientists even after themselves experiencing a catastrophic flood? This paper investigates this question through interviews with 40 people affected by the 2013 Southern Alberta Flood, the costliest flood in Canadian history, who also live in the City of Calgary, the economic hub for Canada’s tar sands. Results indicate the participants rejected the scientific consensus on climate change, voiced a distrust in the motivations of climate scientists, though hoped they would one day discover the ‘truth’, and worked discursively to protect the oil industry. The findings reveal the complexity of post-disaster environmental views and trust in science, as well as how fossil fuel dependence shapes these views.
摘要科技研究领域的最新研究集中在否认气候变化、错误信息的传播以及公众对气候科学家的不信任;这些信念尤其被那些以化石燃料开采为生的人所持有。然而,许多否认气候变化科学共识的人却直接受到气候危机和环境灾难的影响。在依赖化石燃料的地区,即使在经历了灾难性的洪水之后,人们是否仍继续否认气候变化的科学共识,不信任气候科学家?本文通过采访40名受2013年阿尔伯塔省南部洪水影响的人来调查这个问题,这是加拿大历史上代价最高的洪水,他们也住在加拿大焦油砂的经济中心卡尔加里市。结果表明,参与者拒绝接受关于气候变化的科学共识,对气候科学家的动机表示不信任,尽管他们希望有一天能发现“真相”,并努力保护石油行业。这些发现揭示了灾后环境观点和对科学的信任的复杂性,以及化石燃料依赖如何塑造这些观点。
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引用次数: 6
Climate skeptics’ identity construction and (Dis)trust in science in the United States 美国气候怀疑论者的身份建构和对科学的不信任
IF 2.5 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1970436
Dilshani Sarathchandra, K. Haltinner, Matthew Grindal
ABSTRACT In this paper we argue that climate change skepticism is an opinion-based social identity rooted in subjectively perceived marginality and exclusion from climate science. We use 33 interviews conducted with climate skeptics in Idaho and scholarship on social identity theory to examine identity construction among skeptics. Skeptics construct themselves as open-minded truth-seeking questioners of climate change and social outsiders who face ostracism from climate scientists, while concurrently producing an understanding of climate scientists as an oppositional identity: untrustworthy and exclusive. Skeptics’ identity construction provides insights into their trust/distrust judgments of climatology and suggests new pathways to effectively communicate climate change across social groups.
本文认为,气候变化怀疑论是一种基于意见的社会认同,根植于主观感知的边缘化和被排除在气候科学之外。我们使用与爱达荷州气候怀疑论者进行的33次访谈和社会认同理论的奖学金来研究怀疑论者的身份建构。怀疑论者把自己塑造成思想开放、寻求真相的气候变化问题提问者和面临气候科学家排斥的社会局外人,同时把气候科学家理解为一种对立的身份:不值得信任和排他性。怀疑论者的身份建构提供了他们对气候学的信任/不信任判断的见解,并提出了在社会群体中有效沟通气候变化的新途径。
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引用次数: 6
Understanding the rebound: normative evaluations of energy use in the United States 理解反弹:对美国能源使用的规范性评估
IF 2.5 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1958545
Christine Horne, E. Kennedy
ABSTRACT Renewable energy may have smaller environmental benefits than expected because reductions in carbon emissions may be offset by increased consumption. We conduct an online vignette experiment with United States (US) residents to examine how people evaluate household electricity use. We show that participants negatively evaluate households that use a lot of electricity, but that evaluations vary depending on the source of the electricity and the political orientation of the observer. Democrats and Republicans negatively evaluate households that use a lot of electricity and react positively to households that use solar energy. For Democrats, negative effects of high use on evaluations are moderated by electricity source – the household’s solar panels or the utility company. The amount and source of use interact to affect approval of the household and evaluations of the household’s competence, morality, and social desirability. In contrast, for Republicans, use of solar energy has this moderation effect on evaluations of household competence. These results show that Republicans attach less moral and social weight to a household’s energy source than Democrats, and provide evidence of a normative mechanism that may have implications for understanding the rebound effect.
摘要可再生能源的环境效益可能低于预期,因为碳排放的减少可能会被消费的增加所抵消。我们对美国居民进行了一项在线小插曲实验,以研究人们如何评估家庭用电。我们发现,参与者对用电量大的家庭进行了负面评价,但评价因电力来源和观察者的政治取向而异。民主党人和共和党人对用电量大的家庭持负面评价,对使用太阳能的家庭持积极反应。对民主党人来说,高使用量对评估的负面影响由电源——家庭的太阳能电池板或公用事业公司——来调节。使用的数量和来源相互作用,影响对家庭的认可以及对家庭能力、道德和社会期望的评估。相比之下,对于共和党人来说,太阳能的使用对家庭能力的评估有这种温和的影响。这些结果表明,共和党人对家庭能源的道德和社会重视程度低于民主党人,并提供了规范机制的证据,这可能对理解反弹效应有影响。
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引用次数: 1
Climate change risks and global warming dangers: a field analysis of online US news media 气候变化风险与全球变暖危险——美国在线新闻媒体的实地分析
IF 2.5 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1960098
John Sonnett
ABSTRACT Studies have shown that contrasting understandings of climate change (CC) and global warming (GW) are associated with political identities in the US, however, less is understood about how these differences are represented in news media. This study examines how the problem names CC and GW are associated with risk-related keywords in a field of online US news media. Results show that the contrast between CC and GW corresponds with a distinction between risk and danger, with newspapers and left/liberal media linking risk with CC and cable news and right/conservative media linking danger with GW. A secondary contrast between mainstream and alternative media shows mainstream news sites connecting both CC and GW to risk-related knowledge (uncertain, probability) while alternative left- and right-wing sites connect CC and GW to risk-related action (endanger, threaten). This study contributes to the understanding of climate risk by identifying how CC and GW are framed and politicized in the media through the use of risk-related keywords. These findings can inform how climate communicators and researchers engage with diverse and divergent audiences.
摘要研究表明,对气候变化(CC)和全球变暖(GW)的不同理解与美国的政治身份有关,但对这些差异在新闻媒体中的表现却知之甚少。本研究考察了问题名称CC和GW如何与美国在线新闻媒体领域的风险相关关键词相关联。结果表明,CC和GW之间的对比符合风险和危险的区别,报纸和左翼/自由派媒体将风险与CC联系起来,有线新闻和右翼/保守派媒体将危险与GW联系起来。主流媒体和另类媒体之间的二次对比显示,主流新闻网站将CC和GW与风险相关知识(不确定、概率)联系起来,而另类左翼和右翼网站则将CC和GW与风险相关行动(危害、威胁)联系起来。这项研究通过使用与风险相关的关键词,确定CC和GW在媒体中是如何被框定和政治化的,有助于理解气候风险。这些发现可以为气候传播者和研究人员如何与不同的受众互动提供信息。
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引用次数: 5
Elite networks for environmental philanthropy: shaping environmental agendas in the twenty-first century 环境慈善事业的精英网络:塑造21世纪的环境议程
IF 2.5 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-07-06 DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1942604
Jeanine Cunningham, Michael C. Dreiling
ABSTRACT Examining all donations of one-million dollars or more to environmental and animal-related causes from 2000–10 in the U.S., this paper employs network methodologies to identify structural patterns in elite philanthropy. Employing k-plex algorithms, analysis demonstrates robust, overlapping donor-recipient ties forming meaningful subcomponents within the larger network. In addition to donor-recipient subgroups that partition along major environmental and animal-related issues, we find politically polarized subcomponents among organizations engaged in energy and climate change. Here it is argued that these observed substructures in the network reflect an intra-elite fracture that mirrors ideological differences of donors and a larger partisan polarization on these issues in the U.S. These findings substantiate a critical theory of foundations and elite philanthropy that accounts for their role in establishing, maintaining, and at times contesting forms of political hegemony favorable to their factional interests.
本文考察了2000 - 2010年间美国对环境和动物相关事业的所有100万美元以上的捐款,运用网络方法来识别精英慈善事业的结构模式。采用k-plex算法,分析证明了在更大的网络中形成有意义的子组件的鲁棒,重叠的供体-受体关系。除了在主要环境和动物相关问题上划分的捐助者-受援国子群体外,我们还发现,在从事能源和气候变化的组织中,政治上存在两极分化的子群体。本文认为,这些观察到的网络中的子结构反映了精英内部的分裂,反映了捐赠者的意识形态差异和美国在这些问题上更大的党派分化。这些发现证实了一个关于基金会和精英慈善事业的批判理论,该理论解释了基金会和精英慈善事业在建立、维持和有时竞争有利于其派系利益的政治霸权形式方面的作用。
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引用次数: 1
Walking the talk on research and publication ethics 行走在研究与出版伦理的谈话中
IF 2.5 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1963562
S. Lockie
Exposing injustice and inequality is a raison d’être for sociology. Environmental sociologists interrogate not only the social and economic causes of ecological crises but the violence perpetuated on communities via ecosystem disruption and natural resource depletion. Through our engagements with communities, social movements, multidisciplinary research programs and policy-makers we seek to uncover, to explain and, most of all, to transform, destructive social-ecological relations through positive social and environmental change.
揭露不公正和不平等是社会学存在的理由。环境社会学家不仅质疑生态危机的社会和经济原因,还质疑生态系统破坏和自然资源枯竭对社区造成的暴力。通过与社区、社会运动、多学科研究项目和政策制定者的接触,我们寻求通过积极的社会和环境变化来揭示、解释,最重要的是,改变破坏性的社会生态关系。
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引用次数: 0
A study of households’ intention towards solar panel installation case study: villagers of the northern regions of Iran 家庭安装太阳能电池板意愿研究——以伊朗北部地区村民为例
IF 2.5 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1927293
S. Karimzadeh, S. Salehi
ABSTRACT Taking into account the devastating consequences of greenhouse gas emissions and therefore shifting energy from fossil fuels into renewable resources to achieve low-carbon societies has become one of the greatest challenges of our world. As a high-rate energy consumption country and carbon-intensive economy, Iran with its immense sun-kissed lands is greatly prone to develop the renewables’ share in its energy consumption basket. By implementing an integrated analytical model based on Diffusion of Innovation theory (DOI) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) this study has investigated households’ intention to apply solar panel technology for residential consumption. A total of 462 completed questionnaires were collected among villagers of Mazandaran to validate the proposed hypotheses by using structural equation modeling. Overall, a designed model that included the variables of compatibility, relative advantage, perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) explained 23% of the variances of households’ intention. While the results also confirmed significant paths from perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) to installation intention, the study concluded that due to the weaknesses in communication channels, lack of appropriate energy culture and unprepared social structure, achieving the objectives of solar panel development is a premature target for the current context.
考虑到温室气体排放的破坏性后果,因此将能源从化石燃料转向可再生资源以实现低碳社会已成为我们世界面临的最大挑战之一。作为一个高能耗国家和碳密集型经济体,伊朗拥有广阔的阳光普照的土地,非常倾向于发展可再生能源在其能源消费篮子中的份额。本研究运用基于创新扩散理论(DOI)和技术接受模型(TAM)的综合分析模型,考察了家庭将太阳能电池板技术应用于住宅消费的意愿。在Mazandaran村村民中共收集了462份问卷,采用结构方程模型验证了本文的假设。总体而言,一个包含兼容性、相对优势、感知易用性(PEOU)和感知有用性(PU)变量的设计模型解释了23%的家庭意向差异。虽然结果也证实了从感知有用性(PU)和感知易用性(PEOU)到安装意图的重要途径,但研究得出的结论是,由于沟通渠道的薄弱,缺乏适当的能源文化和未准备好的社会结构,实现太阳能电池板发展目标在当前背景下是一个过早的目标。
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引用次数: 6
Understanding forest pictures on social media– A method to grasp nonverbal dimensions of human–nature relationships 理解社交媒体上的森林图片——一种掌握人与自然关系非语言维度的方法
IF 2.5 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1923157
Jasmin Breithut, Wiebke Hebermehl, Stephanie Bethmann, Kristina Wirth
ABSTRACT The increasing importance of images as an everyday medium of communication (e.g. in consequence of the use of smartphones and social media) has led to an intensive engagement of the social sciences with the methodological accessibility of images. In this paper we present a qualitative image analysis method developed to understand nonverbal dimensions of human-nature relationships. The method is methodologically substantiated and presented in form of a step-by-step guideline. It offers an opportunity to transfer images into words by accepting the images characteristic materiality. Furthermore, an example analysis of a picture posted on a social media platform is provided. Based on this, this paper asks and discusses what research dedicated to the visual can do for environmental sociology regarding content-related insights as well as regarding methodological issues addressing a sociological research that rethinks and expands its repertoire to increasingly involve more-than-human actors in environmental sociology. In this way, the paper aims to discuss the added value of the suggested method and its potential to improve the understanding of sensory and emotional dimensions of human-nature relationships in the context of environmental sociology.
图像作为日常交流媒介的重要性日益增加(例如,由于智能手机和社交媒体的使用),导致社会科学与图像的方法学可及性的密集参与。在本文中,我们提出了一种定性图像分析方法,用于理解人与自然关系的非语言维度。该方法在方法学上得到证实,并以逐步指南的形式呈现。它通过接受图像的物质性特征,为将图像转化为文字提供了机会。此外,还提供了发布在社交媒体平台上的图片的示例分析。在此基础上,本文询问并讨论了致力于视觉的研究可以为环境社会学做些什么,包括与内容相关的见解以及解决社会学研究的方法问题,这些社会学研究需要重新思考和扩展其技能,以越来越多地涉及环境社会学中超越人类的行动者。通过这种方式,本文旨在讨论所建议方法的附加价值及其在环境社会学背景下提高对人与自然关系的感官和情感维度的理解的潜力。
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引用次数: 1
‘Bringing time back in’. Towards a socio-ecological stratification of time “把时间带回来”。走向时间的社会生态分层
IF 2.5 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-04-25 DOI: 10.1080/23251042.2021.1910454
Coline Ruwet
ABSTRACT This article aims to contribute to ‘bringing time back in’ environmental sociology. Drawing on the work of Michael Carolan and Henri Lefebvre, a new analytical framework is set forth. It connects an ontological social-biophysical stratification of time (what is time?) and a time epistemological quartet (how do we develop knowledge claims about time?). These analytical inputs open up new research avenues to overcome the epistemic barriers related to temporality as well as new insight on how to cross the great divide between ‘natural time’ and ‘social time’.
摘要本文旨在为环境社会学的“时光倒流”做出贡献。借鉴迈克尔·卡罗兰和亨利·列斐伏尔的研究成果,提出了一个新的分析框架。它连接了时间的本体论社会生物物理分层(什么是时间?)和时间认识论四重奏(我们如何发展关于时间的知识主张?)。这些分析投入为克服与时间性相关的认识障碍开辟了新的研究途径,也为如何跨越“自然时间”和“社会时间”之间的巨大鸿沟提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Environmental Sociology
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