Pub Date : 2018-02-22DOI: 10.1177/0971333617747321
R. Mohan, Mrinmoyi Kulkarni
The objective of this study was to understand the experience of parents of children with intellectual difficulties. In the context of a developing country where social services are minimal, the onus of a child’s development lies squarely with the parents. A total of 32 parents from Mumbai were asked to describe their experience of raising a special child. The narratives were analysed using the grounded theory method and the dominant themes with respect to resilience that emerged were acceptance, cognitive adaptation, positive affect (PA), social support and self-efficacy. Based on these themes a theoretical model, linking perception, cognition, emotion and behaviour in the development of resilience, has been proposed.
{"title":"Resilience in Parents of Children with Intellectual Disabilities","authors":"R. Mohan, Mrinmoyi Kulkarni","doi":"10.1177/0971333617747321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971333617747321","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to understand the experience of parents of children with intellectual difficulties. In the context of a developing country where social services are minimal, the onus of a child’s development lies squarely with the parents. A total of 32 parents from Mumbai were asked to describe their experience of raising a special child. The narratives were analysed using the grounded theory method and the dominant themes with respect to resilience that emerged were acceptance, cognitive adaptation, positive affect (PA), social support and self-efficacy. Based on these themes a theoretical model, linking perception, cognition, emotion and behaviour in the development of resilience, has been proposed.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971333617747321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44715247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-05DOI: 10.1177/0971333617747349
A. Benjamin
Combined forces of colonialism, tribalism and apartheid were influential, powerful and controlling legislators behind the continued cycle of violence in South Africa. The capacity for healing in the face of ongoing adversity has received growing attention in contexts of historical trauma and the developing world where an understanding of the cultural and historical past is crucial to healing. Notwithstanding, the parallel significance of multilevel and multidimensional connection as central to the process of healing trauma individually and collectively within the context of ongoing violence requires further exploration. This qualitative narrative study consisted of 18 in-depth individual interviews and two follow-up focus groups with women lay counsellors. Women’s narratives were subjected to narrative analysis. Themes reflect counsellors’ healing journeys in the context of historical and continuous trauma and demonstrate elements of connection which facilitate or hinder the process of healing in this community. Findings suggest that participants viewed the worth of multilevel connection to their internal worlds and the world around them as critical to their healing—without the element of connection, healing does not occur and the cycle of disconnection and violence continues.
{"title":"Multilevel Connection as a Pathway to Healing in a Low-income South African Community","authors":"A. Benjamin","doi":"10.1177/0971333617747349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971333617747349","url":null,"abstract":"Combined forces of colonialism, tribalism and apartheid were influential, powerful and controlling legislators behind the continued cycle of violence in South Africa. The capacity for healing in the face of ongoing adversity has received growing attention in contexts of historical trauma and the developing world where an understanding of the cultural and historical past is crucial to healing. Notwithstanding, the parallel significance of multilevel and multidimensional connection as central to the process of healing trauma individually and collectively within the context of ongoing violence requires further exploration. This qualitative narrative study consisted of 18 in-depth individual interviews and two follow-up focus groups with women lay counsellors. Women’s narratives were subjected to narrative analysis. Themes reflect counsellors’ healing journeys in the context of historical and continuous trauma and demonstrate elements of connection which facilitate or hinder the process of healing in this community. Findings suggest that participants viewed the worth of multilevel connection to their internal worlds and the world around them as critical to their healing—without the element of connection, healing does not occur and the cycle of disconnection and violence continues.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971333617747349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44711213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danming An, Natalie D Eggum-Wilkens, Sophia Chae, Sarah R Hayford, Scott T Yabiku, Jennifer E Glick, Linlin Zhang
Adults in Nepal (N = 14) and Malawi (N = 12) were interviewed about their views regarding social competence of 5- to 17-year-old children in their societies. Both Nepali and Malawian adults discussed themes consistent with those expected in collectivistic societies with economic challenges (e.g., respect and obedience, family responsibilities, social relationships). There were also unique themes emphasized in each country, which may correspond with country-specific religious beliefs or social problems (e.g., rules and self-control, sexual restraint). Nepali adults described a wider variety of socialization strategies compared with Malawian adults. Results provide novel information regarding adults' perceptions of children's social competence in Nepal and Malawi and may help guide the development of measures of social competence.
{"title":"Adults' Conceptualisations of Children's Social Competence in Nepal and Malawi.","authors":"Danming An, Natalie D Eggum-Wilkens, Sophia Chae, Sarah R Hayford, Scott T Yabiku, Jennifer E Glick, Linlin Zhang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adults in Nepal (<i>N</i> = 14) and Malawi (<i>N</i> = 12) were interviewed about their views regarding social competence of 5- to 17-year-old children in their societies. Both Nepali and Malawian adults discussed themes consistent with those expected in collectivistic societies with economic challenges (e.g., respect and obedience, family responsibilities, social relationships). There were also unique themes emphasized in each country, which may correspond with country-specific religious beliefs or social problems (e.g., rules and self-control, sexual restraint). Nepali adults described a wider variety of socialization strategies compared with Malawian adults. Results provide novel information regarding adults' perceptions of children's social competence in Nepal and Malawi and may help guide the development of measures of social competence.</p>","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6071425/pdf/nihms979493.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41140396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1177/0971333617716832
Rashmi Jaipal
The author argues that if psychologists are to contribute meaningfully to the United Nations’ agenda for sustainable development (SD) 2030, they will need to shift from a model that is biologically based individual model to a holistic, contextual and cultural model. Global media and consumer culture have created unhealthy, social and cultural environments, which are seen as having an adverse effect on psychological health. The article focuses on the culture change coming about due to advancement of technology, changes in values of society and acculturation as the reasons for decrement in mental health (MH) and well-being (WB). Integration of mainstream psychology with indigenous psychology can guide building of environments that sustain physical health and MH as well as societal sustainability.
{"title":"Psychology at the Crossroads","authors":"Rashmi Jaipal","doi":"10.1177/0971333617716832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971333617716832","url":null,"abstract":"The author argues that if psychologists are to contribute meaningfully to the United Nations’ agenda for sustainable development (SD) 2030, they will need to shift from a model that is biologically based individual model to a holistic, contextual and cultural model. Global media and consumer culture have created unhealthy, social and cultural environments, which are seen as having an adverse effect on psychological health. The article focuses on the culture change coming about due to advancement of technology, changes in values of society and acculturation as the reasons for decrement in mental health (MH) and well-being (WB). Integration of mainstream psychology with indigenous psychology can guide building of environments that sustain physical health and MH as well as societal sustainability.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971333617716832","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43481799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1177/0971333617716850
Sudarshan R. Kottai, S. Ranganathan
The dominance of psychiatric practice in India and the relatively obscured homeopathic and Ayurvedic practices are the major issues explicated in Ecks’ Eating Drugs: Psychopharmaceutical Pluralism in India. Overcoming patients’ resistance to compliance is a major task of the Kolkata psychiatrists interviewed by Ecks, and they sought to deal with this by positing drugs as ‘mind food’. Ayurveda and homeopathy are also gradually sidelining their own philosophies and falling in line with biomedicine with respect to commodification and marketing of drugs. The biopolitics involved in the rising mood disorders in India and the concomitant increase in the prescription of mood medications is evidenced by the propagation of a ‘global monoculture of happiness’ by pharmaceutical companies, who instil the notion that pills have solutions to all social ills.
{"title":"Book Review: Stefan Ecks, Eating Drugs: Psychopharmaceutical Pluralism in India","authors":"Sudarshan R. Kottai, S. Ranganathan","doi":"10.1177/0971333617716850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971333617716850","url":null,"abstract":"The dominance of psychiatric practice in India and the relatively obscured homeopathic and Ayurvedic practices are the major issues explicated in Ecks’ Eating Drugs: Psychopharmaceutical Pluralism in India. Overcoming patients’ resistance to compliance is a major task of the Kolkata psychiatrists interviewed by Ecks, and they sought to deal with this by positing drugs as ‘mind food’. Ayurveda and homeopathy are also gradually sidelining their own philosophies and falling in line with biomedicine with respect to commodification and marketing of drugs. The biopolitics involved in the rising mood disorders in India and the concomitant increase in the prescription of mood medications is evidenced by the propagation of a ‘global monoculture of happiness’ by pharmaceutical companies, who instil the notion that pills have solutions to all social ills.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971333617716850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43273039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1177/0971333617716836
U. Leviatan
A large number of studies show that degree of socio-economic inequality ‘within’ a social entity negatively determines levels of well-being and life expectancy, and is positively associated with morbidity and mortality. This relationship holds over and above the impact of average income level. This initially suggested model put forward a causal flow with mediating variables of ‘relative deprivation’ and followed it up with the expressions of ‘social capital’ in the social psychological sense. This article tests, besides these, the role of an additional (relatively little referred to) mediating set of variables between economic inequality and measures of well-being and health, namely levels of physical investments by society (physical social capital [PHSC]) for fulfilling its individual members’ needs. It is proposed that the higher the level of inequality, the lower would be a society’s investments in PHSC (such as in education, health services, job creation, ecology conservation, public transportation and the like) that contribute to health, well-being and survival. The proposition is tested out in two kinds of kibbutz communities: one, ‘traditional’ with strong adherence to social and economic equality among members; and another, ‘transformed’ kibbutzim, where salaries are differential and are based on position or occupation. The two groups of kibbutzim were roughly equated on size, years since settlement, political belonging, economic standing and geographical location. Findings show that the degree of inequality is associated with the level of both psychosocial social capital and PHSC, which in turn contribute independently and cumulatively to levels of peoples’ health and well-being. Transformed kibbutzim are seen as an expression of neoliberal ideology results in the negative effects on health and well-being of individuals and their communities.
{"title":"Physical Social Capital and Psychosocial Social Capital as Mediators Between Socio-economic Inequality and Expressions of Well-being and Health in Israeli Kibbutz Populations","authors":"U. Leviatan","doi":"10.1177/0971333617716836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971333617716836","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of studies show that degree of socio-economic inequality ‘within’ a social entity negatively determines levels of well-being and life expectancy, and is positively associated with morbidity and mortality. This relationship holds over and above the impact of average income level. This initially suggested model put forward a causal flow with mediating variables of ‘relative deprivation’ and followed it up with the expressions of ‘social capital’ in the social psychological sense. This article tests, besides these, the role of an additional (relatively little referred to) mediating set of variables between economic inequality and measures of well-being and health, namely levels of physical investments by society (physical social capital [PHSC]) for fulfilling its individual members’ needs. It is proposed that the higher the level of inequality, the lower would be a society’s investments in PHSC (such as in education, health services, job creation, ecology conservation, public transportation and the like) that contribute to health, well-being and survival. The proposition is tested out in two kinds of kibbutz communities: one, ‘traditional’ with strong adherence to social and economic equality among members; and another, ‘transformed’ kibbutzim, where salaries are differential and are based on position or occupation. The two groups of kibbutzim were roughly equated on size, years since settlement, political belonging, economic standing and geographical location. Findings show that the degree of inequality is associated with the level of both psychosocial social capital and PHSC, which in turn contribute independently and cumulatively to levels of peoples’ health and well-being. Transformed kibbutzim are seen as an expression of neoliberal ideology results in the negative effects on health and well-being of individuals and their communities.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971333617716836","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48539741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1177/0971333617716838
R. Mishra
The study examines the notion of happy life and its ingredients in a rural adivasi (first nation people) community experiencing the influences of acculturation and development taking place in the rapidly globalising world. The study was carried out on 200 males of the Kharwar adivasi group residing in 11 villages of the Naugarh Block of Chanduali district in Uttar Pradesh. The participants, aged 30–60 years, were given the happy life test (Sinha, 1969, Indian villages in transition: A motivational analysis. Delhi: Associated Publishing House) with slight modification in the questions. Content analysis of responses brought out five major elements of happy life, namely economy, relationships, health, meaningful engagements and money. Cluster analysis revealed that only economy, relationships and health were reliable elements of happy life, while the other two elements were outliers. As compared to the happy Kharwars, the less happy Kharwars suggested more number of items as ingredients of happy life. The findings suggest that the ingredients of happy life are culture specific and not universal. It is suggested that, even in the face of a development model, which underscores material possessions, the life of people in traditional societies, such as of the Kharwar, is driven largely by need rather than by greed.
{"title":"Meaning of Happy Life for the Kharwars in India in Their Journey Towards Development","authors":"R. Mishra","doi":"10.1177/0971333617716838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971333617716838","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the notion of happy life and its ingredients in a rural adivasi (first nation people) community experiencing the influences of acculturation and development taking place in the rapidly globalising world. The study was carried out on 200 males of the Kharwar adivasi group residing in 11 villages of the Naugarh Block of Chanduali district in Uttar Pradesh. The participants, aged 30–60 years, were given the happy life test (Sinha, 1969, Indian villages in transition: A motivational analysis. Delhi: Associated Publishing House) with slight modification in the questions. Content analysis of responses brought out five major elements of happy life, namely economy, relationships, health, meaningful engagements and money. Cluster analysis revealed that only economy, relationships and health were reliable elements of happy life, while the other two elements were outliers. As compared to the happy Kharwars, the less happy Kharwars suggested more number of items as ingredients of happy life. The findings suggest that the ingredients of happy life are culture specific and not universal. It is suggested that, even in the face of a development model, which underscores material possessions, the life of people in traditional societies, such as of the Kharwar, is driven largely by need rather than by greed.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971333617716838","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41729940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1177/0971333617721761
R. C. Tripathi, Sunita Singh
This article focuses on a social intervention effort that has been going on for about 15 years to free a group of people who have been under debt bondage in rural India. They have worked as members of self-help groups (SHGs) and now are members of a producers’ company devoted to the cause of organic farming. The article investigates the role that is played by greed, altruism and social capital in sustainability perceptions of such villagers who only recently got exposed to the ways of an aspirational society. We found that greed and altruism played very little part in predicting sustainability perceptions, but social capital was a major predictor. While bonding social capital enhanced sustainability perception, bridging social capital reduced it. The results are understood in the overall social context of the Indian rural society and the social processes that unfolded during this intervention.
{"title":"Psychosocial Pathways Towards a Sustainable Society","authors":"R. C. Tripathi, Sunita Singh","doi":"10.1177/0971333617721761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971333617721761","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on a social intervention effort that has been going on for about 15 years to free a group of people who have been under debt bondage in rural India. They have worked as members of self-help groups (SHGs) and now are members of a producers’ company devoted to the cause of organic farming. The article investigates the role that is played by greed, altruism and social capital in sustainability perceptions of such villagers who only recently got exposed to the ways of an aspirational society. We found that greed and altruism played very little part in predicting sustainability perceptions, but social capital was a major predictor. While bonding social capital enhanced sustainability perception, bridging social capital reduced it. The results are understood in the overall social context of the Indian rural society and the social processes that unfolded during this intervention.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971333617721761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42816720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1177/0971333617716849
Sarojini Naidoo, S. Collings
In Africa, data on the prevalence and predictors of death and suicidal ideation is lacking. In this study, a cross-sectional design was used to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for death and suicidal ideation in a cohort of 239 psychiatric patients receiving outpatient treatment at nine sites in the Durban area (South Africa) in 2015. Prevalence rates for death and suicidal ideation were high, with 35 (16%) patients reporting death ideation and 95 (40%) reporting suicidal ideation. Both death and suicidal ideation were significantly associated with unemployment (ORs = 2.61 and 2.34, respectively) and a primary diagnosis of depressive disorder (ORs = 4.72 and 6.54, respectively). Factors that uniquely predicted death ideation were: not being in an intimate relationship (OR = 6.45), ethnicity (being Indian South African: OR = 3.28) and a primary diagnosis of bipolar disorder (OR = 4.61), with suicidal ideation being uniquely predicted by a lower level of educational attainment (OR 2.86), ethnicity (being Black South African: OR = 3.36) and a primary diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (OR = 7.14). Study findings are discussed in terms of their implications for practice and future research.
{"title":"Suicidal and Death Ideation in a Cohort of Psychiatric Outpatients","authors":"Sarojini Naidoo, S. Collings","doi":"10.1177/0971333617716849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0971333617716849","url":null,"abstract":"In Africa, data on the prevalence and predictors of death and suicidal ideation is lacking. In this study, a cross-sectional design was used to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for death and suicidal ideation in a cohort of 239 psychiatric patients receiving outpatient treatment at nine sites in the Durban area (South Africa) in 2015. Prevalence rates for death and suicidal ideation were high, with 35 (16%) patients reporting death ideation and 95 (40%) reporting suicidal ideation. Both death and suicidal ideation were significantly associated with unemployment (ORs = 2.61 and 2.34, respectively) and a primary diagnosis of depressive disorder (ORs = 4.72 and 6.54, respectively). Factors that uniquely predicted death ideation were: not being in an intimate relationship (OR = 6.45), ethnicity (being Indian South African: OR = 3.28) and a primary diagnosis of bipolar disorder (OR = 4.61), with suicidal ideation being uniquely predicted by a lower level of educational attainment (OR 2.86), ethnicity (being Black South African: OR = 3.36) and a primary diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (OR = 7.14). Study findings are discussed in terms of their implications for practice and future research.","PeriodicalId":54177,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Developing Societies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0971333617716849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42229554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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