Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.1177/08854122221108142
Z. Lamb, Luna Khirfan
Urban design is an essential component of planning for climate transformation. However, the concept of transformation in urban design is complicated by the problematic legacy of design-led mega-projects. Such projects, often called Haussmannization, are criticized as inattentive to existing landscape, built, and social environments. While corrective movements have partially addressed criticisms of Haussmannization, they can also hinder justice-centered climate transformation, by empowering already powerful interests to defend status quo conditions or justifying inequity-deepening interventions in the name of climate action, a phenomenon we label climate Haussmannization. We present a schema connecting transformative urban design with procedural, distributive, and recognitional justice.
{"title":"Against Climate Haussmannization: Transformation Through and In Urban Design","authors":"Z. Lamb, Luna Khirfan","doi":"10.1177/08854122221108142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122221108142","url":null,"abstract":"Urban design is an essential component of planning for climate transformation. However, the concept of transformation in urban design is complicated by the problematic legacy of design-led mega-projects. Such projects, often called Haussmannization, are criticized as inattentive to existing landscape, built, and social environments. While corrective movements have partially addressed criticisms of Haussmannization, they can also hinder justice-centered climate transformation, by empowering already powerful interests to defend status quo conditions or justifying inequity-deepening interventions in the name of climate action, a phenomenon we label climate Haussmannization. We present a schema connecting transformative urban design with procedural, distributive, and recognitional justice.","PeriodicalId":54207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Literature","volume":"38 1","pages":"416 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44160386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-22DOI: 10.1177/08854122221102451
Qian He
{"title":"Book Review: Cities for Life: How Communities Can Recover from Trauma and Rebuild for Health by Jason Corburn","authors":"Qian He","doi":"10.1177/08854122221102451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122221102451","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Literature","volume":"37 1","pages":"488 - 488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49393234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-03DOI: 10.1177/08854122221097976
Minje Kim
Despite the wealth of academic research on large-scale urban developments, a comprehensive meta-analysis of the literature is yet to exist. On the one hand, theories on urban change and development have offered useful frameworks for explaining the processes and outcomes of large-scale developments. On the other hand, in-depth case studies have provided profound insights into specific examples. Nevertheless, how the case studies relate to the theoretical debates is unclear. In response, this article undertakes a systematic review of the theories and case studies on large-scale developments and identifies the multitude of ways in which case studies relate to theories.
{"title":"Taking Stock of What We Know About Large-Scale Urban Development Projects: A Review of Existing Theoretical Frameworks and Case Studies","authors":"Minje Kim","doi":"10.1177/08854122221097976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122221097976","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the wealth of academic research on large-scale urban developments, a comprehensive meta-analysis of the literature is yet to exist. On the one hand, theories on urban change and development have offered useful frameworks for explaining the processes and outcomes of large-scale developments. On the other hand, in-depth case studies have provided profound insights into specific examples. Nevertheless, how the case studies relate to the theoretical debates is unclear. In response, this article undertakes a systematic review of the theories and case studies on large-scale developments and identifies the multitude of ways in which case studies relate to theories.","PeriodicalId":54207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Literature","volume":"38 1","pages":"171 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65267427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-24DOI: 10.1177/08854122221093387
C. Brinkley, Subhashni Raj, S. Raja
As climate change and increased frequency of extreme weather events threaten local and national Food, Energy and Waters (FEW) systems, policymakers and planners are asked to secure the long-term sustainability of resources and address disaster management where failure in one system has cascading effects. The explicit acknowledgment of interdependencies and equity across FEW systems and scales of governance is an approach we term planning for “FEWsheds.” With this research, we build an integrated framework for understanding FEW supply, equity outcomes, available data, and efforts to make FEW systems more resilient through diversification, distributed systems, or relocalization. The literature review demonstrates common flaws in both research design and policy approaches. For example, few studies explicitly address demographic characteristics. Higher-income households use more water, energy and land; are less responsive to price signaling; and often do not bear the negative externalities of infrastructure siting compared to low-income families, who are, in turn, the most vulnerable to supply disruption and contamination. A FEWshed framework helps make apparent the regional interdependencies, inefficiencies and disparities so that policymakers can take corrective action in fostering just, vibrant and sustainable communities for all constituents.
{"title":"Planning for FEWsheds: The Role of Planning in Integrating and Strengthening Food, Energy and Water Systems","authors":"C. Brinkley, Subhashni Raj, S. Raja","doi":"10.1177/08854122221093387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122221093387","url":null,"abstract":"As climate change and increased frequency of extreme weather events threaten local and national Food, Energy and Waters (FEW) systems, policymakers and planners are asked to secure the long-term sustainability of resources and address disaster management where failure in one system has cascading effects. The explicit acknowledgment of interdependencies and equity across FEW systems and scales of governance is an approach we term planning for “FEWsheds.” With this research, we build an integrated framework for understanding FEW supply, equity outcomes, available data, and efforts to make FEW systems more resilient through diversification, distributed systems, or relocalization. The literature review demonstrates common flaws in both research design and policy approaches. For example, few studies explicitly address demographic characteristics. Higher-income households use more water, energy and land; are less responsive to price signaling; and often do not bear the negative externalities of infrastructure siting compared to low-income families, who are, in turn, the most vulnerable to supply disruption and contamination. A FEWshed framework helps make apparent the regional interdependencies, inefficiencies and disparities so that policymakers can take corrective action in fostering just, vibrant and sustainable communities for all constituents.","PeriodicalId":54207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Literature","volume":"38 1","pages":"33 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65267408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.1177/08854122221094093
Purkarthofer, Eva, Alois Humer, and Hanna Mattila. 2021. Subnational and Dynamic Conceptualisations of Planning Culture: The Culture of Regional Planning and Regional Planning Cultures in Finland. Planning Theory and Practice 22, 2: 244-65. Saldert, Hannah. 2021. Spanning Boundaries Between Policy and Practice: Strategic Urban Planning in Gothenburg, Sweden. Planning Theory and Practice 22, 3: 397-413.
{"title":"Bibliographic Listings","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/08854122221094093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122221094093","url":null,"abstract":"Purkarthofer, Eva, Alois Humer, and Hanna Mattila. 2021. Subnational and Dynamic Conceptualisations of Planning Culture: The Culture of Regional Planning and Regional Planning Cultures in Finland. Planning Theory and Practice 22, 2: 244-65. Saldert, Hannah. 2021. Spanning Boundaries Between Policy and Practice: Strategic Urban Planning in Gothenburg, Sweden. Planning Theory and Practice 22, 3: 397-413.","PeriodicalId":54207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Literature","volume":"37 1","pages":"328 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42150537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-18DOI: 10.1177/08854122221092175
Claire Nelischer, A. Loukaitou-Sideris
Significant scholarship has focused on accommodating diverse age groups in urban public environments. However, intergenerational approaches emphasizing engagement between generations represent an emerging area of research and practice. This review synthesizes literature from urban planning and cognate fields on the need for and benefits of intergenerational public space, as well as design and policy interventions. The results advance understanding of how public environments could meet the needs of both youth and older adults while also serving as the context for cross-generational interaction, and offer insights to planners, designers, and policymakers seeking to develop, enhance, or expand intergenerational public space.
{"title":"Intergenerational Public Space Design and Policy: A Review of the Literature","authors":"Claire Nelischer, A. Loukaitou-Sideris","doi":"10.1177/08854122221092175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122221092175","url":null,"abstract":"Significant scholarship has focused on accommodating diverse age groups in urban public environments. However, intergenerational approaches emphasizing engagement between generations represent an emerging area of research and practice. This review synthesizes literature from urban planning and cognate fields on the need for and benefits of intergenerational public space, as well as design and policy interventions. The results advance understanding of how public environments could meet the needs of both youth and older adults while also serving as the context for cross-generational interaction, and offer insights to planners, designers, and policymakers seeking to develop, enhance, or expand intergenerational public space.","PeriodicalId":54207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Literature","volume":"38 1","pages":"19 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44022647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-04DOI: 10.1177/08854122221082117
Pratiti Tagore
The Urban Archetypes of Jane Jacobs and Ebenezer Howard: Contradiction and meaning in city form present a nuanced analysis of the history of urban planning in the past two centuries, focusing on North America. In the recent century, two scholars stand out, who were instrumental in popularizing urban planning and articulating the need for a coherent city design but were also contrasted by ideas that appeared polarizing to each other. Akkerman traces the lives and works of the two scholars: Ebenezer Howard (1850–1928) and Jane Jacobs (1926–2006), who did not cross paths in their lifetimes, but their ideas, set in two different timelines in the United States and abroad, form the foundational theories of urban planning of the modern world. The author takes us through a rich, historical journey of urban planning throughout the centuries. Akkerman’s book consists of eight distinct chapters. He has written each chapter with a deep understanding of the mechanism of city planning and interpretations of the mechanisms. One can divide the book’s content into three parts – historical background of urban planning, career trajectories and influences on Howard and Jacobs, and finally, summarizing practical outcomes and impacts of both stalwarts. The first part of the book is dedicated to discussing urban planning as a field and the role of urban planners who contributed to progress in the subject. The timelines move between relatively recent works by Howard and Jacobs of the past century and historic city planning practices as far as a few thousand years ago. To understand the beginnings of Howard’s Garden City Movement and Jacobs’ city planning ideas, Akkerman discusses Frederick Olmsted’s design for a Central Park, the works of Raymond Unwin, Barry Parker, and Joseph Paxton in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The City Beautiful movement, started in Chicago by Olmsted, was an influential predecessor to the Garden City movement by Howard in later years. Jacobs was resolute in creating a city that developed organically, was citizen-inclusive, and took a bottom-up planning approach. Akkerman analyzes several differences between Jacobs’ and Howard’s planning principles. Howard championed the radial or circular plan, intersected by straight lines. Jacobs championed an irregular rectangular grid, more organic and less guided by a forceful pattern overlay. The other difference is Howard’s idea of a home garden that acts “as the emissary of nature in the city” (p.25), which found success in heavily industrialized areas of the city. In the late 19th century, the idea of a private green space found popularity amongst the rich and the upper-middle classes, who wanted to distance themselves from the “dirt” of the inner city. Over time, with the rise of privately-owned automobiles, people preferred homes with private gardens, far from inner-city humdrum. On the other hand, Jacobs vehemently rejected the idea of suburban living and observed that private home gardens
{"title":"Book Review: The Urban Archetypes of Jane Jacobs and Ebenezer Howard: Contradiction and Meaning in City Form by Abraham Akkerman","authors":"Pratiti Tagore","doi":"10.1177/08854122221082117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122221082117","url":null,"abstract":"The Urban Archetypes of Jane Jacobs and Ebenezer Howard: Contradiction and meaning in city form present a nuanced analysis of the history of urban planning in the past two centuries, focusing on North America. In the recent century, two scholars stand out, who were instrumental in popularizing urban planning and articulating the need for a coherent city design but were also contrasted by ideas that appeared polarizing to each other. Akkerman traces the lives and works of the two scholars: Ebenezer Howard (1850–1928) and Jane Jacobs (1926–2006), who did not cross paths in their lifetimes, but their ideas, set in two different timelines in the United States and abroad, form the foundational theories of urban planning of the modern world. The author takes us through a rich, historical journey of urban planning throughout the centuries. Akkerman’s book consists of eight distinct chapters. He has written each chapter with a deep understanding of the mechanism of city planning and interpretations of the mechanisms. One can divide the book’s content into three parts – historical background of urban planning, career trajectories and influences on Howard and Jacobs, and finally, summarizing practical outcomes and impacts of both stalwarts. The first part of the book is dedicated to discussing urban planning as a field and the role of urban planners who contributed to progress in the subject. The timelines move between relatively recent works by Howard and Jacobs of the past century and historic city planning practices as far as a few thousand years ago. To understand the beginnings of Howard’s Garden City Movement and Jacobs’ city planning ideas, Akkerman discusses Frederick Olmsted’s design for a Central Park, the works of Raymond Unwin, Barry Parker, and Joseph Paxton in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The City Beautiful movement, started in Chicago by Olmsted, was an influential predecessor to the Garden City movement by Howard in later years. Jacobs was resolute in creating a city that developed organically, was citizen-inclusive, and took a bottom-up planning approach. Akkerman analyzes several differences between Jacobs’ and Howard’s planning principles. Howard championed the radial or circular plan, intersected by straight lines. Jacobs championed an irregular rectangular grid, more organic and less guided by a forceful pattern overlay. The other difference is Howard’s idea of a home garden that acts “as the emissary of nature in the city” (p.25), which found success in heavily industrialized areas of the city. In the late 19th century, the idea of a private green space found popularity amongst the rich and the upper-middle classes, who wanted to distance themselves from the “dirt” of the inner city. Over time, with the rise of privately-owned automobiles, people preferred homes with private gardens, far from inner-city humdrum. On the other hand, Jacobs vehemently rejected the idea of suburban living and observed that private home gardens ","PeriodicalId":54207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Literature","volume":"37 1","pages":"325 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48646223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1177/08854122221092700
R. G. Kleit
{"title":"A Note from the Editor","authors":"R. G. Kleit","doi":"10.1177/08854122221092700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122221092700","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Literature","volume":"37 1","pages":"235 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48127850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31eCollection Date: 2022-06-01DOI: 10.3390/neurosci3020013
Haruka Tsubaki, Anarmaa Mendsaikhan, Undral Buyandelger, Ikuo Tooyama, Douglas G Walker
Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) has been shown to have significant pathogenic roles in many human diseases, particularly those associated with diabetes and hyperglycemia. Its main mode of action is to sequester thioredoxins, resulting in enhanced oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to identify if cellular expression of TXNIP in human aged and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains correlated with pathological structures. This study employed fixed tissue sections and protein extracts of temporal cortex from AD and aged control brains. Studies employed light and fluorescent immunohistochemical techniques using the monoclonal antibody JY2 to TXNIP to identify cellular structures. Immunoblots were used to quantify relative amounts of TXNIP in brain protein extracts. The major finding was the identification of TXNIP immunoreactivity in selective neuronal populations and structures, particularly in non-AD brains. In AD brains, less neuronal TXNIP but increased numbers of TXNIP-positive plaque-associated microglia were observed. Immunoblot analyses showed no significant increase in levels of TXNIP protein in the AD samples tested. In conclusion, this study identified altered patterns of expression of TXNIP in human brains with progression of AD pathology.
事实证明，硫氧还蛋白交互蛋白（TXNIP）在许多人类疾病中具有重要的致病作用，尤其是与糖尿病和高血糖相关的疾病。它的主要作用模式是封存硫氧还蛋白，导致氧化应激增强。本研究旨在确定 TXNIP 在人类老年和阿尔茨海默病（AD）大脑中的细胞表达是否与病理结构相关。本研究采用了 AD 和老年对照组大脑颞叶皮层的固定组织切片和蛋白质提取物。研究采用光和荧光免疫组化技术，使用 TXNIP 单克隆抗体 JY2 来识别细胞结构。免疫印迹用于量化大脑蛋白质提取物中 TXNIP 的相对含量。主要发现是在选择性神经元群和结构中发现了TXNIP免疫反应，特别是在非AD大脑中。在AD大脑中，神经元TXNIP较少，但观察到TXNIP阳性斑块相关小胶质细胞数量增加。免疫印迹分析表明，在测试的 AD 样本中，TXNIP 蛋白水平没有显著增加。总之，这项研究发现，随着 AD 病理的发展，TXNIP 在人脑中的表达模式也发生了改变。
{"title":"Localization of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Brains.","authors":"Haruka Tsubaki, Anarmaa Mendsaikhan, Undral Buyandelger, Ikuo Tooyama, Douglas G Walker","doi":"10.3390/neurosci3020013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci3020013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) has been shown to have significant pathogenic roles in many human diseases, particularly those associated with diabetes and hyperglycemia. Its main mode of action is to sequester thioredoxins, resulting in enhanced oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to identify if cellular expression of TXNIP in human aged and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains correlated with pathological structures. This study employed fixed tissue sections and protein extracts of temporal cortex from AD and aged control brains. Studies employed light and fluorescent immunohistochemical techniques using the monoclonal antibody JY2 to TXNIP to identify cellular structures. Immunoblots were used to quantify relative amounts of TXNIP in brain protein extracts. The major finding was the identification of TXNIP immunoreactivity in selective neuronal populations and structures, particularly in non-AD brains. In AD brains, less neuronal TXNIP but increased numbers of TXNIP-positive plaque-associated microglia were observed. Immunoblot analyses showed no significant increase in levels of TXNIP protein in the AD samples tested. In conclusion, this study identified altered patterns of expression of TXNIP in human brains with progression of AD pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":54207,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Literature","volume":"21 1","pages":"166-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87317153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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