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Understanding the entrepreneurial resilience of indigenous women entrepreneurs as a dynamic process. The case of Quechuas in Bolivia 了解土著妇女企业家的创业弹性是一个动态过程。玻利维亚的克丘亚人
IF 5.6 1区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2022.2103744
Antonio Padilla-Meléndez, A. Ciruela-Lorenzo, Ana-Rosa Del-Águila-Obra, Juan José Plaza-Angulo
ABSTRACT Little literature exists regarding the study of entrepreneurial resilience of indigenous women entrepreneurs (IWEs) in environments challenged with isolation, marginalization, or poverty. New insights that explain the role of resilience in the creation, survival, and development of entrepreneurial activities by indigenous people are needed. In this research, we defined, in the context of IWEs, the individual traits embedded in entrepreneurial resilience. Then, we applied a qualitative approach to analyse the cases of 32 IWEs, these being current entrepreneurs located in street or organized markets in Cochabamba (Bolivia). Interviews and self-identified critical life incidents were used to illustrate how these IWEs developed their entrepreneurial activities and how resilience influenced the emergence and improvement of those activities over time. This work contributes to the entrepreneurship literature: first, by showing how IWEs’ individual entrepreneurial resilience traits help to explain the development of entrepreneurial activities, as a way of survival and personal improvement and, second, by proposing the dynamic entrepreneurial resilience spiral as a process of increasing individual resilience and building community resilience, where the IWEs empowerment plays a key role overcoming environmental circumstances, with education and training developing a leverage effect.
关于土著女性企业家(IWEs)在孤立、边缘化或贫困环境下的创业弹性的研究文献很少。需要有新的见解来解释复原力在土著人民创业活动的创造、生存和发展中的作用。在本研究中,我们在IWEs的背景下定义了嵌入在创业弹性中的个体特征。然后,我们采用定性方法分析了32个IWEs的案例,这些案例是位于科恰班巴(玻利维亚)街头或有组织市场的现任企业家。访谈和自我认定的关键生活事件被用来说明这些IWEs如何发展他们的创业活动,以及弹性如何随着时间的推移影响这些活动的出现和改进。这项工作为创业文献做出了贡献:首先,通过展示IWEs的个人创业弹性特征如何帮助解释创业活动的发展,作为一种生存和个人进步的方式;其次,通过提出动态创业弹性螺旋作为提高个人弹性和建立社区弹性的过程,其中IWEs授权在克服环境条件方面发挥关键作用,教育和培训发展杠杆效应。
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引用次数: 3
Understanding entrepreneurial ecosystems using complex adaptive systems theory: getting the big picture for economic development, practice, and policy 运用复杂适应系统理论理解创业生态系统:获得经济发展、实践和政策的大图景
IF 5.6 1区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-06-20 DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2022.2083691
L. Daniel, M. J. de Villiers Scheepers, Morgan P. Miles, S. de Klerk
ABSTRACT This paper demonstrates how the theory of complex adaptive systems (CAS) and entrepreneurial ecosystems (EE) can be synthesized to create a comprehensive framework for understanding EEs as comprising dynamic and diverse actors, factors, and interdependencies. We adapt four elements common to CAS and propose a context-specific framework for explaining EEs through people, place, purpose, and process to provide insights for policy, development, and regulatory interventions. Motivated by the challenge to develop a practical and parsimonious framework for comprehensive EE analysis, we present a case study using a CAS approach to illustrate the nature of EEs as dynamic, interconnected social systems and identify opportunities for economic development interventions. The study offers a novel framework for system-level EE analysis, and in doing so, it contributes to entrepreneurial economic development, research, policy, and practice.
本文展示了如何将复杂适应系统(CAS)和创业生态系统(EE)理论综合起来,创建一个综合框架,将企业生态系统理解为包含动态和多样化的行为者、因素和相互依赖关系。我们采用了CAS中常见的四个要素,并提出了一个特定于环境的框架,通过人员、地点、目的和过程来解释环境评估,从而为政策、发展和监管干预提供见解。为全面的经济效益分析开发一个实用而简洁的框架是一项挑战,我们提出了一个使用CAS方法的案例研究,以说明经济效益作为动态的、相互关联的社会系统的本质,并确定经济发展干预的机会。该研究为系统级EE分析提供了一个新的框架,并在此过程中为创业经济的发展、研究、政策和实践做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 10
Entrepreneuring in necessity contexts: effecting change among widow entrepreneurs in Northern Ghana 必要性背景下的创业:影响加纳北部寡妇企业家的变革
IF 5.6 1区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2022.2087746
Monica C. Lent
ABSTRACT This article explores if and how the entrepreneuring efforts of an endogenous NGO can entrepreneurially empower widow necessity entrepreneurs living in extreme poverty in a rural area of Northern Ghana. In reconceptualizing necessity entrepreneurship as engagement in necessity contexts, three main context specific actions and processes were foregrounded: values-based action focus, upskilling by boundaried choice; and forming, organizing and maintaining symbiotic relationships. Subsequently, the extent to which these actions and processes contributed to empowerment were assessed and explained. Upon outlining how the research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of entrepreneurship in necessity contexts and broadens our understanding of entrepreneurship, the article ends by discussing the research’s implications and limitations.
摘要本文探讨了内生非政府组织的创业努力是否以及如何在加纳北部农村地区为生活在极端贫困中的寡妇必需品企业家提供创业能力。在将必要性创业重新定义为必要性背景下的参与时,突出了三个主要的具体背景行动和过程:基于价值观的行动重点,通过边界选择提高技能;形成,组织和维持共生关系。随后,评估和解释了这些行动和进程在多大程度上有助于赋予权力。在概述了研究如何有助于更全面地理解必要性背景下的创业精神并拓宽了我们对创业精神的理解之后,文章最后讨论了研究的含义和局限性。
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引用次数: 1
Online communities and entrepreneuring mothers: practices of building, being and belonging 网络社区和创业母亲:建立、存在和归属感的实践
IF 5.6 1区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2022.2083692
Natalia Vershinina, Nicholas Phillips, M. McAdam
ABSTRACT Informed by contributions of Professor Alistair Anderson to the social perspective of entrepreneurship, rooted in social relationships and social capital, this article examines how members of an online community collectively interpret and negotiate the challenges of pursuing entrepreneurship alongside parenthood. This article adopts a multi-staged research design, incorporating netnography, participant observation, and qualitative semi-structured interviews. The analysis reveals the critical role of networking in how entrepreneuring women construct and maintain community connections and distinguishes between three dimensions of community engagement: Building, Being and Belonging. Drawing on communities of practice as an analytical lens, we offer new insights into the form and function of communal entrepreneurial practices facilitated by the digital environment.
基于阿利斯泰尔·安德森(Alistair Anderson)教授从社会关系和社会资本的角度对创业的社会视角的贡献,本文考察了网络社区的成员如何集体解读和协商在为人父母的同时追求创业的挑战。本文采用多阶段的研究设计,结合网络研究、参与者观察和定性半结构化访谈。该分析揭示了网络在创业女性如何构建和维持社区联系方面的关键作用,并区分了社区参与的三个维度:建设、存在和归属。利用实践社区作为分析视角,我们对数字环境促进的社区创业实践的形式和功能提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 6
The moral of the story: ‘populism’ and ‘activism’ in entrepreneurship 这个故事的寓意是:创业中的“民粹主义”和“行动主义”
IF 5.6 1区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2022.2083690
E. Melin, Johan Gaddefors, Richard Ferguson
ABSTRACT This paper engages with the concepts of ‘populism’ and ‘activism’ in entrepreneurial storytelling in order to explain how entrepreneurship may be both an individual and a collective endeavour. Through a case study of a moose park, we show how entrepreneurs move back and forth between individualism and collectivism with what seems to be little forethought. Our findings suggest that populism and activism function as a duality that essentially serves two purposes: populism reinforces the entrepreneur stereotype, highlighting the individual entrepreneur’s business venture; whilst activism challenges stereotypes, initiating new meaning, and social and ecological value change. Embeddedness appears a necessary condition for both these processes – the social connections in context affect the possibilities to initiate change, whether individualist or collectivist. Thus, we contribute to entrepreneurship as practice by showing how storytelling both strengthens and changes social context; and how storytelling alters depending on the social context, and the different forms of embeddedness in it.
本文探讨了创业故事中“民粹主义”和“行动主义”的概念,以解释创业如何既是个人的也是集体的努力。通过一个驼鹿公园的案例研究,我们展示了企业家是如何在个人主义和集体主义之间来回穿梭的,而这似乎是没有什么先入之见的。我们的研究结果表明,民粹主义和行动主义作为一种二元性,基本上有两个目的:民粹主义强化了企业家的刻板印象,突出了个体企业家的创业精神;而行动主义挑战刻板印象,发起新的意义,以及社会和生态价值的变化。嵌入性似乎是这两个过程的必要条件——背景中的社会联系影响着发起变革的可能性,无论是个人主义的还是集体主义的。因此,我们通过展示讲故事如何加强和改变社会背景,为创业实践做出贡献;以及讲故事是如何根据社会背景和不同的嵌入形式而改变的。
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引用次数: 4
Transforming enterprise education: sustainable pedagogies of hope and social justice 转型企业教育:可持续的希望与社会正义教学法
IF 5.6 1区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-05-23 DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2022.2071999
S. Dodd, Serxia Lage-Arias, Karin Berglund, Sarah L. Jack, U. Hytti, Karen Verduijn
ABSTRACT Building on Alistair Anderson’s work, this paper proposes transforming enterprise education to deeply address questions of sustainability, social justice and hope in our time of multiple and complex crises. New pedagogies, practices, vocabularies and connections help us to enact crises in entrepreneurial, ethical and creative ways, enabling us to remain hopeful in the face of unknown horizons. Drawing from critical pedagogies, from Epistemologies of the South, and from the wisdoms of Alistair Anderson, the paper outlines how transforming to a more, hopeful, socially just and sustainable enterprise education could move us beyond present alternatives. We suggest that transforming enterprise education (TrEE) would better facilitate students as ethical change-makers when they engage with their worlds, and its unseen future horizons. TrEE emphasizes the time needed for questioning dominant meanings and space for experimenting with new ones. It invites re-placing us in the margins and with the excluded. It takes an expansive view of the ecosystem, and places enterprise within its wider context. It focuses students, teachers, entrepreneurs and various other stakeholders in learning together with the non-human and relies on sustainable stewardship, social justice and hope at the core of transforming enterprise education.
本文以阿利斯泰尔·安德森(Alistair Anderson)的工作为基础,提出了在我们这个多重复杂危机的时代,转变企业教育,以深刻解决可持续性、社会正义和希望问题。新的教学方法、实践、词汇和联系帮助我们以创业、道德和创造性的方式应对危机,使我们在面对未知的视野时保持希望。从批判教学法、南方认识论和阿利斯泰尔·安德森的智慧中汲取,本文概述了如何向更有希望、社会公正和可持续的企业教育转变,从而使我们超越现有的选择。我们建议,转型企业教育(TrEE)将更好地促进学生在参与他们的世界和看不见的未来视野时成为道德变革者。TrEE强调质疑主导意义所需的时间和试验新意义所需的空间。它让我们重新置身于边缘,与被排斥的人为伍。它以广阔的视角看待生态系统,并将企业置于更广阔的环境中。它使学生、教师、企业家和各种其他利益相关者与非人类共同学习,并将可持续管理、社会正义和希望作为转变企业教育的核心。
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引用次数: 5
Entrepreneuring as emancipation in family business succession: a story of agony and ecstasy 家族企业继承中的创业解放:一个痛苦与狂喜的故事
IF 5.6 1区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2022.2075472
Miruna Radu-Lefebvre, Sébastien Ronteau, Vincent Lefebvre, M. McAdam
ABSTRACT Following Alistair Anderson’s legacy of entrepreneuring as a process of becoming, this paper engages with entrepreneuring as emancipation in a family business context. Over a period of seven years, we witnessed the journey of a family business successor engaged in a challenging process of power transfer, ultimately leading him to leave the succession process to engage with entrepreneuring outside the family business, due to power struggles. We theoretically elaborate on this real-time, multi-informant, multi-generational and longitudinal single-case study to offer a novel understanding of entrepreneuring as emancipation from and through power by revealing the intimate connections of entrepreneuring with power, liberation and liberty encompassing as much agony as ecstasy.
本文遵循阿利斯泰尔·安德森将创业视为一个成长过程的观点,将创业视为家族企业背景下的解放。在七年的时间里,我们见证了一位家族企业继承人在充满挑战的权力交接过程中的历程,最终由于权力斗争,他离开了继承过程,从事家族企业以外的创业。我们从理论上详细阐述了这一实时、多信息来源、多代人、纵向的单一案例研究,通过揭示创业与权力、解放和自由之间的密切联系,为创业从权力中解放和通过权力解放提供了一种新的理解,这种联系既包含了狂喜,也包含了痛苦。
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引用次数: 5
A non-workshop on a socialized view of entrepreneurship: building and extending a community of practice for work on embeddedness 关于企业家精神社会化观点的非研讨会:为嵌入性工作建立和扩展实践社区
IF 5.6 1区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2022.2072000
Claire Champenois, Sarah L. Jack
ABSTRACT This article, in an act of transmutation or world-making, replaces a workshop that was envisioned between one of the authors and Alistair Anderson. It takes the form of a dialog with one of his main co-authors to retrospectively and analytically explore the collective work of Alistair on ‘embeddedness’. We find that Alistair initiated a scholarly community of practice on a socialized view of entrepreneurship (‘entrepreneuring’), the essence of which can be captured through the notion of embeddedness. We describe the emergence of this community, its key production phases, and highlight the main features and insights of its approach, which was never theorized as such. The article also presents possible theoretical extensions of this research by opening several research doors for future work.
本文以一种嬗变或创造世界的行为,取代了一位作者与阿利斯泰尔·安德森(Alistair Anderson)之间设想的研讨会。它采取了与他的主要合著者之一对话的形式,回顾性和分析地探索了Alistair关于“嵌入性”的集体工作。我们发现,Alistair开创了一个关于企业家精神(“企业家精神”)社会化观点的学术实践社区,其本质可以通过嵌入性的概念来捕捉。我们描述了这个社区的出现,它的关键生产阶段,并强调了其方法的主要特征和见解,这从来没有理论化过。文章还提出了本研究可能的理论延伸,为今后的工作打开了几扇研究之门。
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引用次数: 1
Rethinking and reconceptualising entrepreneurship education a legacy from Alistair Anderson 重新思考和重新定义创业教育——阿利斯泰尔·安德森的遗产
IF 5.6 1区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2022.2072001
M. Loi, A. Fayolle
ABSTRACT This paper aims to extend the theoretical foundations of entrepreneurship education by integrating several of the most relevant lessons from Anderson’s contribution into current conceptualizations. We identify three main dimensions of Anderson’s work useful for our purpose: conceptualization of entrepreneurship; network and social capital as mechanisms to explain entrepreneurship as a socially embedded phenomenon; and epistemological and methodological reflection. These dimensions enrich the debate on the strategic dimensions targeting, connecting and reflecting suggested to advance the field of entrepreneurship education. We highlight important implications that help us reflect on the value of entrepreneurship education by emphasizing the role of the social dimension in teaching entrepreneurship, the importance of understanding entrepreneurship as a complex phenomenon to identify goals and more specifically tailor pedagogy, and the need to question methods of inquiry as the field evolves and expands its area of investigation.
本文旨在通过将安德森贡献中最相关的几个教训整合到当前的概念中,扩展创业教育的理论基础。我们从安德森的研究中发现了三个对我们的目的有用的主要方面:创业的概念化;网络和社会资本是解释企业家精神作为社会嵌入现象的机制以及认识论和方法论的反思。这些维度丰富了关于战略维度的讨论,目标,连接和反映建议推进创业教育领域。通过强调社会维度在创业教学中的作用,将创业理解为一种复杂现象,以确定目标和更具体地定制教学方法的重要性,以及随着该领域的发展和调查领域的扩大,对调查方法提出质疑的必要性,我们强调了有助于我们反思创业教育价值的重要含义。
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引用次数: 2
Women’s empowerment and emancipation through entrepreneurship: extending Professor Alistair Anderson’s contributions 通过企业家精神赋予妇女权力和解放:扩展阿利斯泰尔·安德森教授的贡献
IF 5.6 1区 经济学 Q2 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2022.2075038
M. Ibáñez, Maribel Guerrero
ABSTRACT This study represents a tribute to Professor Alistair Anderson’s contributions to female entrepreneurship research. Although female entrepreneurship was only one research line in Professor Anderson’s extensive academic career, his contributions are embedded in the most contemporary discussion about the most vulnerable female entrepreneurs. Inspired by Professor Anderson’s research on the influence of entrepreneurship on the empowerment and emancipation of female entrepreneurs in the Global South countries, our study provides empirical evidence about how entrepreneurship affects women’s empowerment and emancipation compared with other occupational choices (e.g. full-time employees and homemakers). Our study includes provocative implications/discussion about gender dynamics, and the most vulnerable women enrolled in entrepreneurial activities.
本研究是对阿利斯泰尔·安德森教授在女性创业研究方面的贡献的致敬。尽管在安德森教授广泛的学术生涯中,女性创业只是一条研究路线,但他的贡献融入了关于最弱势女性企业家的当代讨论中。受安德森教授关于创业对全球南方国家女性企业家赋权和解放的影响的研究启发,我们的研究提供了与其他职业选择(例如全职员工和家庭主妇)相比,创业如何影响女性赋权和解放的经验证据。我们的研究包括对性别动态的挑衅性暗示/讨论,以及参与创业活动的最弱势女性。
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引用次数: 5
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Entrepreneurship and Regional Development
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