Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1177/21677026241266567
Simon B. Goldberg, Ashley D. Kendall, Matthew J. Hirshberg, Cortland J. Dahl, Inbal Nahum-Shani, Richard J. Davidson, Bethany C. Bray
Despite growing popularity, associations between dosage and outcomes in meditation-app interventions have not been established. We examined this relationship using a range of operationalizations of dosage (e.g., minutes of use, days of use, number and type of activities completed) and strategies for modeling outcomes (e.g., ordinary least squares regression, multilevel modeling, latent class analysis). We used data from a recently completed randomized controlled trial that tested a meditation app ( N = 662; 80.4% with elevated depression/anxiety) that included psychological distress as its preregistered primary outcome. Across 41 models, whether an association was detected and the shape and direction of this association varied. Although several models indicated that higher dosage was associated with larger decreases in psychological distress, many models failed to show this relationship, and some even showed the opposite. These results may have implications for optimizing and studying dosage in meditation apps and for open-science practices.
{"title":"Is Dosage of a Meditation App Associated With Changes in Psychological Distress? It Depends on How You Ask","authors":"Simon B. Goldberg, Ashley D. Kendall, Matthew J. Hirshberg, Cortland J. Dahl, Inbal Nahum-Shani, Richard J. Davidson, Bethany C. Bray","doi":"10.1177/21677026241266567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241266567","url":null,"abstract":"Despite growing popularity, associations between dosage and outcomes in meditation-app interventions have not been established. We examined this relationship using a range of operationalizations of dosage (e.g., minutes of use, days of use, number and type of activities completed) and strategies for modeling outcomes (e.g., ordinary least squares regression, multilevel modeling, latent class analysis). We used data from a recently completed randomized controlled trial that tested a meditation app ( N = 662; 80.4% with elevated depression/anxiety) that included psychological distress as its preregistered primary outcome. Across 41 models, whether an association was detected and the shape and direction of this association varied. Although several models indicated that higher dosage was associated with larger decreases in psychological distress, many models failed to show this relationship, and some even showed the opposite. These results may have implications for optimizing and studying dosage in meditation apps and for open-science practices.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1177/21677026241263522
Maev Conneely, Domenico Giacco, Lauren M. Hickling, Stefan Priebe, Janelle M. Jones
Having more social connections is related to better quality of life in people with psychosis. However, little is known about the nature of these social connections or whether the personal significance of social connections matters for quality of life. We aimed to fill this gap by surveying 200 people with psychosis using social identity mapping (SIM), which allows people to name their groups, roles, and relationships and how they feel about these. SIM names were categorized into 10 groups, with “activities” (39%) and “family” (14%) being most common; “patient” (3%), “politics” (2%), and “local residence” (1%) were least common. Hierarchical regression revealed that the only variable associated with better quality of life was having a greater number of highly important connections. This was mediated by self-esteem. Clinicians and researchers should examine the potential of social identification, the internalization of social connections, as a means of improving quality of life.
{"title":"Social Identity Mapping and Psychotic Disorders: Understanding the Relationships Between Social Identity Features, Self-Esteem, and Quality of Life","authors":"Maev Conneely, Domenico Giacco, Lauren M. Hickling, Stefan Priebe, Janelle M. Jones","doi":"10.1177/21677026241263522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241263522","url":null,"abstract":"Having more social connections is related to better quality of life in people with psychosis. However, little is known about the nature of these social connections or whether the personal significance of social connections matters for quality of life. We aimed to fill this gap by surveying 200 people with psychosis using social identity mapping (SIM), which allows people to name their groups, roles, and relationships and how they feel about these. SIM names were categorized into 10 groups, with “activities” (39%) and “family” (14%) being most common; “patient” (3%), “politics” (2%), and “local residence” (1%) were least common. Hierarchical regression revealed that the only variable associated with better quality of life was having a greater number of highly important connections. This was mediated by self-esteem. Clinicians and researchers should examine the potential of social identification, the internalization of social connections, as a means of improving quality of life.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"79 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-24DOI: 10.1177/21677026241260260
Peter T. Tanksley, Sarah J. Brislin, Jasmin Wertz, Ronald de Vlaming, Natasia S. Courchesne-Krak, Travis T. Mallard, Laurel L. Raffington, Richard Karlsson Linnér, Philipp Koellinger, Abraham A. Palmer, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Irwin D. Waldman, Danielle Dick, Terrie E. Moffitt, Avshalom Caspi, K. Paige Harden
Failures of self-control can manifest as externalizing behaviors (e.g., aggression, rule-breaking) that have far-reaching negative consequences. Researchers have long been interested in measuring children’s genetic risk for externalizing behaviors to inform efforts at early identification and intervention. Drawing on data from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study ( N = 862 twins) and the Millennium Cohort Study ( N = 2,824 parent–child trios), two longitudinal cohorts from the United Kingdom, we leveraged molecular genetic data and within-family designs to test for genetic associations with externalizing behavior that are not affected by common sources of environmental influence. We found that a polygenic index (PGI) calculated from genetic variants discovered in previous studies of self-controlled behavior in adults captures direct genetic effects on externalizing problems in children and adolescents when evaluated with rigorous within-family designs (βs = 0.13–0.19 across development). The PGI for externalizing behavior can usefully augment psychological studies of the development of self-control.
{"title":"Do Polygenic Indices Capture “Direct” Effects on Child Externalizing Behavior Problems? Within-Family Analyses in Two Longitudinal Birth Cohorts","authors":"Peter T. Tanksley, Sarah J. Brislin, Jasmin Wertz, Ronald de Vlaming, Natasia S. Courchesne-Krak, Travis T. Mallard, Laurel L. Raffington, Richard Karlsson Linnér, Philipp Koellinger, Abraham A. Palmer, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Irwin D. Waldman, Danielle Dick, Terrie E. Moffitt, Avshalom Caspi, K. Paige Harden","doi":"10.1177/21677026241260260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241260260","url":null,"abstract":"Failures of self-control can manifest as externalizing behaviors (e.g., aggression, rule-breaking) that have far-reaching negative consequences. Researchers have long been interested in measuring children’s genetic risk for externalizing behaviors to inform efforts at early identification and intervention. Drawing on data from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study ( N = 862 twins) and the Millennium Cohort Study ( N = 2,824 parent–child trios), two longitudinal cohorts from the United Kingdom, we leveraged molecular genetic data and within-family designs to test for genetic associations with externalizing behavior that are not affected by common sources of environmental influence. We found that a polygenic index (PGI) calculated from genetic variants discovered in previous studies of self-controlled behavior in adults captures direct genetic effects on externalizing problems in children and adolescents when evaluated with rigorous within-family designs (βs = 0.13–0.19 across development). The PGI for externalizing behavior can usefully augment psychological studies of the development of self-control.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-24DOI: 10.1177/21677026241260249
Lara Khalifeh, Avshalom Caspi, Kallisse R. Dent, HonaLee Harrington, Madeline H. Meier, Richie Poulton, Sandhya Ramrakha, Terrie E. Moffitt, Leah S. Richmond-Rakerd
We evaluated the developmental epidemiology of midlife-onset alcohol dependence (AD) in the Dunedin Study ( N = 1,037), a population-representative cohort followed across 5 decades. At ages 18, 21, 26, 32, 38, and 45, past-year AD prevalence was 11.0%, 18.4%, 13.6%, 8.1%, 9.6%, and 11.3%, respectively. As expected, relative to never-diagnosed individuals, individuals with early onset AD (first diagnosis at age 18 or age 21, prevalence = 22.9%) were distinguished by a range of early life and adult correlates. Individuals with midlife-onset AD (first diagnosis at age 38 or age 45, prevalence = 5.6%) were distinguished by fewer early life correlates, but exhibited a family history of AD and adolescent dysregulation and marijuana use. They were characterized by an array of adult correlates, including internalizing disorders, mental-health-treatment contact, criminal behavior, perceived stress, coping by drinking, lower likelihood of marriage and parenthood, and reduced preparedness for old age. They also experienced more adult alcohol-related impairment than the early onset group. Results can guide efforts to reduce midlife alcohol-related problems and support healthy aging.
{"title":"Characterizing Midlife-Onset Alcohol Dependence: Implications for Etiology, Prevention, and Healthy Aging","authors":"Lara Khalifeh, Avshalom Caspi, Kallisse R. Dent, HonaLee Harrington, Madeline H. Meier, Richie Poulton, Sandhya Ramrakha, Terrie E. Moffitt, Leah S. Richmond-Rakerd","doi":"10.1177/21677026241260249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241260249","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the developmental epidemiology of midlife-onset alcohol dependence (AD) in the Dunedin Study ( N = 1,037), a population-representative cohort followed across 5 decades. At ages 18, 21, 26, 32, 38, and 45, past-year AD prevalence was 11.0%, 18.4%, 13.6%, 8.1%, 9.6%, and 11.3%, respectively. As expected, relative to never-diagnosed individuals, individuals with early onset AD (first diagnosis at age 18 or age 21, prevalence = 22.9%) were distinguished by a range of early life and adult correlates. Individuals with midlife-onset AD (first diagnosis at age 38 or age 45, prevalence = 5.6%) were distinguished by fewer early life correlates, but exhibited a family history of AD and adolescent dysregulation and marijuana use. They were characterized by an array of adult correlates, including internalizing disorders, mental-health-treatment contact, criminal behavior, perceived stress, coping by drinking, lower likelihood of marriage and parenthood, and reduced preparedness for old age. They also experienced more adult alcohol-related impairment than the early onset group. Results can guide efforts to reduce midlife alcohol-related problems and support healthy aging.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1177/21677026241257852
Miriam K. Forbes, Ashley L. Watts, Maddison Twose, Angelique Barrett, Jennifer L. Hudson, Heidi J. Lyneham, Lauren McLellan, Nicola C. Newton, Gemma Sicouri, Cath Chapman, Anna McKinnon, Ronald M. Rapee, Tim Slade, Maree Teesson, Kristian Markon, Matthew Sunderland
More comprehensive modeling of psychopathology in youth is needed to facilitate a developmentally informed expansion of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model. In this study, we examined a symptom-level model of the structure of psychopathology in children and adolescents—most aged 11 to 17 years—bringing together data from large clinical, community, and representative samples ( N = 18,290) covering nearly all major forms of mental disorders and related content domains (e.g., aggression). The resulting hierarchical and dimensional model was based on the points of convergence among three statistical approaches and included 15 narrow dimensions nested under four broad dimensions of (a) internalizing, (b) externalizing, (c) eating pathology, and (d) uncontrollable worry, obsessions, and compulsions. We position these findings within the context of the existing literature and articulate implications for future research. Ultimately, these findings add to the rapidly growing literature on the structure of psychopathology in youth and move a step closer toward quantifying (dis)continuities in psychopathology’s structure across the life span.
{"title":"A Hierarchical Model of the Symptom-Level Structure of Psychopathology in Youth","authors":"Miriam K. Forbes, Ashley L. Watts, Maddison Twose, Angelique Barrett, Jennifer L. Hudson, Heidi J. Lyneham, Lauren McLellan, Nicola C. Newton, Gemma Sicouri, Cath Chapman, Anna McKinnon, Ronald M. Rapee, Tim Slade, Maree Teesson, Kristian Markon, Matthew Sunderland","doi":"10.1177/21677026241257852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241257852","url":null,"abstract":"More comprehensive modeling of psychopathology in youth is needed to facilitate a developmentally informed expansion of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model. In this study, we examined a symptom-level model of the structure of psychopathology in children and adolescents—most aged 11 to 17 years—bringing together data from large clinical, community, and representative samples ( N = 18,290) covering nearly all major forms of mental disorders and related content domains (e.g., aggression). The resulting hierarchical and dimensional model was based on the points of convergence among three statistical approaches and included 15 narrow dimensions nested under four broad dimensions of (a) internalizing, (b) externalizing, (c) eating pathology, and (d) uncontrollable worry, obsessions, and compulsions. We position these findings within the context of the existing literature and articulate implications for future research. Ultimately, these findings add to the rapidly growing literature on the structure of psychopathology in youth and move a step closer toward quantifying (dis)continuities in psychopathology’s structure across the life span.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1177/21677026241255882
Andrea L. Howard, Tess M.S. Neal, Olivia J. Kirtley, Heather L. Urry, Jennifer L. Tackett
Open science is challenging and frequently time-consuming work, but the payoff is greater assurance that published research is transparent, conducted rigorously, and protected against some forms of researcher bias. In this editorial, we reflect on progress made toward the integration of open-science practices at Clinical Psychological Science ( CPS) 7 years after badges were introduced in the journal and 3 years after open science was initiated as an editorial priority at CPS. Along with establishing open science as an editorial priority, the first team of Open Science Advisors was established to oversee and facilitate preregistration, open materials, and open data badge applications. Here, we discuss how these practices have evolved over time, highlight best practices and common challenges in this work, and emphasize next steps for the future of open science in clinical-psychology research.
{"title":"Open Science at Clinical Psychological Science: Reflections on Progress, Lessons Learned, and Suggestions for Continued Improvement","authors":"Andrea L. Howard, Tess M.S. Neal, Olivia J. Kirtley, Heather L. Urry, Jennifer L. Tackett","doi":"10.1177/21677026241255882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241255882","url":null,"abstract":"Open science is challenging and frequently time-consuming work, but the payoff is greater assurance that published research is transparent, conducted rigorously, and protected against some forms of researcher bias. In this editorial, we reflect on progress made toward the integration of open-science practices at Clinical Psychological Science ( CPS) 7 years after badges were introduced in the journal and 3 years after open science was initiated as an editorial priority at CPS. Along with establishing open science as an editorial priority, the first team of Open Science Advisors was established to oversee and facilitate preregistration, open materials, and open data badge applications. Here, we discuss how these practices have evolved over time, highlight best practices and common challenges in this work, and emphasize next steps for the future of open science in clinical-psychology research.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1177/21677026241258380
Noam Sarna, Matan Mazor, Reuven Dar
In previous research, obsessive-compulsive tendencies were associated with longer search times in visual-search tasks. These findings, replicated and extended to a clinical sample, were specific to target-absent trials, with no effect on target-present trials. This selectivity was interpreted as checking behavior in response to mild uncertainty. However, an alternative interpretation is that individuals with high obsessive-compulsive (OC+) tendencies have a specific difficulty with inference about absence. In two large-scale, preregistered, online experiments (conceptual replication: N = 1,007; direct replication: N = 226), we sought to replicate the original finding and elucidate its underlying cause: an increased sensitivity to mild uncertainty or a selective deficiency in inference about absence. Both experiments showed no evidence of prolonged search times in target-absent trials for OC+ individuals. Taken together, our results do not support the notion that inducing mild uncertainty in the form of target absence leads to excessive checking among OC+ individuals.
{"title":"Obsessive-Compulsive Visual Search: A Reexamination of Presence–Absence Asymmetries","authors":"Noam Sarna, Matan Mazor, Reuven Dar","doi":"10.1177/21677026241258380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241258380","url":null,"abstract":"In previous research, obsessive-compulsive tendencies were associated with longer search times in visual-search tasks. These findings, replicated and extended to a clinical sample, were specific to target-absent trials, with no effect on target-present trials. This selectivity was interpreted as checking behavior in response to mild uncertainty. However, an alternative interpretation is that individuals with high obsessive-compulsive (OC+) tendencies have a specific difficulty with inference about absence. In two large-scale, preregistered, online experiments (conceptual replication: N = 1,007; direct replication: N = 226), we sought to replicate the original finding and elucidate its underlying cause: an increased sensitivity to mild uncertainty or a selective deficiency in inference about absence. Both experiments showed no evidence of prolonged search times in target-absent trials for OC+ individuals. Taken together, our results do not support the notion that inducing mild uncertainty in the form of target absence leads to excessive checking among OC+ individuals.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-25DOI: 10.1177/21677026241245070
Ashley L. Watts, Kenneth J. Sher, Andrew C. Heath, Douglas Steinley, Michael Brusco
Although substance use disorders are widely known to be influenced by myriad etiologic factors, recent research promotes the notion that liability toward addiction broadly construed can be described by a single, unitary dimension that we term “general addiction liability.” Here, we revisit the concept of general addiction liability by placing it at greater theoretical and empirical risk. To do so, we used data from two epidemiologic samples ( N range = 262–8,552) and employed varied quantitative methods to examine the associations between alcohol, cannabis, tobacco, and opioid use disorders. We did not find strong evidence for general addiction liability. Nevertheless, consequence-based features (e.g., social/interpersonal harm, hazardous use) tended to form cross-substance connections. We contextualize our findings in the broader literature on addiction liability and offer several explanations for why we and others arrive at competing conclusions with respect to the robustness and nature of general addiction liability.
{"title":"“General Addiction Liability” Revisited","authors":"Ashley L. Watts, Kenneth J. Sher, Andrew C. Heath, Douglas Steinley, Michael Brusco","doi":"10.1177/21677026241245070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241245070","url":null,"abstract":"Although substance use disorders are widely known to be influenced by myriad etiologic factors, recent research promotes the notion that liability toward addiction broadly construed can be described by a single, unitary dimension that we term “general addiction liability.” Here, we revisit the concept of general addiction liability by placing it at greater theoretical and empirical risk. To do so, we used data from two epidemiologic samples ( N range = 262–8,552) and employed varied quantitative methods to examine the associations between alcohol, cannabis, tobacco, and opioid use disorders. We did not find strong evidence for general addiction liability. Nevertheless, consequence-based features (e.g., social/interpersonal harm, hazardous use) tended to form cross-substance connections. We contextualize our findings in the broader literature on addiction liability and offer several explanations for why we and others arrive at competing conclusions with respect to the robustness and nature of general addiction liability.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141147632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-25DOI: 10.1177/21677026241240727
Kristen Benito, Andre Pittig, Jonathan Abramowitz, Joanna J. Arch, Denise Chavira, Rianne de Kleine, Alessandro S. De Nadai, Dirk Hermans, Stefan G. Hofmann, Jürgen Hoyer, Jonathan D. Huppert, Katharina Kircanski, Peter M. McEvoy, Heidi Meyer, Marie-H. Monfils, Santiago Papini, Winfried Rief, David Rosenfield, Eric A. Storch, Michael J. Telch, Michael W. Otto, Jasper A. J. Smits
Anxiety and related disorders are a significant public-health burden with rising prevalence in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. As demand for effective anxiety treatment increases, so too does the need for strategies to bolster treatment outcomes. Research on the mechanisms of exposure therapy, the frontline behavioral treatment, will be critically important for optimizing clinical outcomes. We outline an initial agenda for future research on the mechanisms of change of exposure therapy, developed in collaboration with a large international team of researchers through the Exposure Therapy Consortium. Key questions and recommendations for future research focus on four priority areas: conceptualization, measurement, study design/analysis, and individual/contextual differences. Rising to the challenge of addressing these questions will require coordinated action and availability of centralized tools that can be used across trials, settings, and research groups.
{"title":"Mechanisms of Change in Exposure Therapy for Anxiety and Related Disorders: A Research Agenda","authors":"Kristen Benito, Andre Pittig, Jonathan Abramowitz, Joanna J. Arch, Denise Chavira, Rianne de Kleine, Alessandro S. De Nadai, Dirk Hermans, Stefan G. Hofmann, Jürgen Hoyer, Jonathan D. Huppert, Katharina Kircanski, Peter M. McEvoy, Heidi Meyer, Marie-H. Monfils, Santiago Papini, Winfried Rief, David Rosenfield, Eric A. Storch, Michael J. Telch, Michael W. Otto, Jasper A. J. Smits","doi":"10.1177/21677026241240727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241240727","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety and related disorders are a significant public-health burden with rising prevalence in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. As demand for effective anxiety treatment increases, so too does the need for strategies to bolster treatment outcomes. Research on the mechanisms of exposure therapy, the frontline behavioral treatment, will be critically important for optimizing clinical outcomes. We outline an initial agenda for future research on the mechanisms of change of exposure therapy, developed in collaboration with a large international team of researchers through the Exposure Therapy Consortium. Key questions and recommendations for future research focus on four priority areas: conceptualization, measurement, study design/analysis, and individual/contextual differences. Rising to the challenge of addressing these questions will require coordinated action and availability of centralized tools that can be used across trials, settings, and research groups.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141147602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.1177/21677026241249192
Katharine E. Daniel, Robert G. Moulder, Steven M. Boker, Bethany A. Teachman
Difficulty knowing when to switch emotion-regulation (ER) strategies is theorized to be a key pathway to emotion dysregulation, but relatively few studies have empirically examined this. We applied a new order-based metric to quantify how 109 socially anxious people switched between 19 different ER strategies (or chose not to regulate at all) throughout a 5-week ecological-momentary-assessment (EMA) study that yielded 12,616 observations. We tested whether state- and trait-anxiety reports and their interaction predicted differences in ER strategy switching. Results indicated that people with relatively higher social-anxiety symptoms switch more often between ER strategies during periods of high average state anxiety but less often during periods of high variability in state anxiety than less socially anxious people. Interventions focused on helping socially anxious people learn how ER strategies are connected to variations in state anxiety might hold promise to increase adaptive ER-switching decisions. More broadly, expanding ER-switching interventions to consider the role of changing situations is an important next step.
{"title":"Trait Social Anxiety Moderates the Relationship Between Emotion-Regulation Strategy Switching and State Anxiety in Daily Life","authors":"Katharine E. Daniel, Robert G. Moulder, Steven M. Boker, Bethany A. Teachman","doi":"10.1177/21677026241249192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241249192","url":null,"abstract":"Difficulty knowing when to switch emotion-regulation (ER) strategies is theorized to be a key pathway to emotion dysregulation, but relatively few studies have empirically examined this. We applied a new order-based metric to quantify how 109 socially anxious people switched between 19 different ER strategies (or chose not to regulate at all) throughout a 5-week ecological-momentary-assessment (EMA) study that yielded 12,616 observations. We tested whether state- and trait-anxiety reports and their interaction predicted differences in ER strategy switching. Results indicated that people with relatively higher social-anxiety symptoms switch more often between ER strategies during periods of high average state anxiety but less often during periods of high variability in state anxiety than less socially anxious people. Interventions focused on helping socially anxious people learn how ER strategies are connected to variations in state anxiety might hold promise to increase adaptive ER-switching decisions. More broadly, expanding ER-switching interventions to consider the role of changing situations is an important next step.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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