Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/21677026231172694
Patty B Kuo, Michael J Tanana, Simon B Goldberg, Derek D Caperton, Shrikanth Narayanan, David C Atkins, Zac E Imel
Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of machine learning that may facilitate the evaluation of therapist-client interactions and provide feedback to therapists on client outcomes on a large scale. However, there have been limited studies applying NLP models to client outcome prediction that have (a) used transcripts of therapist-client interactions as direct predictors of client symptom improvement, (b) accounted for contextual linguistic complexities, and (c) used best practices in classical training and test splits in model development. Using 2,630 session recordings from 795 clients and 56 therapists, we developed NLP models that directly predicted client symptoms of a given session based on session recordings of the previous session (Spearman's rho =0.32, p<.001). Our results highlight the potential for NLP models to be implemented in outcome monitoring systems to improve quality of care. We discuss implications for future research and applications.
{"title":"Machine-Learning-Based Prediction of Client Distress From Session Recordings.","authors":"Patty B Kuo, Michael J Tanana, Simon B Goldberg, Derek D Caperton, Shrikanth Narayanan, David C Atkins, Zac E Imel","doi":"10.1177/21677026231172694","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21677026231172694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of machine learning that may facilitate the evaluation of therapist-client interactions and provide feedback to therapists on client outcomes on a large scale. However, there have been limited studies applying NLP models to client outcome prediction that have (a) used transcripts of therapist-client interactions as direct predictors of client symptom improvement, (b) accounted for contextual linguistic complexities, and (c) used best practices in classical training and test splits in model development. Using 2,630 session recordings from 795 clients and 56 therapists, we developed NLP models that directly predicted client symptoms of a given session based on session recordings of the previous session (Spearman's rho =0.32, p<.001). Our results highlight the potential for NLP models to be implemented in outcome monitoring systems to improve quality of care. We discuss implications for future research and applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11299859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80657086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1177/21677026231170839
Olutosin Adesogan, Justin A Lavner, Sierra E Carter, Steven R H Beach
Centuries of systemic racism in the United States have led to Black Americans facing a disproportionate amount of life stressors. These stressors can have negative effects on mental and physical health, contributing to inequities throughout the lifespan. The current study used longitudinal data from 692 Black adults in the rural South to examine the ways in which neighborhood stress, financial strain, and interpersonal experiences of racial discrimination operate independently and in tandem to impact depressive symptoms and sleep problems over time. Findings provided strong support for univariate and additive stress effects and modest support for multiplicative stress effects. Results underscore how multiple stressors stemming from systemic racism can undermine health among Black Americans and highlight the need for further research on factors that promote well-being in the face of these stressors.
{"title":"Stress Accumulation, Depressive Symptoms, and Sleep Problems among Black Americans in the Rural South.","authors":"Olutosin Adesogan, Justin A Lavner, Sierra E Carter, Steven R H Beach","doi":"10.1177/21677026231170839","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21677026231170839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Centuries of systemic racism in the United States have led to Black Americans facing a disproportionate amount of life stressors. These stressors can have negative effects on mental and physical health, contributing to inequities throughout the lifespan. The current study used longitudinal data from 692 Black adults in the rural South to examine the ways in which neighborhood stress, financial strain, and interpersonal experiences of racial discrimination operate independently and in tandem to impact depressive symptoms and sleep problems over time. Findings provided strong support for univariate and additive stress effects and modest support for multiplicative stress effects. Results underscore how multiple stressors stemming from systemic racism can undermine health among Black Americans and highlight the need for further research on factors that promote well-being in the face of these stressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85940168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/21677026231170563
Nader Amir, Amanda Holbrook, Alex Kallen, Nicholas Santopetro, Julia Klawohn, Shaan McGhie, Alec Bruchnak, Magen Lowe, William Taboas, C J Brush, Greg Hajcak
In the current article, we examined the impact of two home-delivered attentional-bias-modification (ABM) programs on a biomarker of anxiety (i.e., the error-related negativity [ERN]). The ERN is sensitivity to ABM-related changes; however, it is unclear whether ABM exerts its influence on the ERN and anxiety by increasing general attentional control or by disengaging spatial allocation of attention. In this study, we measured the ERN, anxiety, attention bias, and attention control before and after two versions of ABM training and a waitlist control group in 546 adolescents. An ABM designed to increase attention control modulated the ERN but had no impact on anxiety. An ABM designed to reduce attentional bias changed bias and self-reported anxiety in youths but had no impact on the ERN or parent-reported anxiety. These results suggest that the ERN and normative anxiety may be modified using attention training.
{"title":"Multiple Adaptive Attention-Bias-Modification Programs to Alter Normative Increase in the Error-Related Negativity in Adolescents.","authors":"Nader Amir, Amanda Holbrook, Alex Kallen, Nicholas Santopetro, Julia Klawohn, Shaan McGhie, Alec Bruchnak, Magen Lowe, William Taboas, C J Brush, Greg Hajcak","doi":"10.1177/21677026231170563","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21677026231170563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the current article, we examined the impact of two home-delivered attentional-bias-modification (ABM) programs on a biomarker of anxiety (i.e., the error-related negativity [ERN]). The ERN is sensitivity to ABM-related changes; however, it is unclear whether ABM exerts its influence on the ERN and anxiety by increasing general attentional control or by disengaging spatial allocation of attention. In this study, we measured the ERN, anxiety, attention bias, and attention control before and after two versions of ABM training and a waitlist control group in 546 adolescents. An ABM designed to increase attention control modulated the ERN but had no impact on anxiety. An ABM designed to reduce attentional bias changed bias and self-reported anxiety in youths but had no impact on the ERN or parent-reported anxiety. These results suggest that the ERN and normative anxiety may be modified using attention training.</p>","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11262561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87823845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1177/21677026241240456
C. Brewin, Andy P. Field
Taylor et al. reported that in healthy participants, memories of traumatic and comparison films did not differ in coherence. The lack of a group diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and limitations of the trauma-film paradigm mean that their design is unable to directly test predictions made by clinical theories of PTSD. Contrary to what Taylor et al. claimed, there is convincing evidence for trauma memories in PTSD being incoherent or disorganized. Meta-analysis demonstrated a strong positive association between PTSD and memory incoherence/disorganization, moderated by the effect of the methods chosen to assess disorganization.
{"title":"Meta-Analysis Shows Trauma Memories in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Lack Coherence: A Response to","authors":"C. Brewin, Andy P. Field","doi":"10.1177/21677026241240456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241240456","url":null,"abstract":"Taylor et al. reported that in healthy participants, memories of traumatic and comparison films did not differ in coherence. The lack of a group diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and limitations of the trauma-film paradigm mean that their design is unable to directly test predictions made by clinical theories of PTSD. Contrary to what Taylor et al. claimed, there is convincing evidence for trauma memories in PTSD being incoherent or disorganized. Meta-analysis demonstrated a strong positive association between PTSD and memory incoherence/disorganization, moderated by the effect of the methods chosen to assess disorganization.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140656551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-23DOI: 10.1177/21677026241242709
Jardin Dogan-Dixon, P. Wheeler, Krystal Cunningham, D. Stevens-Watkins, William W. Stoops
Evidence-based drug-treatment studies that have shaped best practice in the United States demonstrate racial differences in effectiveness, with Black participants reporting worse outcomes compared with White participants. There are disproportionate cocaine-related overdose deaths affecting Black Americans, with limited information about interventions that serve them best. Culturally tailored treatment approaches, which incorporate participants’ salient identities and experiences, have shown effectiveness in meta-analyses. Thus, in this qualitative systematic review, we used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify both culturally universal and culturally tailored treatment-intervention studies that addressed cocaine outcomes among Black Americans. Four hundred two articles met initial criteria, 330 were reviewed by independent coders, and k = 30 treatment approaches are described in the article. Results indicate 72% of culturally tailored interventions were effective at reducing cocaine use compared with 47% of culturally universal interventions. Implications for provision and funding of effective cocaine-treatment interventions for Black Americans are critical to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers alike.
{"title":"Systematic Review of Cocaine-Treatment Interventions for Black Americans","authors":"Jardin Dogan-Dixon, P. Wheeler, Krystal Cunningham, D. Stevens-Watkins, William W. Stoops","doi":"10.1177/21677026241242709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241242709","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence-based drug-treatment studies that have shaped best practice in the United States demonstrate racial differences in effectiveness, with Black participants reporting worse outcomes compared with White participants. There are disproportionate cocaine-related overdose deaths affecting Black Americans, with limited information about interventions that serve them best. Culturally tailored treatment approaches, which incorporate participants’ salient identities and experiences, have shown effectiveness in meta-analyses. Thus, in this qualitative systematic review, we used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify both culturally universal and culturally tailored treatment-intervention studies that addressed cocaine outcomes among Black Americans. Four hundred two articles met initial criteria, 330 were reviewed by independent coders, and k = 30 treatment approaches are described in the article. Results indicate 72% of culturally tailored interventions were effective at reducing cocaine use compared with 47% of culturally universal interventions. Implications for provision and funding of effective cocaine-treatment interventions for Black Americans are critical to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers alike.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140670931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-13DOI: 10.1177/21677026231217316
Cheri A. Levinson, Caroline Christian, Carolyn B. Becker
The research–practice gap refers to the fact that most evidence-based treatments created by researchers are not used in routine clinical care, which affects real-world treatment outcomes negatively. One key reason that evidence-based care is not used more frequently is its nonpersonalized format. For example, most evidence-based treatments are based on averages and are limited in addressing comorbidity, heterogeneity, and the needs of clients with minoritized identities. These limitations reduce therapist uptake of evidence-based treatment at large. As a result, most patients seeking treatment in community settings do not receive evidence-based care, which could more quickly and effectively reduce mental-health suffering. Furthermore, even clinicians who want to engage in evidence-based practice must still rely on their clinical judgment in decision-making when treatments fail to address client-specific needs. This reliance on decision-making can influence outcomes negatively. We propose that idiographic (i.e., one-person; N = 1) methodologies (data analysis of one person’s data) combined with digital mental-health technology could help reduce the research–practice gap and improve treatment outcomes. In this article, we outline the many issues contributing to these problems and how idiographic methods of personalization can address these issues. We provide an overview of idiographic methodologies and examples of how to use these methods to personalize existing evidence-based treatments with patients. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for future research and movement within the field that is needed to propel this type of personalization into routine clinical care to reduce the research–practice gap and improve treatment outcomes broadly.
{"title":"How Idiographic Methodologies Can Move the Clinical-Science Field Forward to Integrate Personalized Treatment Into Everyday Clinical Care and Improve Treatment Outcomes","authors":"Cheri A. Levinson, Caroline Christian, Carolyn B. Becker","doi":"10.1177/21677026231217316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231217316","url":null,"abstract":"The research–practice gap refers to the fact that most evidence-based treatments created by researchers are not used in routine clinical care, which affects real-world treatment outcomes negatively. One key reason that evidence-based care is not used more frequently is its nonpersonalized format. For example, most evidence-based treatments are based on averages and are limited in addressing comorbidity, heterogeneity, and the needs of clients with minoritized identities. These limitations reduce therapist uptake of evidence-based treatment at large. As a result, most patients seeking treatment in community settings do not receive evidence-based care, which could more quickly and effectively reduce mental-health suffering. Furthermore, even clinicians who want to engage in evidence-based practice must still rely on their clinical judgment in decision-making when treatments fail to address client-specific needs. This reliance on decision-making can influence outcomes negatively. We propose that idiographic (i.e., one-person; N = 1) methodologies (data analysis of one person’s data) combined with digital mental-health technology could help reduce the research–practice gap and improve treatment outcomes. In this article, we outline the many issues contributing to these problems and how idiographic methods of personalization can address these issues. We provide an overview of idiographic methodologies and examples of how to use these methods to personalize existing evidence-based treatments with patients. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for future research and movement within the field that is needed to propel this type of personalization into routine clinical care to reduce the research–practice gap and improve treatment outcomes broadly.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140584883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1177/21677026241229663
Stefan Westermann, Sven Banisch
Capturing the complexity of interpersonal dynamics—emerging from approach and avoidance motives of two individuals in dyadic interplay—remains challenging. In line with calls for embracing complexity in psychological research using formal modeling, we employed evolutionary game theory to investigate the underlying mechanisms of affiliative interpersonality. We constructed a relational state space that represents the ways of relating available in the momentary state of an interpersonal relationship. Next, we modeled relationships as trajectories in that relational space. Qualitatively different interpersonal dynamics emerged: (a) global stability with only one relational attractor (e.g., pure reciprocal friendliness), (b) bistability with two mutually exclusive attractors (e.g., either pure friendliness or pure distance), and (c) cycles between friendliness and distance in the relational space. The bistable dynamics appear to resemble the phenomenon of interpersonal complementarity (e.g., friendliness invites friendliness). Furthermore, the model generates psychopathologically relevant dynamics (e.g., oscillating, unstable interpersonal relationships in borderline personality disorder).
{"title":"A Formal Model of Affiliative Interpersonality","authors":"Stefan Westermann, Sven Banisch","doi":"10.1177/21677026241229663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241229663","url":null,"abstract":"Capturing the complexity of interpersonal dynamics—emerging from approach and avoidance motives of two individuals in dyadic interplay—remains challenging. In line with calls for embracing complexity in psychological research using formal modeling, we employed evolutionary game theory to investigate the underlying mechanisms of affiliative interpersonality. We constructed a relational state space that represents the ways of relating available in the momentary state of an interpersonal relationship. Next, we modeled relationships as trajectories in that relational space. Qualitatively different interpersonal dynamics emerged: (a) global stability with only one relational attractor (e.g., pure reciprocal friendliness), (b) bistability with two mutually exclusive attractors (e.g., either pure friendliness or pure distance), and (c) cycles between friendliness and distance in the relational space. The bistable dynamics appear to resemble the phenomenon of interpersonal complementarity (e.g., friendliness invites friendliness). Furthermore, the model generates psychopathologically relevant dynamics (e.g., oscillating, unstable interpersonal relationships in borderline personality disorder).","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140584426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1177/21677026241233262
Matthew J. Hirshberg, Cortland J. Dahl, Daniel Bolt, Richard J. Davidson, Simon B. Goldberg
Understanding why interventions work is essential to optimizing them. Although mechanistic theories of meditation-based interventions (MBIs) exist, empirical evidence is limited. We randomly assigned 662 adults (79.9% reported clinical levels of anxiety or depressive symptoms) to a 4-week smartphone-based MBI or wait-list control condition early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological distress and four theory-driven preregistered psychological mediators of well-being (mindful action, loneliness, cognitive defusion, and purpose) were assessed five times during the intervention period and at 3-month follow-up. In preregistered analyses, assignment to the intervention predicted significant gains on all mediators, which, in turn, significantly mediated follow-up distress (21.9%–62.5% of intervention effect on distress). No significant mediation pathway was observed in an exploratory multiple mediator analysis, but reduced loneliness accounted for 61.7% of the combined indirect effect. Multiple psychological pathways may mediate reduced distress in a digital MBI.
了解干预措施发挥作用的原因对于优化干预措施至关重要。虽然存在基于冥想的干预（MBI）的机理理论，但经验证据却很有限。在 COVID-19 大流行的早期，我们将 662 名成年人（79.9% 的人报告有临床水平的焦虑或抑郁症状）随机分配到为期 4 周的基于智能手机的 MBI 或等待对照组中。在干预期间和 3 个月的随访中，对心理困扰和四种理论驱动的幸福感心理中介（正念行动、孤独感、认知化解和目的）进行了五次评估。在预先登记的分析中，干预的分配预示着所有中介因子的显著提高，而这些中介因子反过来又对后续的困扰有显著的中介作用（干预对困扰影响的 21.9%-62.5% ）。在探索性的多重中介分析中，没有观察到明显的中介途径，但孤独感的减少占了综合间接效应的61.7%。在数字 MBI 中，多种心理途径都可能对减轻困扰起到中介作用。
{"title":"Psychological Mediators of Reduced Distress: Preregistered Analyses From a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Smartphone-Based Well-Being Training","authors":"Matthew J. Hirshberg, Cortland J. Dahl, Daniel Bolt, Richard J. Davidson, Simon B. Goldberg","doi":"10.1177/21677026241233262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241233262","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding why interventions work is essential to optimizing them. Although mechanistic theories of meditation-based interventions (MBIs) exist, empirical evidence is limited. We randomly assigned 662 adults (79.9% reported clinical levels of anxiety or depressive symptoms) to a 4-week smartphone-based MBI or wait-list control condition early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological distress and four theory-driven preregistered psychological mediators of well-being (mindful action, loneliness, cognitive defusion, and purpose) were assessed five times during the intervention period and at 3-month follow-up. In preregistered analyses, assignment to the intervention predicted significant gains on all mediators, which, in turn, significantly mediated follow-up distress (21.9%–62.5% of intervention effect on distress). No significant mediation pathway was observed in an exploratory multiple mediator analysis, but reduced loneliness accounted for 61.7% of the combined indirect effect. Multiple psychological pathways may mediate reduced distress in a digital MBI.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140124719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1177/21677026241230335
Megan E. Mikhail, S. Alexandra Burt, Michael C. Neale, Pamela K. Keel, Debra K. Katzman, Kelly L. Klump
Internalizing (e.g., anxiety, depression) and disordered eating (DE; e.g., binge eating, dietary restraint) are highly comorbid, but the mechanisms underlying their comorbidity remain unknown. This was the first twin study to examine whether their co-occurrence may be driven by genetic and/or environmental influences on emotion regulation (ER; ability to modulate duration/intensity of emotions). Analyses included 688 adult female twins from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Cholesky decomposition twin models showed that comorbidity between dimensionally modeled internalizing and DE was due to overlapping genetic ( r = .55; 69.3% of shared variance) and nonshared environmental influences ( r = .26; 30.7% of shared variance). When ER was added into the model, all genetic influences shared between internalizing and DE were attributable to ER, suggesting genetic influences on ER are the primary driver of comorbidity between internalizing and DE. Shared genes may shape affective processing, interoceptive sensitivity, or other brain-based processes (e.g., cognitive control) implicated in ER.
{"title":"Comorbidity Between Internalizing Symptoms and Disordered Eating Is Primarily Driven by Genetic Influences on Emotion Regulation in Adult Female Twins","authors":"Megan E. Mikhail, S. Alexandra Burt, Michael C. Neale, Pamela K. Keel, Debra K. Katzman, Kelly L. Klump","doi":"10.1177/21677026241230335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241230335","url":null,"abstract":"Internalizing (e.g., anxiety, depression) and disordered eating (DE; e.g., binge eating, dietary restraint) are highly comorbid, but the mechanisms underlying their comorbidity remain unknown. This was the first twin study to examine whether their co-occurrence may be driven by genetic and/or environmental influences on emotion regulation (ER; ability to modulate duration/intensity of emotions). Analyses included 688 adult female twins from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Cholesky decomposition twin models showed that comorbidity between dimensionally modeled internalizing and DE was due to overlapping genetic ( r = .55; 69.3% of shared variance) and nonshared environmental influences ( r = .26; 30.7% of shared variance). When ER was added into the model, all genetic influences shared between internalizing and DE were attributable to ER, suggesting genetic influences on ER are the primary driver of comorbidity between internalizing and DE. Shared genes may shape affective processing, interoceptive sensitivity, or other brain-based processes (e.g., cognitive control) implicated in ER.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140124789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1177/21677026241230458
Cele Richardson, Natasha R. Magson, Ella Oar, Jasmine Fardouly, Carly Johnco, Justin Freeman, Ron M. Rapee
Sleep problems commonly co-occur alongside generalized and social anxiety, depression, and eating disorders in young people. Yet it is unclear if sleep disturbance conveys risk for these social-emotional disorders across early to middle adolescence and whether repetitive negative thinking (RNT) mediates this association. In this study, we examined longitudinal relationships between sleep (morning/eveningness, school-night sleep duration, and sleepiness), general and presleep RNT, and symptoms of generalized and social anxiety, depression, and eating disorders across 5 years. As part of the wider Risks to Adolescent Wellbeing Project, these constructs were assessed in a cohort of 528 youths over six annual waves of data collection, spanning ages 11 to 16. Cross-lagged panel models that examined direct, indirect, and bidirectional associations showed that worse adolescent sleep predicted increases in symptoms of generalized anxiety, social anxiety, depression, and eating disorders across each wave directly and indirectly through general and presleep RNT. Symptoms of social-emotional disorders did not predict worsening in sleep. Results suggest that sleep disturbance and RNT should be targeted simultaneously in the prevention and treatment of social-emotional disorders in adolescence, although limitations around the use of self-report and nondiagnostic symptom measures are noted.
{"title":"Repetitive Negative Thinking Mediates the Relationship Between Sleep Disturbance and Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety, Social Anxiety, Depression, and Eating Disorders in Adolescence: Findings From a 5-Year Longitudinal Study","authors":"Cele Richardson, Natasha R. Magson, Ella Oar, Jasmine Fardouly, Carly Johnco, Justin Freeman, Ron M. Rapee","doi":"10.1177/21677026241230458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241230458","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep problems commonly co-occur alongside generalized and social anxiety, depression, and eating disorders in young people. Yet it is unclear if sleep disturbance conveys risk for these social-emotional disorders across early to middle adolescence and whether repetitive negative thinking (RNT) mediates this association. In this study, we examined longitudinal relationships between sleep (morning/eveningness, school-night sleep duration, and sleepiness), general and presleep RNT, and symptoms of generalized and social anxiety, depression, and eating disorders across 5 years. As part of the wider Risks to Adolescent Wellbeing Project, these constructs were assessed in a cohort of 528 youths over six annual waves of data collection, spanning ages 11 to 16. Cross-lagged panel models that examined direct, indirect, and bidirectional associations showed that worse adolescent sleep predicted increases in symptoms of generalized anxiety, social anxiety, depression, and eating disorders across each wave directly and indirectly through general and presleep RNT. Symptoms of social-emotional disorders did not predict worsening in sleep. Results suggest that sleep disturbance and RNT should be targeted simultaneously in the prevention and treatment of social-emotional disorders in adolescence, although limitations around the use of self-report and nondiagnostic symptom measures are noted.","PeriodicalId":54234,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140124798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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