Alexander James, J. Emile‐Geay, Nishant Malik, D. Khider
Paleoclimate records can be considered low‐dimensional projections of the climate system that generated them. Understanding what these projections tell us about past climates, and changes in their dynamics, is a main goal of time series analysis on such records. Laplacian eigenmaps of recurrence matrices (LERM) is a novel technique using univariate paleoclimate time series data to indicate when notable shifts in dynamics have occurred. LERM leverages time delay embedding to construct a manifold that is mappable to the attractor of the climate system; this manifold can then be analyzed for significant dynamical transitions. Through numerical experiments with observed and synthetic data, LERM is applied to detect both gradual and abrupt regime transitions. Our paragon for gradual transitions is the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT). We show that LERM can robustly detect gradual MPT‐like transitions for sufficiently high signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratios, though with a time lag related to the embedding process. Our paragon of abrupt transitions is the “8.2 ka” event; we find that LERM is generally robust at detecting 8.2 ka‐like transitions for sufficiently high S/N ratios, though edge effects become more influential. We conclude that LERM can usefully detect dynamical transitions in paleogeoscientific time series, with the caveat that false positive rates are high when dynamical transitions are not present, suggesting the importance of using multiple records to confirm the robustness of transitions. We share an open‐source Python package to facilitate the use of LERM in paleoclimatology and paleoceanography.
古气候记录可被视为产生这些记录的气候系统的低维预测。了解这些预测对过去气候及其动态变化的启示，是对此类记录进行时间序列分析的主要目标。重现矩阵的拉普拉奇特征图（LERM）是一种利用单变量古气候时间序列数据的新技术，可以指出何时发生了显著的动态变化。LERM 利用时间延迟嵌入来构建一个可映射到气候系统吸引子的流形；然后可以分析这个流形以发现重要的动态转变。通过对观测数据和合成数据进行数值实验，LERM 被应用于检测渐变和突变机制转换。我们的渐变过渡典范是中更新世过渡（MPT）。我们的研究表明，在信噪比（S/N）足够高的情况下，LERM 可以稳健地检测到类似于 MPT 的渐变过渡，不过会有一个与嵌入过程相关的时滞。我们的突变典范是 "8.2 ka "事件；我们发现，在信噪比足够高的情况下，LERM 在检测类似于 8.2 ka 的突变方面总体上是稳健的，不过边缘效应的影响变得更大。我们的结论是，LERM 可以有效地检测古地理科学时间序列中的动态转变，但需要注意的是，当动态转变不存在时，假阳性率会很高，这表明使用多条记录来确认转变的稳健性非常重要。我们分享了一个开源 Python 软件包，以方便在古气候学和古海洋学中使用 LERM。
{"title":"Detecting Paleoclimate Transitions With Laplacian Eigenmaps of Recurrence Matrices (LERM)","authors":"Alexander James, J. Emile‐Geay, Nishant Malik, D. Khider","doi":"10.1029/2023pa004700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023pa004700","url":null,"abstract":"Paleoclimate records can be considered low‐dimensional projections of the climate system that generated them. Understanding what these projections tell us about past climates, and changes in their dynamics, is a main goal of time series analysis on such records. Laplacian eigenmaps of recurrence matrices (LERM) is a novel technique using univariate paleoclimate time series data to indicate when notable shifts in dynamics have occurred. LERM leverages time delay embedding to construct a manifold that is mappable to the attractor of the climate system; this manifold can then be analyzed for significant dynamical transitions. Through numerical experiments with observed and synthetic data, LERM is applied to detect both gradual and abrupt regime transitions. Our paragon for gradual transitions is the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT). We show that LERM can robustly detect gradual MPT‐like transitions for sufficiently high signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratios, though with a time lag related to the embedding process. Our paragon of abrupt transitions is the “8.2 ka” event; we find that LERM is generally robust at detecting 8.2 ka‐like transitions for sufficiently high S/N ratios, though edge effects become more influential. We conclude that LERM can usefully detect dynamical transitions in paleogeoscientific time series, with the caveat that false positive rates are high when dynamical transitions are not present, suggesting the importance of using multiple records to confirm the robustness of transitions. We share an open‐source Python package to facilitate the use of LERM in paleoclimatology and paleoceanography.","PeriodicalId":54239,"journal":{"name":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","volume":"120 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinquan Zhou, Stéphanie Duchamp-Alphonse, Franck Bassinot, Chuanlian Liu
Insolation is the engine of monsoon and Walker circulations over the tropical Indian Ocean. Here, we present Holocene coccolith‐related net primary productivity (NPP) signals from two sediment cores retrieved in the wind‐driven coastal upwelling systems off southern India and southern Sumatra. Upwelling‐induced NPP is enhanced during summer and autumn and is a powerful tool to reconstruct atmospheric features at a seasonal scale. Our records indicate that during summer and autumn, westerly winds off southern India strengthened from the early‐Holocene (EH) to late‐Holocene (LH), while southeasterly winds off southern Sumatra strengthened from the EH to mid‐Holocene (MH) and weakened from the MH to LH. Comparisons with previous paleoclimate records and simulations, allow us to confirm such wind patterns at a regional scale and identify distinct atmospheric features associated to insolation before and after the MH. From the EH to MH, as the insolation in the Northern Hemisphere weakens during summer and strengthens during autumn, the equatorial Indian Ocean is characterized by more vigorous Walker and monsoon circulations in summer and autumn, respectively. From the MH to LH, as the insolation weakens in the Northern Hemisphere during summer and over the equator during autumn, the equatorial Indian Ocean is influenced by a general reinforcement of the Walker circulation during both seasons, a feature that we relate to a modern negative IOD‐like mode. The changes in wind result in increasing precipitation over Indonesia and India from EH to MH and over Indonesia from MH to LH as India is getting dryer.
{"title":"Summer and Autumn Insolation as the Pacemaker of Surface Wind and Precipitation Dynamics Over Tropical Indian Ocean During the Holocene: Insights From Paleoproductivity Records and Paleoclimate Simulations","authors":"Xinquan Zhou, Stéphanie Duchamp-Alphonse, Franck Bassinot, Chuanlian Liu","doi":"10.1029/2023pa004786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023pa004786","url":null,"abstract":"Insolation is the engine of monsoon and Walker circulations over the tropical Indian Ocean. Here, we present Holocene coccolith‐related net primary productivity (NPP) signals from two sediment cores retrieved in the wind‐driven coastal upwelling systems off southern India and southern Sumatra. Upwelling‐induced NPP is enhanced during summer and autumn and is a powerful tool to reconstruct atmospheric features at a seasonal scale. Our records indicate that during summer and autumn, westerly winds off southern India strengthened from the early‐Holocene (EH) to late‐Holocene (LH), while southeasterly winds off southern Sumatra strengthened from the EH to mid‐Holocene (MH) and weakened from the MH to LH. Comparisons with previous paleoclimate records and simulations, allow us to confirm such wind patterns at a regional scale and identify distinct atmospheric features associated to insolation before and after the MH. From the EH to MH, as the insolation in the Northern Hemisphere weakens during summer and strengthens during autumn, the equatorial Indian Ocean is characterized by more vigorous Walker and monsoon circulations in summer and autumn, respectively. From the MH to LH, as the insolation weakens in the Northern Hemisphere during summer and over the equator during autumn, the equatorial Indian Ocean is influenced by a general reinforcement of the Walker circulation during both seasons, a feature that we relate to a modern negative IOD‐like mode. The changes in wind result in increasing precipitation over Indonesia and India from EH to MH and over Indonesia from MH to LH as India is getting dryer.","PeriodicalId":54239,"journal":{"name":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139393611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Peaple, Tripti Bhattacharya, J. Tierney, Jeffrey R. Knott, T. Lowenstein, S. Feakins
Ancient lake deposits in the Mojave Desert indicate that the water cycle in this currently dry place was radically different under past climates. Here we revisit a 700 m core drilled 55 years ago from Searles Valley, California, that recovered evidence for a lacustrine phase during the late Pliocene. We update the paleomagnetic age model and extract new biomarker evidence for climatic conditions from lacustrine deposits (3.373–2.706 Ma). The MBT′5Me temperature proxy detects present‐day conditions (21 ± 3°C, n = 2) initially, followed by warmer‐than‐present conditions (25 ± 3°C, n = 17) starting at 3.268 and ending at 2.734 Ma. Bacterial and archeal biomarkers reveal lake salinity increased after 3.268 Ma likely reflecting increased evaporation in response to higher temperatures. The δ13C values of plant waxes (−30.7 ± 1.4‰, n = 28) are consistent with local C3 taxa, likely expanded conifer woodlands during the pluvial with less C4 than the Pleistocene. δD values (−174 ± 5‰, n = 25) of plant waxes indicate precipitation δD values (−89 ± 5‰, n = 25) in the late Pliocene are within the same range as the late Pleistocene precipitation δD. Microbial biomarkers identify a deep, freshwater lake and a cooling that corresponds to the onset of major Northern Hemisphere glaciation at marine isotope stage marine isotope stages M2 (3.3 Ma). A more saline lake persisted for ∼0.6 Ma across the subsequent warmth of the late Pliocene (3.268–2.734 Ma) before the lake desiccated at the Pleistocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation.
{"title":"Biomarker Evidence for an MIS M2 Glacial‐Pluvial in the Mojave Desert Before Warming and Drying in the Late Pliocene","authors":"M. Peaple, Tripti Bhattacharya, J. Tierney, Jeffrey R. Knott, T. Lowenstein, S. Feakins","doi":"10.1029/2023pa004687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023pa004687","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient lake deposits in the Mojave Desert indicate that the water cycle in this currently dry place was radically different under past climates. Here we revisit a 700 m core drilled 55 years ago from Searles Valley, California, that recovered evidence for a lacustrine phase during the late Pliocene. We update the paleomagnetic age model and extract new biomarker evidence for climatic conditions from lacustrine deposits (3.373–2.706 Ma). The MBT′5Me temperature proxy detects present‐day conditions (21 ± 3°C, n = 2) initially, followed by warmer‐than‐present conditions (25 ± 3°C, n = 17) starting at 3.268 and ending at 2.734 Ma. Bacterial and archeal biomarkers reveal lake salinity increased after 3.268 Ma likely reflecting increased evaporation in response to higher temperatures. The δ13C values of plant waxes (−30.7 ± 1.4‰, n = 28) are consistent with local C3 taxa, likely expanded conifer woodlands during the pluvial with less C4 than the Pleistocene. δD values (−174 ± 5‰, n = 25) of plant waxes indicate precipitation δD values (−89 ± 5‰, n = 25) in the late Pliocene are within the same range as the late Pleistocene precipitation δD. Microbial biomarkers identify a deep, freshwater lake and a cooling that corresponds to the onset of major Northern Hemisphere glaciation at marine isotope stage marine isotope stages M2 (3.3 Ma). A more saline lake persisted for ∼0.6 Ma across the subsequent warmth of the late Pliocene (3.268–2.734 Ma) before the lake desiccated at the Pleistocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation.","PeriodicalId":54239,"journal":{"name":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","volume":"76 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth W. Patterson, Julia E. Cole, K. Dyez, L. Vetter, Janice M. Lough
Salinity in the Indonesian seas integrates regional oceanographic and atmospheric processes, such as Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and monsoon rainfall. Here we present a multicentury (1777–1983) δ18O coral record from Nightcliff Reef, located in the Timor Passage off the coast of northern Australia, which we use to infer local salinity change. We show that Australian monsoon rainfall and ITF influence salinity at the study site. These reconstructed salinity changes in the Timor Passage correlate with changes in Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) modes, including the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). While environmental stress creates challenging conditions for coral growth, this record particularly tracks the central Pacific signature of ENSO‐driven interannual variability, in agreement with reconstructions of rainfall across northern Australia. The strength of interannual variance in the record follows fluctuations in other local ENSO‐sensitive rainfall reconstructions, demonstrating a strong regional ENSO signature. However, this regional pattern differs from variance in composite ENSO reconstructions, suggesting that the multi‐site nature of these reconstructions may create biases. Salinity variability on decadal and longer time scales occurs throughout the record. Some of these oscillations are consistent with other ITF‐sensitive coral records. Our new salinity record adds a strongly Pacific‐sensitive record to the existing suite of regional paleoclimate reconstructions. Relationships among these records highlight the complexity of salinity in the Indonesian seas and the controls on its variability.
{"title":"Pacific‐Driven Salinity Variability in the Timor Passage Since 1777","authors":"Elizabeth W. Patterson, Julia E. Cole, K. Dyez, L. Vetter, Janice M. Lough","doi":"10.1029/2023pa004702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023pa004702","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity in the Indonesian seas integrates regional oceanographic and atmospheric processes, such as Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and monsoon rainfall. Here we present a multicentury (1777–1983) δ18O coral record from Nightcliff Reef, located in the Timor Passage off the coast of northern Australia, which we use to infer local salinity change. We show that Australian monsoon rainfall and ITF influence salinity at the study site. These reconstructed salinity changes in the Timor Passage correlate with changes in Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) modes, including the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). While environmental stress creates challenging conditions for coral growth, this record particularly tracks the central Pacific signature of ENSO‐driven interannual variability, in agreement with reconstructions of rainfall across northern Australia. The strength of interannual variance in the record follows fluctuations in other local ENSO‐sensitive rainfall reconstructions, demonstrating a strong regional ENSO signature. However, this regional pattern differs from variance in composite ENSO reconstructions, suggesting that the multi‐site nature of these reconstructions may create biases. Salinity variability on decadal and longer time scales occurs throughout the record. Some of these oscillations are consistent with other ITF‐sensitive coral records. Our new salinity record adds a strongly Pacific‐sensitive record to the existing suite of regional paleoclimate reconstructions. Relationships among these records highlight the complexity of salinity in the Indonesian seas and the controls on its variability.","PeriodicalId":54239,"journal":{"name":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","volume":"28 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138623932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the middle Miocene climatic transition, the Earth's climate has steadily cooled. The late Miocene global cooling (LMGC) and the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG) were two key cooling events occurring during this time. To better understand the mechanisms underlying these cooling events, changes in radiolarian microfossil assemblages were examined in this study, aiming at the reconstructing of oceanographic changes that have occurred at Ocean Drilling Program site 1208 during the last 10 million years. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were reconstructed based on radiolarian species that were extant 0–10 million years ago. Reconstructed SSTs were then compared with previously published alkenone‐based SSTs at site 1208, and it was found that overall, using SSTs based only on extant radiolarian species yielded a correct record for the last 10 million years. However, large discrepancies were observed between radiolarian‐ and alkenone‐based SSTs during LMGC and the NHG. These discrepancies were attributed to the sustained influence of subsurface water (at depths from ∼50 to 100 m) on assemblages of radiolarians during extreme cooling events. Relative abundances of other radiolarian groups indicated that during LMGC, there was a reorganization of the regional oceanography that probably weakened the Pacific meridional overturning circulation, increased the meridional temperature gradient, and caused a southward migration of the subtropical front. Probably, the North Pacific intermediate water expanded southeastward during NHG.
{"title":"Evolution of Oceanography of the Central Northwest Pacific Over the Past 10 Million Years With Focus on Late Miocene Global Cooling","authors":"Kenji M. Matsuzaki","doi":"10.1029/2023pa004789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023pa004789","url":null,"abstract":"Since the middle Miocene climatic transition, the Earth's climate has steadily cooled. The late Miocene global cooling (LMGC) and the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG) were two key cooling events occurring during this time. To better understand the mechanisms underlying these cooling events, changes in radiolarian microfossil assemblages were examined in this study, aiming at the reconstructing of oceanographic changes that have occurred at Ocean Drilling Program site 1208 during the last 10 million years. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were reconstructed based on radiolarian species that were extant 0–10 million years ago. Reconstructed SSTs were then compared with previously published alkenone‐based SSTs at site 1208, and it was found that overall, using SSTs based only on extant radiolarian species yielded a correct record for the last 10 million years. However, large discrepancies were observed between radiolarian‐ and alkenone‐based SSTs during LMGC and the NHG. These discrepancies were attributed to the sustained influence of subsurface water (at depths from ∼50 to 100 m) on assemblages of radiolarians during extreme cooling events. Relative abundances of other radiolarian groups indicated that during LMGC, there was a reorganization of the regional oceanography that probably weakened the Pacific meridional overturning circulation, increased the meridional temperature gradient, and caused a southward migration of the subtropical front. Probably, the North Pacific intermediate water expanded southeastward during NHG.","PeriodicalId":54239,"journal":{"name":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","volume":"331 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139021793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Harbott, H. C. Wu, H. Kuhnert, C. Jimenez, P. González‐Díaz, T. Rixen
The Gulf of Mexico is a vital region for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), that fuels the exchange of heat between the tropics and the polar regions. A weakening of the AMOC would have dire consequences for the planet. First observations and ocean models show that this process has already started. Very limited knowledge of the components that are part of the AMOC such as the Loop Current (LC) make it difficult to understand its dynamics as well as changes in strength or temperature since the onset of the Industrial Revolution. Currently, there are no continuous in situ sea surface temperature or salinity measurements for the southeastern Gulf of Mexico or reconstruction attempts for this region, showing the necessity for high‐resolution climate archives. A Siderastrea siderea coral core was retrieved from the northwestern Cuban coast and used as a sub‐seasonally resolved sea surface temperature and hydroclimate archive. The approach is based on skeletal δ18O, and trace and minor element contents show an increase in temperature over 160 years since 1845 of 2.6–3.3°C. A possible stagnation of the warming trend set in after the 1980s, indicating a potential weakening of the Loop Current. Impacts in sea surface salinity such as El Niño events in the Pacific region can still be detected in the Gulf of Mexico as decreases in salinity in 1998 from the reconstructed δ18OSW coral record. In situ measurements remain crucial to understand the dynamics in the LC and its influence on the AMOC.
{"title":"A Warming Southern Gulf of Mexico: Reconstruction of Anthropogenic Environmental Changes From a Siderastrea siderea Coral on the Northern Coast of Cuba","authors":"M. Harbott, H. C. Wu, H. Kuhnert, C. Jimenez, P. González‐Díaz, T. Rixen","doi":"10.1029/2023pa004717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023pa004717","url":null,"abstract":"The Gulf of Mexico is a vital region for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), that fuels the exchange of heat between the tropics and the polar regions. A weakening of the AMOC would have dire consequences for the planet. First observations and ocean models show that this process has already started. Very limited knowledge of the components that are part of the AMOC such as the Loop Current (LC) make it difficult to understand its dynamics as well as changes in strength or temperature since the onset of the Industrial Revolution. Currently, there are no continuous in situ sea surface temperature or salinity measurements for the southeastern Gulf of Mexico or reconstruction attempts for this region, showing the necessity for high‐resolution climate archives. A Siderastrea siderea coral core was retrieved from the northwestern Cuban coast and used as a sub‐seasonally resolved sea surface temperature and hydroclimate archive. The approach is based on skeletal δ18O, and trace and minor element contents show an increase in temperature over 160 years since 1845 of 2.6–3.3°C. A possible stagnation of the warming trend set in after the 1980s, indicating a potential weakening of the Loop Current. Impacts in sea surface salinity such as El Niño events in the Pacific region can still be detected in the Gulf of Mexico as decreases in salinity in 1998 from the reconstructed δ18OSW coral record. In situ measurements remain crucial to understand the dynamics in the LC and its influence on the AMOC.","PeriodicalId":54239,"journal":{"name":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","volume":"45 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138989007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We introduce a new hypothesis concerning the role of internal climate dynamics in the non‐linear transitions from interglacial to glacial (IG‐G) state since the Mid Pleistocene Transition (MPT). These transitions encompass large and abrupt changes in atmospheric CO2, ice volume, and temperature that we suggest involve critical interactions between insolation and high amplitude oscillations in ocean/atmosphere circulation patterns. Specifically, we highlight the large amplitude of millennial‐scale climate oscillations across the transition from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 to 4, which we argue led to amplified cooling of the deep ocean and we demonstrate that analogous episodes of extreme cooling systematically preceded glacial periods of the last 800 kyr. We suggest that such cooling necessitates a reconfiguration of the deep ocean to avoid a density paradox between northern and southern‐sourced deep waters (SSW), which could be accomplished by increasing the relative volume and or salinity of SSW, thus providing the necessary storage capacity for the subsequent (delayed) and relatively abrupt drawdown of CO2. We therefore explain the transient decoupling of Antarctic temperature from CO2 across MIS 5/4 as a direct consequence of millennial activity at that time. We further show that similar climatic decoupling typically occurred during times of low obliquity and was a ubiquitous feature of IG‐G transitions over the past 800 kyr, producing the appearance of bimodality in records of CO2, benthic δ18O and others. Finally we argue that the apparent lack of bimodality in the pre‐MPT record of benthic δ18O implies that the dynamics associated with IG‐G transitions changed across the MPT.
我们提出了一个新的假设，即自中更新世过渡（MPT）以来，内部气候动力学在从间冰期向冰川期（IG-G）的非线性过渡中的作用。这些转变包括大气中二氧化碳、冰量和温度的巨大突变，我们认为这涉及日照和海洋/大气环流模式中高振幅振荡之间的关键相互作用。具体而言，我们强调了从海洋同位素阶段（MIS）5 到 4 的过渡期间千年尺度气候振荡的大振幅，我们认为这导致了深海的放大冷却，我们还证明了在过去 800 千年的冰川期之前系统性地出现了类似的极端冷却现象。我们认为，这种冷却需要对深海进行重新配置，以避免北源深水和南源深水（SSW）之间的密度悖论，这可以通过增加 SSW 的相对体积和盐度来实现，从而为随后（延迟）和相对突然的二氧化碳减少提供必要的储存能力。因此，我们将整个 MIS 5/4 中南极温度与 CO2 的瞬时脱钩解释为当时千年活动的直接结果。我们进一步证明，类似的气候脱钩通常发生在低纬度时期，是过去 800 千年 IG-G 转换的一个普遍特征，导致二氧化碳、底栖生物 δ18O 等记录出现双峰现象。最后，我们认为，MPT前的底栖生物δ18O记录明显缺乏双峰性，这意味着与IG-G转换相关的动力学在整个MPT期间发生了变化。
{"title":"A Systematic Role for Extreme Ocean‐Atmosphere Oscillations in the Development of Glacial Conditions Since the Mid Pleistocene Transition","authors":"Stephen Barker, G. Knorr","doi":"10.1029/2023pa004690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023pa004690","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a new hypothesis concerning the role of internal climate dynamics in the non‐linear transitions from interglacial to glacial (IG‐G) state since the Mid Pleistocene Transition (MPT). These transitions encompass large and abrupt changes in atmospheric CO2, ice volume, and temperature that we suggest involve critical interactions between insolation and high amplitude oscillations in ocean/atmosphere circulation patterns. Specifically, we highlight the large amplitude of millennial‐scale climate oscillations across the transition from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 to 4, which we argue led to amplified cooling of the deep ocean and we demonstrate that analogous episodes of extreme cooling systematically preceded glacial periods of the last 800 kyr. We suggest that such cooling necessitates a reconfiguration of the deep ocean to avoid a density paradox between northern and southern‐sourced deep waters (SSW), which could be accomplished by increasing the relative volume and or salinity of SSW, thus providing the necessary storage capacity for the subsequent (delayed) and relatively abrupt drawdown of CO2. We therefore explain the transient decoupling of Antarctic temperature from CO2 across MIS 5/4 as a direct consequence of millennial activity at that time. We further show that similar climatic decoupling typically occurred during times of low obliquity and was a ubiquitous feature of IG‐G transitions over the past 800 kyr, producing the appearance of bimodality in records of CO2, benthic δ18O and others. Finally we argue that the apparent lack of bimodality in the pre‐MPT record of benthic δ18O implies that the dynamics associated with IG‐G transitions changed across the MPT.","PeriodicalId":54239,"journal":{"name":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","volume":"312 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139019903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Lyu, G. Auer, O. Bialik, Beth A Christensen, Ryo Yamaoka, David, De Vleeschouwer
A significant shift in Earth's climate characterizes the Neogene, transitioning from a single‐ice‐sheet planet to the current bipolar configuration. This climate evolution is closely linked to changing ocean currents, but globally‐distributed continuous high‐resolution sedimentary records are needed to fully capture this interaction. The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 752, located on Broken Ridge in the Indian Ocean, provides such a Miocene‐to‐recent archive. We use X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning to build an eccentricity‐tuned age‐depth model and reconstruct paleoceanographic changes since 23 Ma. We find two intervals of enhanced productivity, during the early and middle Miocene (18.5–13.7 Ma) and late Pliocene/early Pleistocene (3–1 Ma). We also report a mixed eccentricity‐obliquity imprint in the XRF‐derived paleoproductivity proxy. In terms of grain size, three coarsening steps occur between 19.2–16 Ma, 10.8–8 Ma, and since 2.6 Ma. The steps respectively indicate stronger current winnowing in response to vigorous Antarctic Intermediate Water flow over Broken Ridge in the early Miocene, the first transient onset of Tasman Leakage in the Late Miocene, and the intensification of global oceanic circulation at the Plio‐Pleistocene transition. High‐resolution iron and manganese series provide a detailed Neogene dust record. This study utilized a single hole from an ODP legacy‐site. Nevertheless, we managed to provide novel perspectives on past Indian Ocean responses to astronomical forcing. We conclude that Neogene sediments from Broken Ridge harbor the potential for even more comprehensive reconstructions. Realizing this potential necessitates re‐drilling of these sedimentary archives utilizing modern drilling strategies.
新近纪地球气候发生了重大变化，从单一冰盖行星过渡到目前的双极构造。这种气候演变与不断变化的洋流密切相关，但需要全球分布的连续高分辨率沉积记录来充分捕捉这种相互作用。位于印度洋布罗肯海脊的大洋钻探计划（ODP）752站点提供了这样一个中新世到新近的档案。我们利用 X 射线荧光（XRF）岩心扫描建立了一个偏心调谐年龄-深度模型，并重建了自 23 Ma 以来的古海洋学变化。我们发现在中新世早期和中期（18.5-13.7 Ma）以及上新世晚期/更新世早期（3-1 Ma）有两个生产力增强的时期。我们还报告了 XRF 衍生的古生产率代理中的偏心-偏斜混合印记。就粒度而言，在 19.2-16 Ma、10.8-8 Ma 和自 2.6 Ma 之间出现了三个粗化阶段。这三个阶段分别表明，在中新世早期，南极中层水流过断裂海脊时产生了更强的海流绞杀作用；在中新世晚期，塔斯曼漏流首次瞬时出现；在上新世-早更新世过渡时期，全球大洋环流加强。高分辨率的铁和锰系列提供了详细的新近纪尘埃记录。这项研究只利用了 ODP 遗址中的一个钻孔。尽管如此，我们还是成功地为过去印度洋对天文作用力的响应提供了新的视角。我们的结论是，布罗肯岭的新近纪沉积物具有进行更全面重建的潜力。要实现这一潜力，就必须利用现代钻探策略对这些沉积档案进行重新钻探。
{"title":"Astronomically‐Paced Changes in Paleoproductivity, Winnowing, and Mineral Flux Over Broken Ridge (Indian Ocean) Since the Early Miocene","authors":"Jing Lyu, G. Auer, O. Bialik, Beth A Christensen, Ryo Yamaoka, David, De Vleeschouwer","doi":"10.1029/2023pa004761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023pa004761","url":null,"abstract":"A significant shift in Earth's climate characterizes the Neogene, transitioning from a single‐ice‐sheet planet to the current bipolar configuration. This climate evolution is closely linked to changing ocean currents, but globally‐distributed continuous high‐resolution sedimentary records are needed to fully capture this interaction. The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 752, located on Broken Ridge in the Indian Ocean, provides such a Miocene‐to‐recent archive. We use X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning to build an eccentricity‐tuned age‐depth model and reconstruct paleoceanographic changes since 23 Ma. We find two intervals of enhanced productivity, during the early and middle Miocene (18.5–13.7 Ma) and late Pliocene/early Pleistocene (3–1 Ma). We also report a mixed eccentricity‐obliquity imprint in the XRF‐derived paleoproductivity proxy. In terms of grain size, three coarsening steps occur between 19.2–16 Ma, 10.8–8 Ma, and since 2.6 Ma. The steps respectively indicate stronger current winnowing in response to vigorous Antarctic Intermediate Water flow over Broken Ridge in the early Miocene, the first transient onset of Tasman Leakage in the Late Miocene, and the intensification of global oceanic circulation at the Plio‐Pleistocene transition. High‐resolution iron and manganese series provide a detailed Neogene dust record. This study utilized a single hole from an ODP legacy‐site. Nevertheless, we managed to provide novel perspectives on past Indian Ocean responses to astronomical forcing. We conclude that Neogene sediments from Broken Ridge harbor the potential for even more comprehensive reconstructions. Realizing this potential necessitates re‐drilling of these sedimentary archives utilizing modern drilling strategies.","PeriodicalId":54239,"journal":{"name":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","volume":"449 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139018247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Wood, Kathleen R. Johnson, Lindsey. E. Lewis, K. Wright, Jessica K. Wang, A. Borsato, Michael L. Griffiths, Andrew Mason, Gideon M. Henderson, Jacob B. Setera, S. Frisia, Sengphone Keophanhya, Joyce C. White
The 8.2 ka event is the most significant global climate anomaly of the Holocene epoch, but a lack of records from Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) currently limits our understanding of the spatial and temporal extent of the climate response. A newly developed speleothem record from Tham Doun Mai Cave, Northern Laos provides the first high‐resolution record of this event in MSEA. Our multiproxy record (δ18O, δ13C, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and petrographic data), anchored in time by 9 U‐Th ages, reveals a significant reduction in local rainfall amount and weakening of the monsoon at the event onset at ∼8.29 ± 0.03 ka BP. This response lasts for a minimum of ∼170 years, similar to event length estimates from other speleothem δ18O monsoon records. Interestingly, however, our δ13C and Mg/Ca data, proxies for local hydrology, show that abrupt changes to local rainfall amounts began decades earlier (∼70 years) than registered in the δ18O. Moreover, the δ13C and Mg/Ca also show that reductions in rainfall continued for at least ∼200 years longer than the weakening of the monsoon inferred from the δ18O. Our interpretations suggest that drier conditions brought on by the 8.2 ka event in MSEA were felt beyond the temporal boundaries defined by δ18O‐inferred monsoon intensity, and an initial wet period (or precursor event) may have preceded the local drying. Most existing Asian Monsoon proxy records of the 8.2 ka event may lack the resolution and/or multiproxy information necessary to establish local and regional hydrological sensitivity to abrupt climate change.
8.2 ka事件是全新世时期最重要的全球气候异常现象，但目前东南亚大陆（MSEA）记录的缺乏限制了我们对气候响应的时空范围的了解。老挝北部 Tham Doun Mai 洞穴新发现的岩浆记录首次提供了东南亚大陆这一事件的高分辨率记录。我们的多代理记录（δ18O、δ13C、Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca 和岩石学数据）以 9 个铀-钍年龄为时间锚定，揭示了在事件开始（8.29 ± 0.03 ka BP）时当地降雨量的显著减少和季风的减弱。这种反应至少持续了 170 年，与其他岩浆δ18O 季风记录估计的事件持续时间相似。然而，有趣的是，我们的δ13C 和 Mg/Ca 数据（当地水文的代用指标）显示，当地降雨量的突然变化比δ18O 记录的时间早几十年（∼70 年）。此外，δ13C 和 Mg/Ca 还表明，降雨量的减少至少持续了 200 年，比根据δ18O 推断的季风减弱的时间要长。我们的解释表明，MSEA 8.2 ka事件带来的较干旱条件超出了δ18O推断的季风强度所定义的时间界限，在局部干燥之前可能有一个初始的湿润期（或前兆事件）。大多数关于 8.2 ka 事件的现有亚洲季风代用记录可能缺乏必要的分辨率和/或多代用信息，无法确定当地和区域水文对突变气候变化的敏感性。
{"title":"High‐Resolution, Multiproxy Speleothem Record of the 8.2 ka Event From Mainland Southeast Asia","authors":"C. Wood, Kathleen R. Johnson, Lindsey. E. Lewis, K. Wright, Jessica K. Wang, A. Borsato, Michael L. Griffiths, Andrew Mason, Gideon M. Henderson, Jacob B. Setera, S. Frisia, Sengphone Keophanhya, Joyce C. White","doi":"10.1029/2023pa004675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023pa004675","url":null,"abstract":"The 8.2 ka event is the most significant global climate anomaly of the Holocene epoch, but a lack of records from Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) currently limits our understanding of the spatial and temporal extent of the climate response. A newly developed speleothem record from Tham Doun Mai Cave, Northern Laos provides the first high‐resolution record of this event in MSEA. Our multiproxy record (δ18O, δ13C, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and petrographic data), anchored in time by 9 U‐Th ages, reveals a significant reduction in local rainfall amount and weakening of the monsoon at the event onset at ∼8.29 ± 0.03 ka BP. This response lasts for a minimum of ∼170 years, similar to event length estimates from other speleothem δ18O monsoon records. Interestingly, however, our δ13C and Mg/Ca data, proxies for local hydrology, show that abrupt changes to local rainfall amounts began decades earlier (∼70 years) than registered in the δ18O. Moreover, the δ13C and Mg/Ca also show that reductions in rainfall continued for at least ∼200 years longer than the weakening of the monsoon inferred from the δ18O. Our interpretations suggest that drier conditions brought on by the 8.2 ka event in MSEA were felt beyond the temporal boundaries defined by δ18O‐inferred monsoon intensity, and an initial wet period (or precursor event) may have preceded the local drying. Most existing Asian Monsoon proxy records of the 8.2 ka event may lack the resolution and/or multiproxy information necessary to establish local and regional hydrological sensitivity to abrupt climate change.","PeriodicalId":54239,"journal":{"name":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","volume":"198 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139026502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To better understand the effect of the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) on continental ecosystems, we studied 40 new palynological samples from the Bighorn Basin (BHB), northwestern Wyoming, USA. We see palm and fern abundances increase in the last 20–40 ka of the Paleocene, then dramatically with the onset of the carbon isotope excursion (CIE) defining the base of the PETM. Palynomorphs of plant groups with modern temperate climate distributions are absent from the CIE body, and this is when tropical plants are most diverse and abundant. During the CIE recovery, pollen of mesophytic/wetland plants become more common while tropical taxa persist. In the post‐CIE early Eocene tropical taxa are rare and temperate forms abundant, similar to the late but not latest Paleocene. Changes in the palynoflora are more easily detected if reworked palynomorphs are removed from analyses. We interpret palynofloral changes to indicate warming in the latest Paleocene, rapid warming and drying with the CIE onset, dry tropical climates through the CIE body, a return to wetter floodplains during a very warm CIE recovery, and cooler wet conditions in the post‐PETM early Eocene. These inferences are consistent with geochemical and paleobotanical proxies. Strikingly similar patterns in the palynoflora and megaflora suggest changes in vegetation were a basin‐wide phenomenon. These rapid, climatically forced changes in floral composition occurred without major extinction, perhaps indicating nearby refugia in which plants adapted to cooler and wetter climates persisted through the PETM.
{"title":"Palynofloral Change Through the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming","authors":"Vera A. Korasidis, S. Wing","doi":"10.1029/2023pa004741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023pa004741","url":null,"abstract":"To better understand the effect of the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) on continental ecosystems, we studied 40 new palynological samples from the Bighorn Basin (BHB), northwestern Wyoming, USA. We see palm and fern abundances increase in the last 20–40 ka of the Paleocene, then dramatically with the onset of the carbon isotope excursion (CIE) defining the base of the PETM. Palynomorphs of plant groups with modern temperate climate distributions are absent from the CIE body, and this is when tropical plants are most diverse and abundant. During the CIE recovery, pollen of mesophytic/wetland plants become more common while tropical taxa persist. In the post‐CIE early Eocene tropical taxa are rare and temperate forms abundant, similar to the late but not latest Paleocene. Changes in the palynoflora are more easily detected if reworked palynomorphs are removed from analyses. We interpret palynofloral changes to indicate warming in the latest Paleocene, rapid warming and drying with the CIE onset, dry tropical climates through the CIE body, a return to wetter floodplains during a very warm CIE recovery, and cooler wet conditions in the post‐PETM early Eocene. These inferences are consistent with geochemical and paleobotanical proxies. Strikingly similar patterns in the palynoflora and megaflora suggest changes in vegetation were a basin‐wide phenomenon. These rapid, climatically forced changes in floral composition occurred without major extinction, perhaps indicating nearby refugia in which plants adapted to cooler and wetter climates persisted through the PETM.","PeriodicalId":54239,"journal":{"name":"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138609884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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