E. Pittari, S. Catarino, M. C. Andrade, J. Ricardo-da-Silva
Despite being natural phenomena of physical-chemical stabilization of young wines, tartrate precipitations in bottled wines are often understood as a quality fault. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is an inhibitor of tartaric salts crystallization, authorized as oenological additive, which application is currently limited to white and sparkling wines by OIV. The aim of this exploratory research was to study the effect of different CMC on a (tartaric) unstable red wine, in terms of tartrate stability, colouring matter stability, turbidity, comprehensive phenolic composition, and chromatic characteristics. All the CMC tested were able to inhibit potassium bitartrate crystallization in the red wine, promoting its tartaric stability. Slight increase in the colour intensity, coloured anthocyanins concentration, and turbidity of the wine were observed. No colouring matter precipitation was verified. The study seems to indicate that the CMC can be an efficient alternative to other tartaric stabilization treatments, also in red wines, opening new prospective and scenarios concerning the use of CMC in this type of wines.
{"title":"Preliminary results on tartaric stabilization of red wine by adding different carboxymethylcelluloses","authors":"E. Pittari, S. Catarino, M. C. Andrade, J. Ricardo-da-Silva","doi":"10.1051/CTV/20183301047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/CTV/20183301047","url":null,"abstract":"Despite being natural phenomena of physical-chemical stabilization of young wines, tartrate precipitations in bottled wines are often understood as a quality fault. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is an inhibitor of tartaric salts crystallization, authorized as oenological additive, which application is currently limited to white and sparkling wines by OIV. The aim of this exploratory research was to study the effect of different CMC on a (tartaric) unstable red wine, in terms of tartrate stability, colouring matter stability, turbidity, comprehensive phenolic composition, and chromatic characteristics. All the CMC tested were able to inhibit potassium bitartrate crystallization in the red wine, promoting its tartaric stability. Slight increase in the colour intensity, coloured anthocyanins concentration, and turbidity of the wine were observed. No colouring matter precipitation was verified. The study seems to indicate that the CMC can be an efficient alternative to other tartaric stabilization treatments, also in red wines, opening new prospective and scenarios concerning the use of CMC in this type of wines.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"69 1","pages":"47-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78030534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The alterations of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of sour grape juice were investigated during the concentration process stages. Phenolics and antioxidant properties of the samples changed more at the vacuum evaporation stage than that of the other stages. After evaporation, the antioxidant capacity of the samples decreased approximately between 14.2 and 17.0 % for DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively. Besides, phenolic contents also decreased approximately as 14.8%. HPLC data on phenolics of sour grape juice during concentrate processing gave 12 polyphenols, including gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, vanillic acid, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-epicatechin, caftaric acid, caffeic acid and p -coumaric acid, which were determined as 1.05-1.83 mg/100 g, 5.40-7.83 mg/100 g, 6.35-9.21 mg/100 g, 3.01-5.18 mg/100 g, 0- 1.95 mg/100 g, 2.33-3.54 mg/100 g, 12.40-37.60 mg/100 g, 1.44-2.26 mg/100 g and 0.27-0.44 mg/100 g, respectively. Ferulic, sinapic acids and quercetin were only detected at concentrate step of the sour grape juice processing and were found as 0.18 mg/100 g, 0.28 mg/100 g and 0.76 mg/100 g, respectively.
{"title":"Alterations on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity during sour grape juice concentrate processing","authors":"A. Guler, Ö. Tokuşoğlu, N. Artık","doi":"10.1051/CTV/20183302136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/CTV/20183302136","url":null,"abstract":"The alterations of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of sour grape juice were investigated during the concentration process stages. Phenolics and antioxidant properties of the samples changed more at the vacuum evaporation stage than that of the other stages. After evaporation, the antioxidant capacity of the samples decreased approximately between 14.2 and 17.0 % for DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively. Besides, phenolic contents also decreased approximately as 14.8%. HPLC data on phenolics of sour grape juice during concentrate processing gave 12 polyphenols, including gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, vanillic acid, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-epicatechin, caftaric acid, caffeic acid and p -coumaric acid, which were determined as 1.05-1.83 mg/100 g, 5.40-7.83 mg/100 g, 6.35-9.21 mg/100 g, 3.01-5.18 mg/100 g, 0- 1.95 mg/100 g, 2.33-3.54 mg/100 g, 12.40-37.60 mg/100 g, 1.44-2.26 mg/100 g and 0.27-0.44 mg/100 g, respectively. Ferulic, sinapic acids and quercetin were only detected at concentrate step of the sour grape juice processing and were found as 0.18 mg/100 g, 0.28 mg/100 g and 0.76 mg/100 g, respectively.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"16 1","pages":"136-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76915101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luísa C. Carvalho, J. Coito, Elsa Gonçalves, Carlos Lopes, S. Amâncio
Extensive agricultural losses are attributed to heat, often combined with drought. These abiotic stresses occur in the field simultaneously, namely in areas with Mediterranean climate, where grapevine traditionally grows. The available scenarios for climate change suggest an increase in the frequency of heat waves and severe drought events in summer, also affecting the South of Portugal. In this work we monitored several production-related parameters and evaluated the state of the oxidative stress response apparatus of two grapevine varieties, Touriga Nacional (TN) and Trincadeira (TR), with and without irrigation, during three field seasons (2010 to 2012). Overall, results point to a high correlation of most yield and stress-associated parameters with the specific characteristics of each variety and to each season rather than the irrigation treatments. In the season with the driest winter, 2012, the lack of irrigation significantly affected yield in TR, while in the two other seasons the impact of the irrigation regime was much lower. In 2012, the yield of TN was affected by environmental conditions of the previous season. The irrigation treatments significantly affected berry size rather than quality.
广泛的农业损失归因于高温，通常与干旱相结合。这些非生物胁迫同时发生在田间，即在葡萄传统生长的地中海气候地区。现有的气候变化情景表明，夏季热浪和严重干旱事件的频率会增加，也会影响到葡萄牙南部。在本研究中，我们监测了两个葡萄品种Touriga Nacional (TN)和Trincadeira (TR)的几个生产相关参数，并评估了两个葡萄品种在灌溉和不灌溉的情况下氧化应激反应装置的状态(2010 - 2012)。总体而言，结果表明，大多数产量和与胁迫相关的参数与每个品种和每个季节的具体特征高度相关，而不是灌溉处理。在2012年冬季最干旱的季节，缺乏灌溉对TR产量的影响显著，而在其他两个季节，灌溉制度的影响要小得多。2012年全氮产量受前一季环境条件的影响。灌水处理显著影响果实大小而非品质。
{"title":"Physiological and agronomical responses to environmental fluctuations of two Portuguese grapevine varieties during three field seasons","authors":"Luísa C. Carvalho, J. Coito, Elsa Gonçalves, Carlos Lopes, S. Amâncio","doi":"10.1051/CTV/20183301001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/CTV/20183301001","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive agricultural losses are attributed to heat, often combined with drought. These abiotic stresses occur in the field simultaneously, namely in areas with Mediterranean climate, where grapevine traditionally grows. The available scenarios for climate change suggest an increase in the frequency of heat waves and severe drought events in summer, also affecting the South of Portugal. In this work we monitored several production-related parameters and evaluated the state of the oxidative stress response apparatus of two grapevine varieties, Touriga Nacional (TN) and Trincadeira (TR), with and without irrigation, during three field seasons (2010 to 2012). Overall, results point to a high correlation of most yield and stress-associated parameters with the specific characteristics of each variety and to each season rather than the irrigation treatments. In the season with the driest winter, 2012, the lack of irrigation significantly affected yield in TR, while in the two other seasons the impact of the irrigation regime was much lower. In 2012, the yield of TN was affected by environmental conditions of the previous season. The irrigation treatments significantly affected berry size rather than quality.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81499562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lavrador da Silva, M. J. Fernão-Pires, F. Bianchi-de-Aguiar
This paper aims to showcase the value and uniqueness of Portuguese wines and wine regions. It has three independent but related parts. The first part focuses the millenary history of vines in Portugal and stresses their value for the regional and national economy. The second part focuses on the role of brands in the wine regions and wine marketing, highlighting the importance of the landscape in promotion. It is claimed that the use of landmarks can help create an identity image, useful for attracting tourism and wine advertising, being also a major asset for the Portuguese world trade of wines. Landmarks identification and promotional suggestions with landmarks related to Portuguese wine regions are presented. The third part presents a short revision of the panorama of wine tourism in Portugal and stresses the role of landscapes in its promotion. A literary route in the Douro Demarcated Region is presented by way of example.
{"title":"Portuguese vines and wines: heritage, quality symbol, tourism asset.","authors":"Lavrador da Silva, M. J. Fernão-Pires, F. Bianchi-de-Aguiar","doi":"10.1051/CTV/20183301031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/CTV/20183301031","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to showcase the value and uniqueness of Portuguese wines and wine regions. It has three independent but related parts. The first part focuses the millenary history of vines in Portugal and stresses their value for the regional and national economy. The second part focuses on the role of brands in the wine regions and wine marketing, highlighting the importance of the landscape in promotion. It is claimed that the use of landmarks can help create an identity image, useful for attracting tourism and wine advertising, being also a major asset for the Portuguese world trade of wines. Landmarks identification and promotional suggestions with landmarks related to Portuguese wine regions are presented. The third part presents a short revision of the panorama of wine tourism in Portugal and stresses the role of landscapes in its promotion. A literary route in the Douro Demarcated Region is presented by way of example.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"1 1","pages":"31-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90862122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. H. Z. Maia, S. A. Oliveira-Collet, C. A. Mangolin, M. F. Machado
During more than 50 years the vegetative propagation has been the form of maintaining and multiplication of the cv. ’Italy’ vineyards, a ’Bicane’ x ’Muscat Hamburg’ hybrid. In the current study, polymorphism in 17 microsatellite loci was used to evaluate the genetic stability at DNA level in vineyards of cv. ’Italy’ planted in different regions of the states of Parana and Sao Paulo, Brazil. Unchanged and equal allele frequency indicating genetic stability was reported in 47% of the microsatellite loci in vineyards of six localities, while allele frequency variation has been observed in Scu15vv, Udv44, Udv74, Udv96, Udv107, Udv108, Vvmd5, Vvmd6 and Vvs3 microsatellite loci. Alleles Udv96 140 and Vvs3 448 , detected in vines in only one of the vineyards, evidenced somatic mutations at molecular level in cv. ’Italy’. Genetic diversity, as result of changes in the allele frequencies in 53% of microsatellite loci, was detected more frequently than somatic mutations due to new alleles. Polymorphism in microsatellite loci revealed different genetic stability in vineyards of cv. ’Italy’ cultivated in six different Brazilian regions and indicated vineyards with less genetic stability as a possible source of somatic mutants, showing traits of agronomic interest with a potential to generate new cultivars.
{"title":"Differential genetic stability in vineyards of the cultivar ‘Italy’ (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivated in different regions of Southern and Southwestern Brazil","authors":"S. H. Z. Maia, S. A. Oliveira-Collet, C. A. Mangolin, M. F. Machado","doi":"10.1051/CTV/20183301066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/CTV/20183301066","url":null,"abstract":"During more than 50 years the vegetative propagation has been the form of maintaining and multiplication of the cv. ’Italy’ vineyards, a ’Bicane’ x ’Muscat Hamburg’ hybrid. In the current study, polymorphism in 17 microsatellite loci was used to evaluate the genetic stability at DNA level in vineyards of cv. ’Italy’ planted in different regions of the states of Parana and Sao Paulo, Brazil. Unchanged and equal allele frequency indicating genetic stability was reported in 47% of the microsatellite loci in vineyards of six localities, while allele frequency variation has been observed in Scu15vv, Udv44, Udv74, Udv96, Udv107, Udv108, Vvmd5, Vvmd6 and Vvs3 microsatellite loci. Alleles Udv96 140 and Vvs3 448 , detected in vines in only one of the vineyards, evidenced somatic mutations at molecular level in cv. ’Italy’. Genetic diversity, as result of changes in the allele frequencies in 53% of microsatellite loci, was detected more frequently than somatic mutations due to new alleles. Polymorphism in microsatellite loci revealed different genetic stability in vineyards of cv. ’Italy’ cultivated in six different Brazilian regions and indicated vineyards with less genetic stability as a possible source of somatic mutants, showing traits of agronomic interest with a potential to generate new cultivars.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"8 1","pages":"66-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91373313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Air temperature data from many locations worldwide are only available as series of daily minima and maxima temperatures. Historically, several different approaches have been used to estimate the actual daily mean temperature, as only in the last two or three decades automatic thermometers are able to compute its actual value. The most common approach is to estimate it by averaging the daily minima and maxima. When only daily minima and maxima are available, an alternative approach, proposed by Dall’Amico and Hornsteiner in 2006, uses the two daily extremes together with next day minima temperature and a coefficient related to the local daily astronomical sunset time. Additionally, the method uses two optimizable coefficients related to the region’s temperature profile. In order to use this approach it is necessary to optimize the region’s unknown parameters. For this optimization, it is necessary a dataset containing the maxima, minima, and the actual daily mean temperatures for at least one year. In this research, for the period 2007-2014, we used three datasets of minima, maxima and actual mean temperatures obtained at three automatic meteorological stations located in the Douro Valley to optimize the two unknown parameters in the Dall’Amico and Hornsteiner approach. Moreover, we compared the actual mean daily temperatures available from the three datasets with the correspondent values estimated by using i) the usual approach of averaging the daily maxima and minima temperatures and ii) the Dall’Amico and Hornsteiner approach. Results show that the former approach overestimates, on average, the daily mean temperatures by 0.5oC. The Dall’Amico and Hornsteiner approach showed to be a better approximation of mean temperatures for the three meteorological stations used in this research, being unbiased relative to the actual mean values of daily temperatures. In conclusion, this research confirms that the Dall’Amico and Hornsteiner is a better approach to estimate the mean daily temperatures and provides the optimized parameters for three sites located at each of the three sub-regions of the Douro Valley (Baixo Corgo, Cima Corgo and Douro Superior ).
{"title":"Estimation of daily mean temperatures: an accurate method for the Douro Valley","authors":"António C. Real, J. Borges, Carlos A. S. Oliveira","doi":"10.1051/CTV/20183302167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/CTV/20183302167","url":null,"abstract":"Air temperature data from many locations worldwide are only available as series of daily minima and maxima temperatures. Historically, several different approaches have been used to estimate the actual daily mean temperature, as only in the last two or three decades automatic thermometers are able to compute its actual value. The most common approach is to estimate it by averaging the daily minima and maxima. When only daily minima and maxima are available, an alternative approach, proposed by Dall’Amico and Hornsteiner in 2006, uses the two daily extremes together with next day minima temperature and a coefficient related to the local daily astronomical sunset time. Additionally, the method uses two optimizable coefficients related to the region’s temperature profile. In order to use this approach it is necessary to optimize the region’s unknown parameters. For this optimization, it is necessary a dataset containing the maxima, minima, and the actual daily mean temperatures for at least one year. In this research, for the period 2007-2014, we used three datasets of minima, maxima and actual mean temperatures obtained at three automatic meteorological stations located in the Douro Valley to optimize the two unknown parameters in the Dall’Amico and Hornsteiner approach. Moreover, we compared the actual mean daily temperatures available from the three datasets with the correspondent values estimated by using i) the usual approach of averaging the daily maxima and minima temperatures and ii) the Dall’Amico and Hornsteiner approach. Results show that the former approach overestimates, on average, the daily mean temperatures by 0.5oC. The Dall’Amico and Hornsteiner approach showed to be a better approximation of mean temperatures for the three meteorological stations used in this research, being unbiased relative to the actual mean values of daily temperatures. In conclusion, this research confirms that the Dall’Amico and Hornsteiner is a better approach to estimate the mean daily temperatures and provides the optimized parameters for three sites located at each of the three sub-regions of the Douro Valley (Baixo Corgo, Cima Corgo and Douro Superior ).","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"62 1","pages":"167-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74566994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to explore two local table grape cultivars, one is white and the other one red colored, as a minimally processed produce, and to identify the most effective sanitizers (hydrogen peroxide, citric acid or sodium hypochlorite) to control microbial growth. The table grape cultivars indigenous to Elazig province of Turkey ‘Agin Beyazi’ and ‘Agin Kirmizisi’ were tested in the present experiment. Grape clusters were washed by dipping in tap water as control, in citric acid (20 g/L), with sodium hypochlorite (50 mg/L), or with hydrogen peroxide (20 g/L), solutions for 1 minute. Grape berries were then placed into PET clamshells and kept at 4 °C for 10 days. The berries were subject to quality assessments during the storage, and to total aerobic microbial and fungal count at the end. Washing with hydrogen peroxide- or sodium hypochlorite-diluted water was very effective controlling both aerobic microbial and fungal growth. Citric acid treatment however represented no significant effect on microbial growth. It is concluded that both hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite are strong sanitizers for table grapes tested, with no detection of undesirable effects.
{"title":"Use of hydrogen peroxide, citric acid and sodium hypochlorite as sanitizer for minimally processed table grapes","authors":"M. Ergun, Ezgi Dogan","doi":"10.1051/CTV/20183301058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/CTV/20183301058","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to explore two local table grape cultivars, one is white and the other one red colored, as a minimally processed produce, and to identify the most effective sanitizers (hydrogen peroxide, citric acid or sodium hypochlorite) to control microbial growth. The table grape cultivars indigenous to Elazig province of Turkey ‘Agin Beyazi’ and ‘Agin Kirmizisi’ were tested in the present experiment. Grape clusters were washed by dipping in tap water as control, in citric acid (20 g/L), with sodium hypochlorite (50 mg/L), or with hydrogen peroxide (20 g/L), solutions for 1 minute. Grape berries were then placed into PET clamshells and kept at 4 °C for 10 days. The berries were subject to quality assessments during the storage, and to total aerobic microbial and fungal count at the end. Washing with hydrogen peroxide- or sodium hypochlorite-diluted water was very effective controlling both aerobic microbial and fungal growth. Citric acid treatment however represented no significant effect on microbial growth. It is concluded that both hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite are strong sanitizers for table grapes tested, with no detection of undesirable effects.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"68 1","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77143565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last years, there has been an increase in consumption of wine vinegars in Portugal. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the phenolic composition and total antioxidant capacity from several commercial red wine vinegars commercialized in Portuguese market. Several parameters were evaluated: general phenolic composition, chromatic characteristics, individual anthocyanins and phenolic acids by HPLC, and total antioxidant capacity by two methodologies (DPPH and ABTS). For the different parameters analyzed, the red wine vinegars samples studied differed significantly. Vinegars with higher phenolic content tend to have lower lightness, but higher values of the red component color. High diversity of anthocyanins was detected, with some of the vinegars being distinguished by having significantly higher values of anthocyanins compared to the others, as was detected for the generality of the other phenolic parameters. The total antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with the different phenolic parameters. Finally, higher total antioxidant capacity was detected for the phenolic fraction containing anthocyanins and polymeric proanthocyanidins. The results obtained confirm that red wine vinegars are good sources of phenolic compounds and antioxidants. However, there is a great diversity of values for the various red wine vinegars commercialized in the Portuguese market.
{"title":"Phenolic composition and total antioxidant capacity analysis of red wine vinegars commercialized in Portuguese market","authors":"M. Cruz, A. C. Correia, F. Gonçalves, A. Jordão","doi":"10.1051/CTV/20183302102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/CTV/20183302102","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years, there has been an increase in consumption of wine vinegars in Portugal. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the phenolic composition and total antioxidant capacity from several commercial red wine vinegars commercialized in Portuguese market. Several parameters were evaluated: general phenolic composition, chromatic characteristics, individual anthocyanins and phenolic acids by HPLC, and total antioxidant capacity by two methodologies (DPPH and ABTS). For the different parameters analyzed, the red wine vinegars samples studied differed significantly. Vinegars with higher phenolic content tend to have lower lightness, but higher values of the red component color. High diversity of anthocyanins was detected, with some of the vinegars being distinguished by having significantly higher values of anthocyanins compared to the others, as was detected for the generality of the other phenolic parameters. The total antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with the different phenolic parameters. Finally, higher total antioxidant capacity was detected for the phenolic fraction containing anthocyanins and polymeric proanthocyanidins. The results obtained confirm that red wine vinegars are good sources of phenolic compounds and antioxidants. However, there is a great diversity of values for the various red wine vinegars commercialized in the Portuguese market.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"17 1","pages":"102-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72755542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Ferreira, I. Castro, D. Carrasco, O. Pinto-Carnide, R. Arroyo-García
Genotyping studies are increasing the knowledge on grapevine biodiversity, particularly regarding grape berry skin color somatic variants, supporting the research on the color trait. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the berry color locus, and its surrounding genomic region, on the color variation of the Portuguese white-skinned cultivars ‘Fernao Pires’ and ‘Verdelho’ and its derived red-berried somatic variants cv. ‘Fernao Pires Rosado’ and cv. ‘Verdelho Roxo’, respectively.The analysis of Gret1 insertion within the VvMYBA1 gene revealed no polymorphism responsible for white-to-red shift of the red-skinned cv. ‘Fernao Pires Rosado’ and cv. ‘Verdelho Roxo’. Moreover, VvMYBA2 showed an important role regarding the phenotypic variation of cv. ‘Fernao Pires’, through the recovery of the functional allele G on cv. ‘Fernao Pires Rosado’. Regarding the data obtained for cv. ‘Verdelho’ and cv. ‘Verdelho Roxo’, both cultivars showed Gret1 insertion on VvMYBA1 and non-functional T allele on VvMYBA2 in homozygosity for both cell layers of shoot apical meristem, suggesting the occurrence of other mutational events responsible for the color gain.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of berry color locus on the portuguese cv. ‘Fernão Pires’ and cv. ‘Verdelho’ and their red-berried somatic variant cultivars","authors":"V. Ferreira, I. Castro, D. Carrasco, O. Pinto-Carnide, R. Arroyo-García","doi":"10.1051/CTV/20183302184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/CTV/20183302184","url":null,"abstract":"Genotyping studies are increasing the knowledge on grapevine biodiversity, particularly regarding grape berry skin color somatic variants, supporting the research on the color trait. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the berry color locus, and its surrounding genomic region, on the color variation of the Portuguese white-skinned cultivars ‘Fernao Pires’ and ‘Verdelho’ and its derived red-berried somatic variants cv. ‘Fernao Pires Rosado’ and cv. ‘Verdelho Roxo’, respectively.The analysis of Gret1 insertion within the VvMYBA1 gene revealed no polymorphism responsible for white-to-red shift of the red-skinned cv. ‘Fernao Pires Rosado’ and cv. ‘Verdelho Roxo’. Moreover, VvMYBA2 showed an important role regarding the phenotypic variation of cv. ‘Fernao Pires’, through the recovery of the functional allele G on cv. ‘Fernao Pires Rosado’. Regarding the data obtained for cv. ‘Verdelho’ and cv. ‘Verdelho Roxo’, both cultivars showed Gret1 insertion on VvMYBA1 and non-functional T allele on VvMYBA2 in homozygosity for both cell layers of shoot apical meristem, suggesting the occurrence of other mutational events responsible for the color gain.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"74 1","pages":"184-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85888429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to compare the leaf morphoanatomical characteristics of seven Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera white cultivars with different geographical origin, grown side by side at the same “terroir”. The leaf morphoanatomical traits analyzed under light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed large variability among genotypes. Significant differences between cultivars were observed in single leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf density and in the thickness of cuticle, upper and lower epidermal cells and mesophyll. Leaf dry mass per area presented a significant positive correlation with leaf density but showed no correlation with leaf thickness, results that can be explained by the quite different mesophyll structure, epidermal cells and cuticle thickness. ‘Alvarinho’, ‘Encruzado’, ‘Macabeu’ and ‘Viosinho’ were the cultivars with the highest thickness of cuticle and mesophyll tissues. Under SEM magnification three types of stomata were identified: sunken, at the same level and raised above, with the same level type presenting the higher percentage in all cultivars. Stomata density presented significant differences between cultivars, with ‘Macabeu’ showing the highest value and ‘Alvarinho’ and ‘Arinto’ the lowest ones. The hairs on the lower surface presented a similar woolly aspect in all cultivars. Calcium oxalate crystals, raphids and druses were visible and widely distributed in the parenchyma tissues. The observed differences in leaf traits among genotypes suggest a major role of leaf anatomy in determining grapevine capacity for coping with different environmental conditions.
{"title":"Leaf morphoanatomy traits in white grapevine cultivars with distinct geographical origin","authors":"G. Teixeira, A. Monteiro, C. Santos, C. Lopes","doi":"10.1051/CTV/20183301090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/CTV/20183301090","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to compare the leaf morphoanatomical characteristics of seven Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera white cultivars with different geographical origin, grown side by side at the same “terroir”. The leaf morphoanatomical traits analyzed under light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed large variability among genotypes. Significant differences between cultivars were observed in single leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf density and in the thickness of cuticle, upper and lower epidermal cells and mesophyll. Leaf dry mass per area presented a significant positive correlation with leaf density but showed no correlation with leaf thickness, results that can be explained by the quite different mesophyll structure, epidermal cells and cuticle thickness. ‘Alvarinho’, ‘Encruzado’, ‘Macabeu’ and ‘Viosinho’ were the cultivars with the highest thickness of cuticle and mesophyll tissues. Under SEM magnification three types of stomata were identified: sunken, at the same level and raised above, with the same level type presenting the higher percentage in all cultivars. Stomata density presented significant differences between cultivars, with ‘Macabeu’ showing the highest value and ‘Alvarinho’ and ‘Arinto’ the lowest ones. The hairs on the lower surface presented a similar woolly aspect in all cultivars. Calcium oxalate crystals, raphids and druses were visible and widely distributed in the parenchyma tissues. The observed differences in leaf traits among genotypes suggest a major role of leaf anatomy in determining grapevine capacity for coping with different environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"103 1","pages":"90-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88955065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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