Joaquim M. Costa, Margarida Oliveira, Ricardo Egipto, João F. Cid, R. Fragoso, C. Lopes, E. Duarte
Assessing sustainability of the wine industry requires improved characterization of its environmental impacts, namely in terms of water use. Therefore, quantification of water inputs and wastewater (WW) outputs is needed to highlight inefficiencies in wine production and related consequences for the environment. Water use and WW generation in irrigated viticulture and oenology remains insufficiently quantified for dry Mediterranean regions (e.g. South Portugal). This paper is focused on wine production under warm and dry climate conditions in the winegrowing region of Alentejo (South Portugal). This region experiences increasingly dry conditions, while the irrigated area keeps expanding, which puts exacerbates the pressure on existing local and regional water resources. Additionally, more erratic variation in climate conditions and the tendency for increasingly extreme climate events (e.g. heat waves) pose more challenges to Alentejo’s wine sector. We conclude that quantitative information on water use and management is not always easy to obtain or access, which hinders improved strategies and/or policies for water use at farm, winery and region-level. Up-to-date statistics and robust metrics can help to better characterize water use and WW flows for Alentejo’s wine region, while optimizing management in vineyards and wineries, in companies and region-wide. The paper is focused on a “Farm-Winery” scenario, which is the most common in South Portugal’s wine sector
{"title":"Water and wastewater management for sustainable viticulture and oenology in South Portugal – a review","authors":"Joaquim M. Costa, Margarida Oliveira, Ricardo Egipto, João F. Cid, R. Fragoso, C. Lopes, E. Duarte","doi":"10.1051/ctv/20203501001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ctv/20203501001","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing sustainability of the wine industry requires improved characterization of its environmental impacts, namely in terms of water use. Therefore, quantification of water inputs and wastewater (WW) outputs is needed to highlight inefficiencies in wine production and related consequences for the environment. Water use and WW generation in irrigated viticulture and oenology remains insufficiently quantified for dry Mediterranean regions (e.g. South Portugal). This paper is focused on wine production under warm and dry climate conditions in the winegrowing region of Alentejo (South Portugal). This region experiences increasingly dry conditions, while the irrigated area keeps expanding, which puts exacerbates the pressure on existing local and regional water resources. Additionally, more erratic variation in climate conditions and the tendency for increasingly extreme climate events (e.g. heat waves) pose more challenges to Alentejo’s wine sector. We conclude that quantitative information on water use and management is not always easy to obtain or access, which hinders improved strategies and/or policies for water use at farm, winery and region-level. Up-to-date statistics and robust metrics can help to better characterize water use and WW flows for Alentejo’s wine region, while optimizing management in vineyards and wineries, in companies and region-wide. The paper is focused on a “Farm-Winery” scenario, which is the most common in South Portugal’s wine sector","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/ctv/20203501001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57872601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The impact of climate on wine production (WP) temporal cycles in Douro (DR) and Vinhos Verdes (VVR) wine regions for a period of about 80 years, characterized by strong technological trend and climate variability, was modelled. The cyclical properties of WP, and which cycles are determined by spring temperature (ST) and soil water during summer (SW), were identified. It was achieved by applying a time-frequency approach, which is based on Kalman filter in the time domain. The time-varying autoregressive model can explain more than 67% (DR) and 95% (VVR) of the WP’ variability and the integration of the ST and mainly SW increase the models’ reliability. The results were then transferred into the frequency domain, and can show that WP in both regions is characterized by two cycles close to 5-6 and 2.5 years around the long run trend. The ST and SW showed great capacity to explain the cyclicality of WP in the studied regions being the coherence temporarily much more stable in VVR than in the DR, where a shift of the relative importance away from ST to SW can be recognized. This could be an indicator of lower impact of the foreseen hot and dry climate scenarios on WP in the regions with a maritime climate, such as the VVR, compared with hot and dry wine regions. Despite the marked differences in the two studied regions on ecological, viticulture practices and technological trend, the modelling approach based on time-frequency proved to be an efficient tool to infer the impact of climate on the dynamics of cyclical properties of regional WP, foreseeing its generalized use in other regions. This modelling approach can be an important tool for planning in the wine industry as well as for mitigation strategies facing the scenarios that combine technological progress and climate change.
{"title":"Climate-induced cyclical properties of regional wine production using a time-frequency approach in Douro and Minho Wine Regions","authors":"M. Cunha, C. Richter","doi":"10.1051/ctv/20203501016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ctv/20203501016","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of climate on wine production (WP) temporal cycles in Douro (DR) and Vinhos Verdes (VVR) wine regions for a period of about 80 years, characterized by strong technological trend and climate variability, was modelled. The cyclical properties of WP, and which cycles are determined by spring temperature (ST) and soil water during summer (SW), were identified. It was achieved by applying a time-frequency approach, which is based on Kalman filter in the time domain. The time-varying autoregressive model can explain more than 67% (DR) and 95% (VVR) of the WP’ variability and the integration of the ST and mainly SW increase the models’ reliability. The results were then transferred into the frequency domain, and can show that WP in both regions is characterized by two cycles close to 5-6 and 2.5 years around the long run trend. The ST and SW showed great capacity to explain the cyclicality of WP in the studied regions being the coherence temporarily much more stable in VVR than in the DR, where a shift of the relative importance away from ST to SW can be recognized. This could be an indicator of lower impact of the foreseen hot and dry climate scenarios on WP in the regions with a maritime climate, such as the VVR, compared with hot and dry wine regions. Despite the marked differences in the two studied regions on ecological, viticulture practices and technological trend, the modelling approach based on time-frequency proved to be an efficient tool to infer the impact of climate on the dynamics of cyclical properties of regional WP, foreseeing its generalized use in other regions. This modelling approach can be an important tool for planning in the wine industry as well as for mitigation strategies facing the scenarios that combine technological progress and climate change.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/ctv/20203501016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57872613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research insights arising from the sciences of Viticulture, Enology and Vitivinicultural Economy are crucial for responding to an everincreasing set of challenges - such as climate change, environmental issues and a global and more competitive market - faced by the players in the vitivinicultural sector. In this context, the scientific journals play a key role in spreading the knowledge acquired worldwide and contributing to the generation of new ideas and new research lines. The Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola is one of the oldest and few scientific journals specifically devoted to these three branches of science. In 2020, twelve articles from several international research teams were published, covering a wide range of current topics, including: sustainability of viticulture and winemaking; modelling of climate impact on wine production; control of pests and diseases; management and adaptability of grapevine varieties; quality and differentiation of wine based on minority grapevine varieties, native yeasts from grapevine and winemaking technologies; wine authenticity and traceability; botrytized wines; human resource management in small wine companies.
葡萄栽培、酿酒学和葡萄栽培经济科学的研究见解对于应对葡萄栽培行业参与者面临的不断增加的挑战至关重要，这些挑战包括气候变化、环境问题以及全球和更具竞争力的市场。在这种情况下，科学期刊在传播世界范围内获得的知识和促进新思想和新研究方向的产生方面发挥着关键作用。《Ciência e tsamicnica Vitivinícola》是专门针对这三个科学分支的最古老、为数不多的科学期刊之一。2020年，来自多个国际研究团队的12篇文章发表，涵盖了广泛的当前主题，包括:葡萄种植和葡萄酒酿造的可持续性;气候对葡萄酒生产影响的模拟;病虫害控制;葡萄品种管理与适应性研究基于少数葡萄品种、葡萄原生酵母和酿酒技术的葡萄酒品质与差异化研究葡萄酒的真实性和可追溯性;botrytized葡萄酒;小型葡萄酒公司的人力资源管理。
{"title":"Advances in Viticulture, Enology and Vitivinicultural Economy: Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 2020","authors":"S. Canas, J. Cunha, J. Eiras-Dias","doi":"10.1051/ctv/20203502176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ctv/20203502176","url":null,"abstract":"Research insights arising from the sciences of Viticulture, Enology and Vitivinicultural Economy are crucial for responding to an everincreasing set of challenges - such as climate change, environmental issues and a global and more competitive market - faced by the players in the vitivinicultural sector. In this context, the scientific journals play a key role in spreading the knowledge acquired worldwide and contributing to the generation of new ideas and new research lines. The Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola is one of the oldest and few scientific journals specifically devoted to these three branches of science. In 2020, twelve articles from several international research teams were published, covering a wide range of current topics, including: sustainability of viticulture and winemaking; modelling of climate impact on wine production; control of pests and diseases; management and adaptability of grapevine varieties; quality and differentiation of wine based on minority grapevine varieties, native yeasts from grapevine and winemaking technologies; wine authenticity and traceability; botrytized wines; human resource management in small wine companies.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57872944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this work is to identify and discuss physicochemical wine characteristics, to provide to some extent a link to the vintage, variety, and/or geographical origin. Bibliographic datasets were attempted to provide the main information for topic comprehension, identifying the sources of wine compositional variability and how these can be expressed in terms of the belonging categories. Since all the environmental and technological conditions which vineyard and wine are subjected are rarely known, different sources were inspected. Great importance was given to the study of isotopic composition because of its importance in food frauds detection history. The interaction of the plant genotype with the environmental conditions of the vintage is the main responsible for the wines organic and inorganic fraction variability in terms of both total and relative content. This phenotypical expression, together with human and abiotic variability sources, has been examined since it contains to some extent the information for the discrimination of wines according to their category. Recently, new proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy techniques have been under study and, used concurrently to chemometric data management procedures, showed to be an interesting and promising tool for wine characterization according to both vintage and variety.
{"title":"Wine traceability and authenticity: approaches for geographical origin, variety and vintage assessment","authors":"A. Zava, P. Sebastião, S. Catarino","doi":"10.1051/ctv/20203502133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ctv/20203502133","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to identify and discuss physicochemical wine characteristics, to provide to some extent a link to the vintage, variety, and/or geographical origin. Bibliographic datasets were attempted to provide the main information for topic comprehension, identifying the sources of wine compositional variability and how these can be expressed in terms of the belonging categories. Since all the environmental and technological conditions which vineyard and wine are subjected are rarely known, different sources were inspected. Great importance was given to the study of isotopic composition because of its importance in food frauds detection history. The interaction of the plant genotype with the environmental conditions of the vintage is the main responsible for the wines organic and inorganic fraction variability in terms of both total and relative content. This phenotypical expression, together with human and abiotic variability sources, has been examined since it contains to some extent the information for the discrimination of wines according to their category. Recently, new proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy techniques have been under study and, used concurrently to chemometric data management procedures, showed to be an interesting and promising tool for wine characterization according to both vintage and variety.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/ctv/20203502133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57872823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.1051/ctv/201934010102
F. Gonçalves, C. Carlos, A. Crespí, C. Villemant, V. Trivellone, M. Goula, R. Canovai, Vera Zina, L. Crespo, L. Pinheiro, A. Lucchi, B. Bagnoli, I. Oliveira, Rui Pinto, L. Torres
Aiming to reduce the losses of biodiversity and the degradation of associated ecosystem services, the United Nations established the 2011-2020 period as the UN Decade on Biodiversity. During this period, the countries involved compromised on implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, including the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The argument is that biological diversity underpins the functioning of ecosystems and the provision of services essential to human well-being, further contributing to economic development and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. The purpose of this review is to present results of research and academic works carried out over several years in the Douro Demarcated Region in the field of functional agrobiodiversity, understood as the part of ecosystem biodiversity that provides ecosystem services, which support sustainable agricultural production and can also bring benefits to the regional and global environment and to society as a whole. Such studies specifically aimed to contribute knowledge about the diversity of arthropods in the vineyard ecosystem and about practices that can increase their abundance, diversity and services provided. In this context, a general characterization of the arthropod community identified in the vineyard ecosystem is conducted, complemented by information on the role played, by the taxonomic groups identified. The importance of increasing arthropod populations, the vegetation of vineyard slopes, and the existence of shrubs, forests and hedgerows next to the vineyards is discussed. The fundamental role of soil management practices is also referred, namely that of ground cover and the application of compost from winery wastes in the abundance and diversity of these organisms populations. Finally, bearing in mind the importance of the use of this information by vine growers, the measures taken for its dissemination are also presented.
{"title":"The functional agrobiodiversity in the Douro demarcated region viticulture: utopia or reality? Arthropods as a case-study – A review","authors":"F. Gonçalves, C. Carlos, A. Crespí, C. Villemant, V. Trivellone, M. Goula, R. Canovai, Vera Zina, L. Crespo, L. Pinheiro, A. Lucchi, B. Bagnoli, I. Oliveira, Rui Pinto, L. Torres","doi":"10.1051/ctv/201934010102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ctv/201934010102","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming to reduce the losses of biodiversity and the degradation of associated ecosystem services, the United Nations established the 2011-2020 period as the UN Decade on Biodiversity. During this period, the countries involved compromised on implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, including the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The argument is that biological diversity underpins the functioning of ecosystems and the provision of services essential to human well-being, further contributing to economic development and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. The purpose of this review is to present results of research and academic works carried out over several years in the Douro Demarcated Region in the field of functional agrobiodiversity, understood as the part of ecosystem biodiversity that provides ecosystem services, which support sustainable agricultural production and can also bring benefits to the regional and global environment and to society as a whole. Such studies specifically aimed to contribute knowledge about the diversity of arthropods in the vineyard ecosystem and about practices that can increase their abundance, diversity and services provided. In this context, a general characterization of the arthropod community identified in the vineyard ecosystem is conducted, complemented by information on the role played, by the taxonomic groups identified. The importance of increasing arthropod populations, the vegetation of vineyard slopes, and the existence of shrubs, forests and hedgerows next to the vineyards is discussed. The fundamental role of soil management practices is also referred, namely that of ground cover and the application of compost from winery wastes in the abundance and diversity of these organisms populations. Finally, bearing in mind the importance of the use of this information by vine growers, the measures taken for its dissemination are also presented.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/ctv/201934010102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57872865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite relatively intensive work on the development of inflorescence primordia during grapevine growth in season one, some informational gaps are present in the flower and floral organ development in the season two. In addition, concurrents events of phenology and formation of flowers and floral parts has not been dealt with. With the aid of digital imaging, this research had three objectives; a) describe the developmental events that take place during and after bud break in the buds and in the individual flowers in terms of differentiation, b) match these events with phenological stages, and c) determine size-related growth of the floral organs. After careful dissecting and examination of the samples under microscopy, taken ever 5-10 days between March 20 and May 10 in 2016, the results indicated that highly esteemed works regarding the reproductive anatomy of grapevines needed some additional stages to fully describe events in the stamen and pistil primordia after the appearance of petal primordia. Five intermediate stages were added to the stages of “formation of flowers”. Differentiation of inflorescence and individual flowers occurred in the second season as the buds swelled in the spring. Stamens and pistil could be seen about 3 weeks later and completed their initial growth in another 3 weeks. Flower primordia was visible on April 1 and showed a more than 9-fold increase over the course of 5 to 6 weeks. flowers increased their width and their length more than 9- and 15-fold, respectively, between stage 8.1 (April 1) and 10.3 (May 10). At first, they were wider than they were longer, but at later stages they grew longitudinally. Reproductive organ primordia were visualized around the time of 2-4 leaves separated on the shoots. Signs of generative parts become apparent in late April. Anthers were the smallest in the flower. Filaments, on the other hand, elongated almost 7-fold in a period of 20 days. Gynoecium growth was the most impressive and total pistil length increased from 52.8 to 162 μm, ovary width from 40.4 to 99.8 μm, and stigma diameter from 9.96 to 44.9 μm in twenty days. By the time the pistil took its final shape, 6-8 leaves grew on the shoot during which inflorescence could also be seen.
{"title":"Determination of floral development stages in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (Vitis vinifera L. cv.): highlighting the manifestation of stamens and pistil primordia with new intermediate stages linking the phenological stages","authors":"Z. Gökbayrak, H. Engin","doi":"10.1051/ctv/20193402084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ctv/20193402084","url":null,"abstract":"Despite relatively intensive work on the development of inflorescence primordia during grapevine growth in season one, some informational gaps are present in the flower and floral organ development in the season two. In addition, concurrents events of phenology and formation of flowers and floral parts has not been dealt with. With the aid of digital imaging, this research had three objectives; a) describe the developmental events that take place during and after bud break in the buds and in the individual flowers in terms of differentiation, b) match these events with phenological stages, and c) determine size-related growth of the floral organs. After careful dissecting and examination of the samples under microscopy, taken ever 5-10 days between March 20 and May 10 in 2016, the results indicated that highly esteemed works regarding the reproductive anatomy of grapevines needed some additional stages to fully describe events in the stamen and pistil primordia after the appearance of petal primordia. Five intermediate stages were added to the stages of “formation of flowers”. Differentiation of inflorescence and individual flowers occurred in the second season as the buds swelled in the spring. Stamens and pistil could be seen about 3 weeks later and completed their initial growth in another 3 weeks. Flower primordia was visible on April 1 and showed a more than 9-fold increase over the course of 5 to 6 weeks. flowers increased their width and their length more than 9- and 15-fold, respectively, between stage 8.1 (April 1) and 10.3 (May 10). At first, they were wider than they were longer, but at later stages they grew longitudinally. Reproductive organ primordia were visualized around the time of 2-4 leaves separated on the shoots. Signs of generative parts become apparent in late April. Anthers were the smallest in the flower. Filaments, on the other hand, elongated almost 7-fold in a period of 20 days. Gynoecium growth was the most impressive and total pistil length increased from 52.8 to 162 μm, ovary width from 40.4 to 99.8 μm, and stigma diameter from 9.96 to 44.9 μm in twenty days. By the time the pistil took its final shape, 6-8 leaves grew on the shoot during which inflorescence could also be seen.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/ctv/20193402084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57872550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Cisilotto, S. B. Rossato, E. Ficagna, L. C. Wetzstein, A. Gava, G. M. Gugel, A. Delamare, S. Echeverrigaray
Ion exchange resins are polymers with high physical and chemical stability, which, upon activation, acquire positive charge (H+) ions which interchange with existing cations during musts or wines treatment. The chemical composition of the grape must, and wines are highly affected by said modifications. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the cationic resin treatments on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of base white wines for sparkling wine production. Thus for, Chardonnay must was exposed to a cation exchange resin specific for oenological usage, and fermented to obtain wines. Resulting wines included an untreated control sample with pH 3.15 and treated samples with pH 3.08, 3.02 and 2.97. Physicochemical and volatile compounds analyses as well as quantitative sensory evaluations were conducted. The results showed that, on the scenarios tested, treatments with cationic resins before fermentation resulted in wine with higher oxidative stability, with significative variation on the concentration of several volatile compounds that influenced organoleptic perceptions.
{"title":"The effect of cation exchange resin treatment of grape must on the chemical and sensory characteristics of base wines for sparkling wine","authors":"B. Cisilotto, S. B. Rossato, E. Ficagna, L. C. Wetzstein, A. Gava, G. M. Gugel, A. Delamare, S. Echeverrigaray","doi":"10.1051/ctv/20193402091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ctv/20193402091","url":null,"abstract":"Ion exchange resins are polymers with high physical and chemical stability, which, upon activation, acquire positive charge (H+) ions which interchange with existing cations during musts or wines treatment. The chemical composition of the grape must, and wines are highly affected by said modifications. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the cationic resin treatments on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of base white wines for sparkling wine production. Thus for, Chardonnay must was exposed to a cation exchange resin specific for oenological usage, and fermented to obtain wines. Resulting wines included an untreated control sample with pH 3.15 and treated samples with pH 3.08, 3.02 and 2.97. Physicochemical and volatile compounds analyses as well as quantitative sensory evaluations were conducted. The results showed that, on the scenarios tested, treatments with cationic resins before fermentation resulted in wine with higher oxidative stability, with significative variation on the concentration of several volatile compounds that influenced organoleptic perceptions.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/ctv/20193402091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57872564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. .. Mirás-Avalos, I. Buesa, A. Yeves, D. Pérez, D. Risco, J. Castel, D. Intrigliolo
Small berries are considered to produce the best red wines as berry size determines the skin to pulp ratio and may affect wine composition. However, contrasting results have been reported about this postulate. In this context, the aim of this work was to assess the influence of berry size on grape compositional attributes in ‘Tempranillo’ grapevines under different irrigation, crop load and defoliation regimes. Grapes were collected from different experiments performed during three years in a ‘Tempranillo’ vineyard (Valencia, Spain). Grape size distribution was assessed and several traits were measured for each size category: number of seeds, seed and skin weight, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, total phenolic index and anthocyanin concentration. Berry size exerted a significant effect on grape composition; smaller berries having higher sugars and anthocyanins concentrations. However, irrigation, crop load and defoliation also affected these compositional traits, producing greater berries with similar traits than those smaller, but coming from rain-fed and not defoliated treatments. Depending on the field practices applied, grape compositional attributes can be modulated for a given berry size. Therefore, wineries can use berry size classification for selecting those from a given size for making different wine styles.
{"title":"Unravelling the effects of berry size on ‘Tempranillo’ grapes under different field practices","authors":"J. .. Mirás-Avalos, I. Buesa, A. Yeves, D. Pérez, D. Risco, J. Castel, D. Intrigliolo","doi":"10.1051/CTV/20193401001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/CTV/20193401001","url":null,"abstract":"Small berries are considered to produce the best red wines as berry size determines the skin to pulp ratio and may affect wine composition. However, contrasting results have been reported about this postulate. In this context, the aim of this work was to assess the influence of berry size on grape compositional attributes in ‘Tempranillo’ grapevines under different irrigation, crop load and defoliation regimes. Grapes were collected from different experiments performed during three years in a ‘Tempranillo’ vineyard (Valencia, Spain). Grape size distribution was assessed and several traits were measured for each size category: number of seeds, seed and skin weight, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, total phenolic index and anthocyanin concentration. Berry size exerted a significant effect on grape composition; smaller berries having higher sugars and anthocyanins concentrations. However, irrigation, crop load and defoliation also affected these compositional traits, producing greater berries with similar traits than those smaller, but coming from rain-fed and not defoliated treatments. Depending on the field practices applied, grape compositional attributes can be modulated for a given berry size. Therefore, wineries can use berry size classification for selecting those from a given size for making different wine styles.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/CTV/20193401001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57872800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
António Barreira, M. Arrobas, C. Cardoso, M. Rodrigues
Weeds reduce crop yields and require annual measures of control, although they can provide important ecological benefits. In this work, the efficacy was tested of an ecological fertilizer with herbicidal properties (Bioscrop Herbitec®) which in high concentrations (10-15%) can have a similar effect to a contact herbicide. The composition of the product is 6.0 % of water-soluble potassium oxide, 54.7 % of organic acids and 39.3 % of dispersants and diluents. The product was tested in six field trials during two years, which included two vineyards and two olive orchards and winter and spring vegetation. In each experiment three treatments were imposed, being the product applied at the concentrations of 10% and 15% and a non-treated control. In treated plots, the entire ground surface (rows and inter-rows) was sprayed. The evaluation of the effect of the treatments on vegetation was assessed by the pin point and grid methods which consisted of determining the percentage of damaged and not damaged vegetation and bare soil. The production of dry biomass of weeds was also evaluated as a measure of the persistence of the damage on vegetation. The floristic composition of the stands was also recorded to evaluate the specific susceptibility of the weeds to the different treatments. The results showed that the product severely damaged the vegetation, and the effect persisted for more than a month. The application of the product caused a severe reduction in the aboveground biomass while keeping the soil protected, showing a useful compromise between the reduction in weed competition and the maintenance of ground cover. Some species were severely damaged while others seemed to have benefited in relative terms, suggesting that the effectiveness of the product will be dependent on the weed species present.
{"title":"Management of winter and summer weeds in vineyards and olive groves with an ecological fertilizer with herbicidal properties","authors":"António Barreira, M. Arrobas, C. Cardoso, M. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1051/CTV/20193401036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/CTV/20193401036","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds reduce crop yields and require annual measures of control, although they can provide important ecological benefits. In this work, the efficacy was tested of an ecological fertilizer with herbicidal properties (Bioscrop Herbitec®) which in high concentrations (10-15%) can have a similar effect to a contact herbicide. The composition of the product is 6.0 % of water-soluble potassium oxide, 54.7 % of organic acids and 39.3 % of dispersants and diluents. The product was tested in six field trials during two years, which included two vineyards and two olive orchards and winter and spring vegetation. In each experiment three treatments were imposed, being the product applied at the concentrations of 10% and 15% and a non-treated control. In treated plots, the entire ground surface (rows and inter-rows) was sprayed. The evaluation of the effect of the treatments on vegetation was assessed by the pin point and grid methods which consisted of determining the percentage of damaged and not damaged vegetation and bare soil. The production of dry biomass of weeds was also evaluated as a measure of the persistence of the damage on vegetation. The floristic composition of the stands was also recorded to evaluate the specific susceptibility of the weeds to the different treatments. The results showed that the product severely damaged the vegetation, and the effect persisted for more than a month. The application of the product caused a severe reduction in the aboveground biomass while keeping the soil protected, showing a useful compromise between the reduction in weed competition and the maintenance of ground cover. Some species were severely damaged while others seemed to have benefited in relative terms, suggesting that the effectiveness of the product will be dependent on the weed species present.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/CTV/20193401036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57872921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. García-Cortijo, Emiliano C. Villanueva, J. Castillo-Valero, Yuanbo Li
This article determines the factors that influence Chinese wine consumption and, thus, contribute to define an average Chinese wine consumer profile for the years 2000 to 2014. The article proposes a model that explains the variations in the consumption of wine in China, because of traditional factors of the theory of demand (price of wine, income, and price of a substitute good), and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, level of education, geographical area, and tourism activities). The article reveals that an increased income, a married marital status, living in an urban area, and tourism activities, significantly and positively contributed to the increase of wine consumption in China. In addition, the article demonstrates that wine is not a substitute of beer in China, and that it is hard to associate an increase of wine consumption with the gender and the educational level of the average Chinese. In contrast, age negatively and significantly influenced the wine consumption in China, meaning that wine consumers are becoming younger.
{"title":"Wine consumption in China: profiling the 21st century Chinese wine consumer","authors":"M. García-Cortijo, Emiliano C. Villanueva, J. Castillo-Valero, Yuanbo Li","doi":"10.1051/ctv/20193402071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ctv/20193402071","url":null,"abstract":"This article determines the factors that influence Chinese wine consumption and, thus, contribute to define an average Chinese wine consumer profile for the years 2000 to 2014. The article proposes a model that explains the variations in the consumption of wine in China, because of traditional factors of the theory of demand (price of wine, income, and price of a substitute good), and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, level of education, geographical area, and tourism activities). The article reveals that an increased income, a married marital status, living in an urban area, and tourism activities, significantly and positively contributed to the increase of wine consumption in China. In addition, the article demonstrates that wine is not a substitute of beer in China, and that it is hard to associate an increase of wine consumption with the gender and the educational level of the average Chinese. In contrast, age negatively and significantly influenced the wine consumption in China, meaning that wine consumers are becoming younger.","PeriodicalId":54244,"journal":{"name":"Ciencia E Tecnica Vitivinicola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/ctv/20193402071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57873027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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