Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03186
Thanaphon Suwannaphong, Volker C. Radeloff, Wanida Limmun, Naparat Suttidate
Habitat loss and fragmentation in tropical regions are major threats to the persistence of endangered Malay tapir (Tapirus indicus). The Malay tapir distribution is largely constrained to fragmented habitats inside protected areas. However, it is unclear how the spatial patterns of habitat fragmentation affect its relative abundance. Here, we investigated the effects of habitat fragmentation on Malay tapir relative abundance in Thailand. We first quantified the spatial patterns of habitat fragmentation within nine of Thailand’s protected areas. Second, we assessed the relationship of fragmentation metrics and relative abundance of Malay tapirs. Third, we identified the relative importance of the fragmentation metrics in explaining relative abundance. We found that tapir abundance remained unexpectedly high in the Southern forest complex despite the fact that tapir habitats were significantly more fragmented there than in the protected area in the western forest complex (p < 0.05). Additionally, we found a significantly negative relation with clumpiness index (R2 = 0.51, p < 0.05). This suggests that other factors may also be influencing their populations, so that the Southern protected areas provide preferred habitat with higher relative proportions of moist evergreen forest, large habitat patch size, precipitation, and elevation. It highlights the importance of interconnected habitat for tapirs, and the benefit of conservation efforts in small, less recognized protected areas.
{"title":"The effect of habitat fragmentation on Malay tapir abundances in Thailand’s protected areas","authors":"Thanaphon Suwannaphong, Volker C. Radeloff, Wanida Limmun, Naparat Suttidate","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03186","url":null,"abstract":"Habitat loss and fragmentation in tropical regions are major threats to the persistence of endangered Malay tapir (<ce:italic>Tapirus indicus</ce:italic>). The Malay tapir distribution is largely constrained to fragmented habitats inside protected areas. However, it is unclear how the spatial patterns of habitat fragmentation affect its relative abundance. Here, we investigated the effects of habitat fragmentation on Malay tapir relative abundance in Thailand. We first quantified the spatial patterns of habitat fragmentation within nine of Thailand’s protected areas. Second, we assessed the relationship of fragmentation metrics and relative abundance of Malay tapirs. Third, we identified the relative importance of the fragmentation metrics in explaining relative abundance. We found that tapir abundance remained unexpectedly high in the Southern forest complex despite the fact that tapir habitats were significantly more fragmented there than in the protected area in the western forest complex (<ce:italic>p</ce:italic> < 0.05). Additionally, we found a significantly negative relation with clumpiness index (<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>2</ce:italic></ce:sup> = 0.51, <ce:italic>p <</ce:italic> 0.05). This suggests that other factors may also be influencing their populations, so that the Southern protected areas provide preferred habitat with higher relative proportions of moist evergreen forest, large habitat patch size, precipitation, and elevation. It highlights the importance of interconnected habitat for tapirs, and the benefit of conservation efforts in small, less recognized protected areas.","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03184
Camille Alipio, Megan R. McCullah-Boozer, Caroline L. Gaete, Lucas K. Hall
Urbanization has led to the rapid formation of novel biotic communities, which via interspecific interactions, may affect niche partitioning dynamics of native, sensitive species. The endangered San Joaquin kit fox (; hereafter ‘kit fox’) is a small mesocarnivore inhabiting urban areas of the southern Central Valley of California alongside other urban mesocarnivores. These other species may pose challenges for kit foxes due to a potential lack of evolved mechanisms of defense or avoidance. To address this notion, we evaluated evidence of temporal and spatial partitioning between the kit fox and its potential predators and competitors in an urban environment. We predicted that spatial and temporal overlap would be lower between kit foxes and their predators than with their competitors. We used camera traps with scent lures at high school and college campuses across the southern San Joaquin Valley to monitor the visitation patterns of urban mesocarnivores from 2020 to 2022. We used generalized linear mixed models and AIC model selection to evaluate spatial relationships between kit foxes and other mesocarnivores and we used temporal overlap coefficients and peak activity analysis to evaluate temporal overlap. Kit foxes exhibited low spatial overlap (negative association) with Virginia opossums (D) and high spatial overlap (positive association) with domestic cats (), domestic dogs (), northern raccoons (), and striped skunks (). Kit foxes exhibited low to moderate levels of temporal overlap with other species, the least of which occurring with potential predators (i.e., coyotes (), domestic dogs). Our findings support the temporal partitioning and partially support the spatial partitioning hypothesis as potential mechanisms to promote coexistence among mesocarnivores in an urban environment.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal partitioning between the endangered San Joaquin kit fox and a novel mesocarnivore community in the urban environment as revealed by camera traps","authors":"Camille Alipio, Megan R. McCullah-Boozer, Caroline L. Gaete, Lucas K. Hall","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03184","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization has led to the rapid formation of novel biotic communities, which via interspecific interactions, may affect niche partitioning dynamics of native, sensitive species. The endangered San Joaquin kit fox (; hereafter ‘kit fox’) is a small mesocarnivore inhabiting urban areas of the southern Central Valley of California alongside other urban mesocarnivores. These other species may pose challenges for kit foxes due to a potential lack of evolved mechanisms of defense or avoidance. To address this notion, we evaluated evidence of temporal and spatial partitioning between the kit fox and its potential predators and competitors in an urban environment. We predicted that spatial and temporal overlap would be lower between kit foxes and their predators than with their competitors. We used camera traps with scent lures at high school and college campuses across the southern San Joaquin Valley to monitor the visitation patterns of urban mesocarnivores from 2020 to 2022. We used generalized linear mixed models and AIC model selection to evaluate spatial relationships between kit foxes and other mesocarnivores and we used temporal overlap coefficients and peak activity analysis to evaluate temporal overlap. Kit foxes exhibited low spatial overlap (negative association) with Virginia opossums (D) and high spatial overlap (positive association) with domestic cats (), domestic dogs (), northern raccoons (), and striped skunks (). Kit foxes exhibited low to moderate levels of temporal overlap with other species, the least of which occurring with potential predators (i.e., coyotes (), domestic dogs). Our findings support the temporal partitioning and partially support the spatial partitioning hypothesis as potential mechanisms to promote coexistence among mesocarnivores in an urban environment.","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding how foliar δ13C and δ15N vary with the environment is crucial for elucidating the carbon and nitrogen cycle dynamics within ecosystems. Yet, there is limited knowledge about these variations among different plant life types along altitudinal gradients, particularly in subtropical forest ecosystems found in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, we collected leaves from 67 species, including 20 trees, 24 shrubs, and 23 herbs along an altitudinal gradient of 834 m to 3105 m in the subtropical forest of Medog, and investigated their patterns of variation along the altitudinal gradient. Our findings revealed a positive relationship between foliar δ13C and altitude, as well as a negative relationship between foliar δ13C and soil temperature. There was no significant correlation between foliar δ15N and altitude, but a hump-shaped relationship was observed between foliar δ15N and soil moisture. Among the different plant functional groups, the δ13C of shrubs is more sensitive and representative of environmental changes. In addition, we discovered no difference in the δ13C (δ15N) values of leaves among trees, shrubs, and herbs in this study. Still, there were significant differences when compared to the δ13C (δ15N) values of leaves in other typical climatic zones, indicating that climatic zones influenced the δ13C and δ15N values of leaves more than plant functional groups. In conclusion, our results provide new insights into the climatic drivers of the changes in δ13C and δ15N of the different plant life types along the altitudinal gradient in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.
{"title":"Variation patterns in foliar δ13C and δ15N among plant life types along an altitudinal gradient on the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Ribu Shama, Xu-Ri, Tian-Liang, Jiaoneng Yu, Yuxuan Cui, Songbo Qu, Lin Zhang, Eryuan Liang, Almaz Borjigidai","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03188","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how foliar δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C and δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">15</ce:sup>N vary with the environment is crucial for elucidating the carbon and nitrogen cycle dynamics within ecosystems. Yet, there is limited knowledge about these variations among different plant life types along altitudinal gradients, particularly in subtropical forest ecosystems found in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, we collected leaves from 67 species, including 20 trees, 24 shrubs, and 23 herbs along an altitudinal gradient of 834 m to 3105 m in the subtropical forest of Medog, and investigated their patterns of variation along the altitudinal gradient. Our findings revealed a positive relationship between foliar δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C and altitude, as well as a negative relationship between foliar δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C and soil temperature. There was no significant correlation between foliar δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">15</ce:sup>N and altitude, but a hump-shaped relationship was observed between foliar δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">15</ce:sup>N and soil moisture. Among the different plant functional groups, the δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C of shrubs is more sensitive and representative of environmental changes. In addition, we discovered no difference in the δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C (δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">15</ce:sup>N) values of leaves among trees, shrubs, and herbs in this study. Still, there were significant differences when compared to the δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C (δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">15</ce:sup>N) values of leaves in other typical climatic zones, indicating that climatic zones influenced the δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C and δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">15</ce:sup>N values of leaves more than plant functional groups. In conclusion, our results provide new insights into the climatic drivers of the changes in δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">13</ce:sup>C and δ<ce:sup loc=\"post\">15</ce:sup>N of the different plant life types along the altitudinal gradient in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03197
Kamaljit K. Sangha, C. Madegowda, M. Balasubramanian
Typically, conservation is achieved by excluding, evacuating, or legally dismissing the rights of local/native people from using protected areas, resulting in evictions, ongoing distress, and dejection among many Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) worldwide. However, the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary (BRTWS) in the Western Ghats offers a unique example of conservation where local tribal people, , have persisted and been living with tigers, elephants, bears, leopards, and other wild animals for millennia. In the past, they managed the forest which, under the colonial and later modern conservation policies, has been restricted and penalised. However, ’ continuous existence in the Sanctuary suggests that people’s knowledge and skills must be contributing to enable them to co-exist with wild animals. Our integrated analysis of ecological, socio-cultural, and policy aspects and experience of working with in the BRT landscape typifies the importance of locals’ knowledge in managing the forest — urging the need to recognise and support IPLCs’ work for achieving conservation as well as socio-economic outcomes. This Note highlights the necessity to understand, recognise, and embrace IPLCs’ knowledge systems from a conservation context. Emerging future economic opportunities through Nature-based Solutions, if developed equitably, sustainably, and in culturally appropriate ways in line with IPLCs' aspirations and responsibilities, can benefit both wildlife and people, while reducing wildlife conflicts and delivering multiple-faceted conservation outcomes globally.
{"title":"Reshaping conservation incorporating Indigenous perspectives","authors":"Kamaljit K. Sangha, C. Madegowda, M. Balasubramanian","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03197","url":null,"abstract":"Typically, conservation is achieved by excluding, evacuating, or legally dismissing the rights of local/native people from using protected areas, resulting in evictions, ongoing distress, and dejection among many Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) worldwide. However, the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary (BRTWS) in the Western Ghats offers a unique example of conservation where local tribal people, , have persisted and been living with tigers, elephants, bears, leopards, and other wild animals for millennia. In the past, they managed the forest which, under the colonial and later modern conservation policies, has been restricted and penalised. However, ’ continuous existence in the Sanctuary suggests that people’s knowledge and skills must be contributing to enable them to co-exist with wild animals. Our integrated analysis of ecological, socio-cultural, and policy aspects and experience of working with in the BRT landscape typifies the importance of locals’ knowledge in managing the forest — urging the need to recognise and support IPLCs’ work for achieving conservation as well as socio-economic outcomes. This Note highlights the necessity to understand, recognise, and embrace IPLCs’ knowledge systems from a conservation context. Emerging future economic opportunities through Nature-based Solutions, if developed equitably, sustainably, and in culturally appropriate ways in line with IPLCs' aspirations and responsibilities, can benefit both wildlife and people, while reducing wildlife conflicts and delivering multiple-faceted conservation outcomes globally.","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Remote sensing technology plays an indispensable role in the monitoring of grassland biodiversity, with developments towards a space–sky–ground integrated monitoring network. At present, there is an urgent need to summarize the progress of existing research, systematically grasp the overall development direction, and provide theoretical and application guidance for the in-depth promotion of grassland biodiversity management. The objective of this study was to systematically summarize the progress of remote sensing for grassland biodiversity monitoring. First, a bibliographic analysis of the relevant studies from 2000 to 2022 was conducted, and then a systematic exposition was made from three aspects, namely, remote sensing observation platforms and sensors, the dimensions and indicators of grassland biodiversity observation and the main methods. Finally, the current problems and future development directions were summarized. The study found that the current monitoring of grassland biodiversity in the region still has major problems, such as an insufficient integration of multisource remote sensing, a need to enrich the monitoring level, and a limited analysis method. It is recommended that a space–sky–ground integrated monitoring network be constructed in the future to facilitate the systematic monitoring of grassland biodiversity across multiple dimensions, scales and trophic levels. Furthermore, the analysis methods and techniques should be strengthened. The results of this study can contribute to a deeper understanding of the application of remote sensing technology in grassland biodiversity monitoring and provide scientific references for related research.
{"title":"Systematic review of remote sensing technology for grassland biodiversity monitoring: Current status and challenges","authors":"Xin Lyu, Xiaobing Li, Dongliang Dang, Kai Wang, Chenhao Zhang, Wanyu Cao, Anru Lou","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03196","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing technology plays an indispensable role in the monitoring of grassland biodiversity, with developments towards a space–sky–ground integrated monitoring network. At present, there is an urgent need to summarize the progress of existing research, systematically grasp the overall development direction, and provide theoretical and application guidance for the in-depth promotion of grassland biodiversity management. The objective of this study was to systematically summarize the progress of remote sensing for grassland biodiversity monitoring. First, a bibliographic analysis of the relevant studies from 2000 to 2022 was conducted, and then a systematic exposition was made from three aspects, namely, remote sensing observation platforms and sensors, the dimensions and indicators of grassland biodiversity observation and the main methods. Finally, the current problems and future development directions were summarized. The study found that the current monitoring of grassland biodiversity in the region still has major problems, such as an insufficient integration of multisource remote sensing, a need to enrich the monitoring level, and a limited analysis method. It is recommended that a space–sky–ground integrated monitoring network be constructed in the future to facilitate the systematic monitoring of grassland biodiversity across multiple dimensions, scales and trophic levels. Furthermore, the analysis methods and techniques should be strengthened. The results of this study can contribute to a deeper understanding of the application of remote sensing technology in grassland biodiversity monitoring and provide scientific references for related research.","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-08DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03191
Tayeb Obidari, Maryem Wardi, Ilyas Filali Alaoui, Amina Braimi, Timothy Paulitz, Abdelhamid El Mousadik, El Hassan Mayad
In many agroecosystems, soil suppressiveness to root knot nematodes (RKN) is of great interest in defining the biological agents controlling population density, especially with growing concerns about the environmental and human health impacts of chemicals. In this study, we evaluated the suppressiveness to spp. in two land use soils: a protected argan soil from the Souss Massa National Park (SMNP), Morocco, and a conventional soil from an adjacent non-protected area. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, we characterized the fungal and bacterial communities in these soils for the first time. Nematodes belonging to different trophic guilds were also analyzed to further understand ecological factors that enable suppressive organisms to function and persist in the soil. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with tomato plants grown in untreated and autoclaved soils, each inoculated with 800 infective juveniles (J2). We found that omnivore-predator nematode abundance, structure, and maturity indices were higher in the protected soil indicating the presence of a well-structured soil food web and a stable ecosystem. After sixty-seven days, RKN population density and gall index were reduced by 79.6 % and 81.5 % in the protected soil, respectively. 50 % autoclaved protected soil was also suppressive, but not 75 % and totally autoclaved soil. In contrast, conventional soil amplified the RKN population by 1319 %. More than 6770 bacterial and 558 fungal taxa were detected in this study, with Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Mortierellales, Orbiliales, Agaricales, Diversisporales, and Pleosporales being consistently associated with RKN suppression. We found that fungal diversity was higher in SMNP-protected soil. In conclusion, soil protection enhances soil ecosystem resilience and that protected argan soils can serve as a valuable source of biological agents for the sustainable management of phytoparasitic nematodes.
{"title":"Microbial communities and high trophic level nematodes in protected argan soil show strong suppressive effect against Meloidogyne spp.","authors":"Tayeb Obidari, Maryem Wardi, Ilyas Filali Alaoui, Amina Braimi, Timothy Paulitz, Abdelhamid El Mousadik, El Hassan Mayad","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03191","url":null,"abstract":"In many agroecosystems, soil suppressiveness to root knot nematodes (RKN) is of great interest in defining the biological agents controlling population density, especially with growing concerns about the environmental and human health impacts of chemicals. In this study, we evaluated the suppressiveness to spp. in two land use soils: a protected argan soil from the Souss Massa National Park (SMNP), Morocco, and a conventional soil from an adjacent non-protected area. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, we characterized the fungal and bacterial communities in these soils for the first time. Nematodes belonging to different trophic guilds were also analyzed to further understand ecological factors that enable suppressive organisms to function and persist in the soil. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with tomato plants grown in untreated and autoclaved soils, each inoculated with 800 infective juveniles (J2). We found that omnivore-predator nematode abundance, structure, and maturity indices were higher in the protected soil indicating the presence of a well-structured soil food web and a stable ecosystem. After sixty-seven days, RKN population density and gall index were reduced by 79.6 % and 81.5 % in the protected soil, respectively. 50 % autoclaved protected soil was also suppressive, but not 75 % and totally autoclaved soil. In contrast, conventional soil amplified the RKN population by 1319 %. More than 6770 bacterial and 558 fungal taxa were detected in this study, with Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Mortierellales, Orbiliales, Agaricales, Diversisporales, and Pleosporales being consistently associated with RKN suppression. We found that fungal diversity was higher in SMNP-protected soil. In conclusion, soil protection enhances soil ecosystem resilience and that protected argan soils can serve as a valuable source of biological agents for the sustainable management of phytoparasitic nematodes.","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-08DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03195
Jari Miina, Marius Hauglin, Aksel Granhus, Anne Linn Hykkerud, Inger Martinussen
Lingonberry ( L.) grows in a range of nature types in the boreal zone, and understanding factors affecting the abundance of the plant, as well as mapping its spatial distribution, is important. The abundance of the species can be an indicator of ecosystem changes, and lingonberry can also be a source for commercial utilisation of berry resources. Using country-wide data from 6404 field plots of the Norwegian national forest inventory (NFI), we modelled the relationship between lingonberry cover and airborne laser scanning (ALS) and satellite metrics and bioclimatic variables describing the forest structure, terrain, soil properties and climate using a generalised mixed-effects model with a quasipoisson distribution. The validation carried out with an independent set of 2124 NFI plots indicated no obvious bias in predictions. The most important predictors were found to be interactions between dominant tree species, stand basal area and latitude, as well as the reflectance in the near-infrared band from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, the dominant height based on the ALS variable and the long-term mean summer (June–August) temperature. The results provide an indicator of the effects of global warming, as well as the possibility of giving forest management prescriptions that favour lingonberry and locating the most abundant lingonberry sites in Norwegian forests.
{"title":"Modelling and mapping the abundance of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) in Norway","authors":"Jari Miina, Marius Hauglin, Aksel Granhus, Anne Linn Hykkerud, Inger Martinussen","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03195","url":null,"abstract":"Lingonberry ( L.) grows in a range of nature types in the boreal zone, and understanding factors affecting the abundance of the plant, as well as mapping its spatial distribution, is important. The abundance of the species can be an indicator of ecosystem changes, and lingonberry can also be a source for commercial utilisation of berry resources. Using country-wide data from 6404 field plots of the Norwegian national forest inventory (NFI), we modelled the relationship between lingonberry cover and airborne laser scanning (ALS) and satellite metrics and bioclimatic variables describing the forest structure, terrain, soil properties and climate using a generalised mixed-effects model with a quasipoisson distribution. The validation carried out with an independent set of 2124 NFI plots indicated no obvious bias in predictions. The most important predictors were found to be interactions between dominant tree species, stand basal area and latitude, as well as the reflectance in the near-infrared band from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, the dominant height based on the ALS variable and the long-term mean summer (June–August) temperature. The results provide an indicator of the effects of global warming, as well as the possibility of giving forest management prescriptions that favour lingonberry and locating the most abundant lingonberry sites in Norwegian forests.","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-08DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03190
Hu Zhang, Bin Feng, Dunwu Qi, Jindong Zhang, Bin Wang, Huakang Yin, Zeen Mao, Guanhua Pu, Liqiang Fu, Vanessa Hull
Habitat corridors provide connectivity to decrease the negative effects of fragmentation. However, numerous current studies on habitat corridors remain in the design stage, and there is a lack of research addressing the challenges and feasibility of actual construction. Therefore, fine-scale analyses of habitat corridors are needed to provide deeper insights. We proposed a fine-scale habitat corridor design using the giant panda () population in the Mabian Dafengding National Nature Reserve as a case study. The research combined field quadrats, camera traps, and remote sensing data to complete analyses using the species distribution model, landscape pattern index, circuit theory model, and least-cost path (LCP) model. The results show that 53 km of suitable habitat for giant pandas exists in the reserve, and anthropogenic disturbance and bamboo cover were key environmental factors affecting giant pandas’ habitat suitability. Fragmentation has caused suitable habitat isolation, and the core habitat is non-contiguously scattered between the north and south. In the design of ten habitat corridors, two primary corridors connect the core habitat from north to south. The proposed primary corridors, roughly 1.4 km wide, are limited by natural impediments such as rivers, food resources, and anthropogenic disturbance. Our research used the latest methods and data to design the habitat corridor and reveals many difficulties for actual construction, despite employing approaches such as the LCP. Our findings enhance the understanding of habitat corridor feasibility and support the development of giant panda conservation efforts.
{"title":"Habitat status and feasibility of constructing corridors for a vulnerable population of giant pandas","authors":"Hu Zhang, Bin Feng, Dunwu Qi, Jindong Zhang, Bin Wang, Huakang Yin, Zeen Mao, Guanhua Pu, Liqiang Fu, Vanessa Hull","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03190","url":null,"abstract":"Habitat corridors provide connectivity to decrease the negative effects of fragmentation. However, numerous current studies on habitat corridors remain in the design stage, and there is a lack of research addressing the challenges and feasibility of actual construction. Therefore, fine-scale analyses of habitat corridors are needed to provide deeper insights. We proposed a fine-scale habitat corridor design using the giant panda () population in the Mabian Dafengding National Nature Reserve as a case study. The research combined field quadrats, camera traps, and remote sensing data to complete analyses using the species distribution model, landscape pattern index, circuit theory model, and least-cost path (LCP) model. The results show that 53 km of suitable habitat for giant pandas exists in the reserve, and anthropogenic disturbance and bamboo cover were key environmental factors affecting giant pandas’ habitat suitability. Fragmentation has caused suitable habitat isolation, and the core habitat is non-contiguously scattered between the north and south. In the design of ten habitat corridors, two primary corridors connect the core habitat from north to south. The proposed primary corridors, roughly 1.4 km wide, are limited by natural impediments such as rivers, food resources, and anthropogenic disturbance. Our research used the latest methods and data to design the habitat corridor and reveals many difficulties for actual construction, despite employing approaches such as the LCP. Our findings enhance the understanding of habitat corridor feasibility and support the development of giant panda conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The desert steppe is unique as a transition zone from the steppe to the desert of the Eurasian Steppe. The spatial distribution of shrubs and perennial plants has changed due to long-term disturbance caused by overgrazing in the ecosystem. This study aimed to determine the degree of patchiness of shrubs and perennial plants under grazing disturbance, which is of great significance to better understand the succession mechanism of plant community in the desert steppe. This study investigated the spatial distribution of shrubs and perennial plants under four stocking rates (no grazing, CK, 0 sheep·hm·half year; light grazing, LG, 0.93 sheep·hm·half year; moderate grazing, MG, 1.82 sheep·hm·half year; heavy grazing, HG, 2.71 sheep·hm·half year) in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, primarily using geostatistical methods. The density of perennial grasses increased with increasing stocking rate, while its height decreased (except for HG). The density and height of the shrubs and the perennial forbs showed an exponential or gradual decline. The spatial distribution of shrubs and perennial plants is mainly affected by structural factors such as topography, soil parent material, and climate, and the density of shrubs and perennial plants is most sensitive to changes in stocking rate. An appropriate stocking rate increases the spatial heterogeneity of shrubs and perennial plants, but heavy grazing reduces the spatial heterogeneity of shrubs and perennial plants.
{"title":"Spatial distribution of shrubs and perennial plants under grazing disturbance in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia","authors":"Zihan Wang, Pujia Meng, Zhongwu Wang, Shijie Lv, Guodong Han, Dongjie Hou, Jing Wang, Haiming Wang, Aimin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03193","url":null,"abstract":"The desert steppe is unique as a transition zone from the steppe to the desert of the Eurasian Steppe. The spatial distribution of shrubs and perennial plants has changed due to long-term disturbance caused by overgrazing in the ecosystem. This study aimed to determine the degree of patchiness of shrubs and perennial plants under grazing disturbance, which is of great significance to better understand the succession mechanism of plant community in the desert steppe. This study investigated the spatial distribution of shrubs and perennial plants under four stocking rates (no grazing, CK, 0 sheep·hm·half year; light grazing, LG, 0.93 sheep·hm·half year; moderate grazing, MG, 1.82 sheep·hm·half year; heavy grazing, HG, 2.71 sheep·hm·half year) in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, primarily using geostatistical methods. The density of perennial grasses increased with increasing stocking rate, while its height decreased (except for HG). The density and height of the shrubs and the perennial forbs showed an exponential or gradual decline. The spatial distribution of shrubs and perennial plants is mainly affected by structural factors such as topography, soil parent material, and climate, and the density of shrubs and perennial plants is most sensitive to changes in stocking rate. An appropriate stocking rate increases the spatial heterogeneity of shrubs and perennial plants, but heavy grazing reduces the spatial heterogeneity of shrubs and perennial plants.","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03156
Morteza Naderi, Emrah Çoban, Federico Collazo Cáceres, J. David Blount, Ayşegül Çoban, Josip Kusak, Çağan H. Şekercioğlu
Denning behavior is essential for species that must survive difficult seasonal conditions when food is scarce. In the first denning study conducted in Türkiye, we investigated the denning habits of brown bears in the evergreen Sarıkamış forest in the east of the country. Using the bear movement data of bears recorded by GPS between 2018 and 2023, we identified 43 winter dens and 12 day-beds (daily resting places) used by bears. This study revealed the existence of five winter dens with separate toilet chambers, a phenomenon not previously documented in the literature. These chambers were separated from the sleeping areas by rocks or in a tunnel cavity. Our results showed that most winter dens were located in rocky regions and cliffs (83 %), while 17 % were in foothills and non-rocky areas, excavated areas, or under tree roots. Males had occupied all the excavated dens, with one exception. Notably, the den entrances were narrower in the foothills. This discrepancy can be attributed to the relatively constant height of the caves, which does not differ significantly from natural caves in rocky and mountainous areas. The geographical orientation of the excavated winter dens, which mainly faced north, may also contribute to this difference. Our data on denning chronology highlighted significant differences in denning behavior between female and male bears, with females exhibiting longer denning durations. These findings contribute to our understanding of bear ecology and emphasize the importance of considering sex-specific behaviors in wildlife management and conservation efforts. Our findings highlight the potential threats that current and future human infrastructure development pose to the long-term viability of bears in an understudied region at the confluence of two global biodiversity hotspots.
{"title":"Brown bear denning habits in northeastern Türkiye","authors":"Morteza Naderi, Emrah Çoban, Federico Collazo Cáceres, J. David Blount, Ayşegül Çoban, Josip Kusak, Çağan H. Şekercioğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03156","url":null,"abstract":"Denning behavior is essential for species that must survive difficult seasonal conditions when food is scarce. In the first denning study conducted in Türkiye, we investigated the denning habits of brown bears in the evergreen Sarıkamış forest in the east of the country. Using the bear movement data of bears recorded by GPS between 2018 and 2023, we identified 43 winter dens and 12 day-beds (daily resting places) used by bears. This study revealed the existence of five winter dens with separate toilet chambers, a phenomenon not previously documented in the literature. These chambers were separated from the sleeping areas by rocks or in a tunnel cavity. Our results showed that most winter dens were located in rocky regions and cliffs (83 %), while 17 % were in foothills and non-rocky areas, excavated areas, or under tree roots. Males had occupied all the excavated dens, with one exception. Notably, the den entrances were narrower in the foothills. This discrepancy can be attributed to the relatively constant height of the caves, which does not differ significantly from natural caves in rocky and mountainous areas. The geographical orientation of the excavated winter dens, which mainly faced north, may also contribute to this difference. Our data on denning chronology highlighted significant differences in denning behavior between female and male bears, with females exhibiting longer denning durations. These findings contribute to our understanding of bear ecology and emphasize the importance of considering sex-specific behaviors in wildlife management and conservation efforts. Our findings highlight the potential threats that current and future human infrastructure development pose to the long-term viability of bears in an understudied region at the confluence of two global biodiversity hotspots.","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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