Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04013
Jan Hušek , Jana Kvičerová , Jan Cukor
Mortality caused by animal-vehicle collisions is one of the major effects of growing road networks and traffic on wildlife. Our goal was to describe seasonal and spatial distributions and to test the effects of selected factors on the probability of vehicle collisions for the European hare, a species with a rapidly declining population, which had not been studied until now. We monitored collisions during 192 surveys on an 83.9 km-long route east of Prague, Czech Republic, from February 2022 to June 2024. The seasonality of vehicle collisions reflected the breeding season and showed inter-annual variations. We identified 3 hotspots of ≥ 10.8 vehicle collisions when using a buffer zone of 5 km, two of them fully overlapping with hotspots identified at a smaller scale. The probability of hare-vehicle collisions increased in localities farther away from urban areas, forests, and seminatural vegetation. We conclude that increasing land cover diversity may be a simple mitigation measure for reducing hare road mortality. Road signs may be used to alert drivers to moving hares at hotspots of road mortality.
{"title":"Spatio-temporal variation and factors affecting European hare (Lepus europaeus) road mortality: Landcover diversity as a remedy","authors":"Jan Hušek , Jana Kvičerová , Jan Cukor","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mortality caused by animal-vehicle collisions is one of the major effects of growing road networks and traffic on wildlife. Our goal was to describe seasonal and spatial distributions and to test the effects of selected factors on the probability of vehicle collisions for the European hare, a species with a rapidly declining population, which had not been studied until now. We monitored collisions during 192 surveys on an 83.9 km-long route east of Prague, Czech Republic, from February 2022 to June 2024. The seasonality of vehicle collisions reflected the breeding season and showed inter-annual variations. We identified 3 hotspots of ≥ 10.8 vehicle collisions when using a buffer zone of 5 km, two of them fully overlapping with hotspots identified at a smaller scale. The probability of hare-vehicle collisions increased in localities farther away from urban areas, forests, and seminatural vegetation. We conclude that increasing land cover diversity may be a simple mitigation measure for reducing hare road mortality. Road signs may be used to alert drivers to moving hares at hotspots of road mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article e04013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04011
Xiaoxuan Sun , Nengwen Xiao , Xiaoqi Gao , Ningning Guo , Zhaosheng Chu , Qiang Liu
Amphibians are a crucial component of global biodiversity, yet they are experiencing rapid population declines worldwide. The primary objectives are to evaluate the feasibility of using eDNA as a non-invasive method for surveying amphibian diversity in Chaohu Lake basin, to analyze the community characteristics of amphibians across different habitats, and to explore the key factors influencing amphibian diversity and distribution patterns in the region. This study employed environmental DNA (eDNA) combined with traditional line transect method (TLTM) to conduct a comprehensive assessment of amphibian diversity within Chaohu Lake basin protected area in four different habitats of river, wetland, cropland, and pond. Across the 40 survey sites, a total of 9 amphibian species were detected by both methods, with the eDNA method identifying significantly higher amphibian richness than the TLTM. Species richness in river habitats was significantly lower than in pond and wetland habitats, while species richness in cropland habitats showed no significant difference from the other three habitats. The Fejervarya multistriata exhibited a consistent advantage across all habitats, while the Rana zhenhaiensis, and Rana culaiensis, showed a preference for pond habitats, and Bufo gargarizans was more frequently found in river habitats. During autumn, the results obtained from both methods were comparable across the four habitat types, whereas in spring, the eDNA method demonstrated superior performance to TLTM. Amphibian species richness and abundance were higher in spring compared to autumn. Water width significantly influenced amphibian distribution both in spring and autumn, with additional impacts from water temperature and pH in spring. This study underscores the differences in community structure and dominant species across the four habitat types, revealing that amphibian diversity and distribution patterns are shaped by multiple environmental factors. The findings confirm that eDNA is an effective method for surveying amphibian diversity in Chaohu Lake basin.
{"title":"Amphibian diversity and distribution patterns in Chaohu Lake basin based on environmental DNA and traditional line transect method","authors":"Xiaoxuan Sun , Nengwen Xiao , Xiaoqi Gao , Ningning Guo , Zhaosheng Chu , Qiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amphibians are a crucial component of global biodiversity, yet they are experiencing rapid population declines worldwide. The primary objectives are to evaluate the feasibility of using eDNA as a non-invasive method for surveying amphibian diversity in Chaohu Lake basin, to analyze the community characteristics of amphibians across different habitats, and to explore the key factors influencing amphibian diversity and distribution patterns in the region. This study employed environmental DNA (eDNA) combined with traditional line transect method (TLTM) to conduct a comprehensive assessment of amphibian diversity within Chaohu Lake basin protected area in four different habitats of river, wetland, cropland, and pond. Across the 40 survey sites, a total of 9 amphibian species were detected by both methods, with the eDNA method identifying significantly higher amphibian richness than the TLTM. Species richness in river habitats was significantly lower than in pond and wetland habitats, while species richness in cropland habitats showed no significant difference from the other three habitats. The <em>Fejervarya multistriata</em> exhibited a consistent advantage across all habitats, while the <em>Rana zhenhaiensis</em>, and <em>Rana culaiensis</em>, showed a preference for pond habitats, and <em>Bufo gargarizans</em> was more frequently found in river habitats. During autumn, the results obtained from both methods were comparable across the four habitat types, whereas in spring, the eDNA method demonstrated superior performance to TLTM. Amphibian species richness and abundance were higher in spring compared to autumn. Water width significantly influenced amphibian distribution both in spring and autumn, with additional impacts from water temperature and pH in spring. This study underscores the differences in community structure and dominant species across the four habitat types, revealing that amphibian diversity and distribution patterns are shaped by multiple environmental factors. The findings confirm that eDNA is an effective method for surveying amphibian diversity in Chaohu Lake basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article e04011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04020
Zeyang Xie , Liujie He , Wei Wan , Xu Song , Zhijian Wu , Han Liang , Haijiao Du , Meiyun Qin , Yuanqiao Xiong , Yuqi Qian , Bofu Zheng , Jinqi Zhu
Understanding the trade - offs and synergies among ecosystem services (ESs) is crucial for effective ecosystem management, yet most current research fails to capture the intricate, non - linear transitions, and sudden changes triggered when driving factors exceed critical thresholds. These relationships exhibit pronounced spatial heterogeneity due to the varying influence and interactions of biophysical assocaited with socio-economic drivers. This study investigates the spatiotemporal variations in three key ESs—water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), and carbon sequestration (CS)—across the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB) from 2000 to 2020. Using Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression and Piecewise Structural Equation Modeling, we analyzed the spatial distribution of ESs trade-offs/synergies and the threshold effects of driving factors. Results show clear spatial differentiation among the YEB's upstream, midstream, and downstream regions. WY peaks downstream, while SC and CS are higher upstream. The WY-CS relationship shifts from trade-offs in low-elevation urban areas to synergies in high-elevation regions. WY-SC shows trade-offs in provincial capitals and northwestern part of the YEB, with synergies elsewhere. SC-CS generally exhibits strong synergies, except in the northwest (e.g., Sichuan and Chongqing province). Precipitation is the primary driver of WY, with varied topographic effects across regions. SC is shaped by natural and socio-economic factors, while CS is strongly effected by vegetation cover and climate. Path analysis reveals region-specific impact pathways: with topography exerting a dominant influence upstream, and socio-economic disturbances (e.g., nighttime light) driving patterns in the midstream and downstream. Threshold effects are evident: higher human activity and lower precipitation increase WY-CS trade-offs; flatter areas need greater disturbance to shift WY-SC from synergy to trade-off; SC-CS synergy declines above 3000 m elevation. This study highlights how spatially heterogeneous driver interactions shape ES relationships, providing insights for region-specific ecological management and sustainable development.
{"title":"Shifting patterns of ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies: Evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China","authors":"Zeyang Xie , Liujie He , Wei Wan , Xu Song , Zhijian Wu , Han Liang , Haijiao Du , Meiyun Qin , Yuanqiao Xiong , Yuqi Qian , Bofu Zheng , Jinqi Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the trade - offs and synergies among ecosystem services (ESs) is crucial for effective ecosystem management, yet most current research fails to capture the intricate, non - linear transitions, and sudden changes triggered when driving factors exceed critical thresholds. These relationships exhibit pronounced spatial heterogeneity due to the varying influence and interactions of biophysical assocaited with socio-economic drivers. This study investigates the spatiotemporal variations in three key ESs—water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), and carbon sequestration (CS)—across the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB) from 2000 to 2020. Using Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression and Piecewise Structural Equation Modeling, we analyzed the spatial distribution of ESs trade-offs/synergies and the threshold effects of driving factors. Results show clear spatial differentiation among the YEB's upstream, midstream, and downstream regions. WY peaks downstream, while SC and CS are higher upstream. The WY-CS relationship shifts from trade-offs in low-elevation urban areas to synergies in high-elevation regions. WY-SC shows trade-offs in provincial capitals and northwestern part of the YEB, with synergies elsewhere. SC-CS generally exhibits strong synergies, except in the northwest (e.g., Sichuan and Chongqing province). Precipitation is the primary driver of WY, with varied topographic effects across regions. SC is shaped by natural and socio-economic factors, while CS is strongly effected by vegetation cover and climate. Path analysis reveals region-specific impact pathways: with topography exerting a dominant influence upstream, and socio-economic disturbances (e.g., nighttime light) driving patterns in the midstream and downstream. Threshold effects are evident: higher human activity and lower precipitation increase WY-CS trade-offs; flatter areas need greater disturbance to shift WY-SC from synergy to trade-off; SC-CS synergy declines above 3000 m elevation. This study highlights how spatially heterogeneous driver interactions shape ES relationships, providing insights for region-specific ecological management and sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article e04020"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04017
Xiaodong Li , Qinqin Lin , Zhe Geng , Jiangfeng Zhu
Ecosystem models have been increasingly used for assessing and predicting the impact of fishing activities on marine ecosystems. The western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) is the most productive oceanic region for tunas, and its ecosystem stability is crucial for sustaining global tuna production. As a medium-complexity ecosystem model, the size-spectrum model can incorporate more ecological processes with less data, making it suitable for analyzing the dynamics of the WCPO pelagic ecosystem where data are scarce. In this study, we developed and calibrated a multispecies size-spectrum model for the pelagic ecosystem of the WCPO based on publicly available fisheries statistics and Chinese tuna longline observer data. Six ecological indicators were used to reflect the dynamic changes in ecosystem structure, including total biomass, large fish index (LFI), mean maximum weight, maximum weight, mean trophic level (MTL), and slope of community size-spectrum. Additionally, we conducted a projection of species biomass and ecosystem structure over the next decade under different fishing scenarios: 0, 0.2 F, 0.5 F, F (average fishing mortality coefficient from 2018 to 2021), 2 F, and 5 F. The validation results indicated that for most species, there was a strong consistency between the catches predicted by the calibrated model and the reported catches. Projections indicated that even if fishing intensity remains at recent levels (F) or is reduced (0.2 F and 0.5 F), the biomass of tuna species(albacore, yellowfin and bigeye tuna) other than skipjack tuna will continue to decline to varying degrees. With regard to ecological indicators, a clear inverse correlation was observed between the increase in fishing intensity and six ecological indicators, especially the slope of community size-spectrum. Our results suggested that conservation and management measures will need to be continually adjusted in future fisheries management to ensure ecosystem stability and sustainable development of fishery resources. The results of our study can serve as a scientific reference for conducting ecological impact assessments of tuna fisheries in the WCPO, as well as for promoting the sustainable exploitation of tuna stocks.
{"title":"Dynamic modeling of the pelagic ecosystem in the western and central Pacific Ocean based on a multispecies size-spectrum model","authors":"Xiaodong Li , Qinqin Lin , Zhe Geng , Jiangfeng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecosystem models have been increasingly used for assessing and predicting the impact of fishing activities on marine ecosystems. The western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) is the most productive oceanic region for tunas, and its ecosystem stability is crucial for sustaining global tuna production. As a medium-complexity ecosystem model, the size-spectrum model can incorporate more ecological processes with less data, making it suitable for analyzing the dynamics of the WCPO pelagic ecosystem where data are scarce. In this study, we developed and calibrated a multispecies size-spectrum model for the pelagic ecosystem of the WCPO based on publicly available fisheries statistics and Chinese tuna longline observer data. Six ecological indicators were used to reflect the dynamic changes in ecosystem structure, including total biomass, large fish index (LFI), mean maximum weight, maximum weight, mean trophic level (MTL), and slope of community size-spectrum. Additionally, we conducted a projection of species biomass and ecosystem structure over the next decade under different fishing scenarios: 0, 0.2 F, 0.5 F, F (average fishing mortality coefficient from 2018 to 2021), 2 F, and 5 F. The validation results indicated that for most species, there was a strong consistency between the catches predicted by the calibrated model and the reported catches. Projections indicated that even if fishing intensity remains at recent levels (F) or is reduced (0.2 F and 0.5 F), the biomass of tuna species(albacore, yellowfin and bigeye tuna) other than skipjack tuna will continue to decline to varying degrees. With regard to ecological indicators, a clear inverse correlation was observed between the increase in fishing intensity and six ecological indicators, especially the slope of community size-spectrum. Our results suggested that conservation and management measures will need to be continually adjusted in future fisheries management to ensure ecosystem stability and sustainable development of fishery resources. The results of our study can serve as a scientific reference for conducting ecological impact assessments of tuna fisheries in the WCPO, as well as for promoting the sustainable exploitation of tuna stocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article e04017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04015
Pilar A. Haye , Natalia C. Muñoz-Herrera , Nicolás I. Segovia
The purple stone crab (Homalaspis plana) is a commercially important benthic species along the southeast Pacific coast, with average annual landings reaching approximately 137 tons over the last 26 years. Despite sustained size- and sex-biased artisanal exploitation, little is known about the species’ genetic variation and dispersal patterns. In this study, we analyzed the population genetic structure of H. plana across a ∼3500 km stretch of coastline (20.13°S-39.4°S) using mitochondrial COI sequences and six nuclear microsatellite loci from 222 specimens. Our findings point to a low genetic diversity, placing H. plana in the lower quartile of marine brachyuran species worldwide in terms of haplotype diversity. Microsatellite analyses reveal substantial local self-recruitment and elevated inbreeding levels, yet only minor spatial genetic differentiation was detected, even across a major biogeographic transition zone. These results suggest that persistent fishing pressure and larval retention mechanisms may be driving genetic erosion, even though gene flow appears sufficient to sustain panmixia at larger spatial scales. The interplay between broad-scale connectivity and limited external replenishment underscores the vulnerability of local populations to sustained exploitation and environmental shifts. Our study highlights the need for fisheries management strategies that incorporate connectivity processes and supports the integration of population genetic data into conservation strategies for marine species with complex life histories, especially in the face of changing oceanographic conditions.
{"title":"Limited genetic diversity across a broadly connected range in the fished purple stone crab Homalaspis plana","authors":"Pilar A. Haye , Natalia C. Muñoz-Herrera , Nicolás I. Segovia","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purple stone crab (<em>Homalaspis plana</em>) is a commercially important benthic species along the southeast Pacific coast, with average annual landings reaching approximately 137 tons over the last 26 years. Despite sustained size- and sex-biased artisanal exploitation, little is known about the species’ genetic variation and dispersal patterns. In this study, we analyzed the population genetic structure of <em>H. plana</em> across a ∼3500 km stretch of coastline (20.13°S-39.4°S) using mitochondrial COI sequences and six nuclear microsatellite loci from 222 specimens. Our findings point to a low genetic diversity, placing <em>H. plana</em> in the lower quartile of marine brachyuran species worldwide in terms of haplotype diversity. Microsatellite analyses reveal substantial local self-recruitment and elevated inbreeding levels, yet only minor spatial genetic differentiation was detected, even across a major biogeographic transition zone. These results suggest that persistent fishing pressure and larval retention mechanisms may be driving genetic erosion, even though gene flow appears sufficient to sustain panmixia at larger spatial scales. The interplay between broad-scale connectivity and limited external replenishment underscores the vulnerability of local populations to sustained exploitation and environmental shifts. Our study highlights the need for fisheries management strategies that incorporate connectivity processes and supports the integration of population genetic data into conservation strategies for marine species with complex life histories, especially in the face of changing oceanographic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article e04015"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-07DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04014
Wen Li , Die Wang , Zhangfeng Cheng , Wenguo Wu , Wuhua Liu , Zhijun Zhou , Rui Guo , Chunwang Li
South China sika deer (Cervus nippon kopschi) is an endangered species endemic to eastern and southern China. Assessing the impacts of climate change and human activities on its distribution patterns is critical for developing effective conservation strategies. In this study, we used the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS to predict the potential distribution range and spatial dynamics of the South China sika deer under four Shared Socio-economic Pathways (i.e., SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5) for the present, 2030 s, 2050 s, and 2070 s, and identify the key environmental variables that affect the distribution. Results showed that (1) the precipitation of the coldest quarter, temperature seasonality, distance from river, and slope degree were the four most influential environmental variables, (2) most of the current suitable areas are expected to remain stable, with significant expansions under all future periods and scenarios- not only within the species' current range (from the Tianmu Mountains to the northern end of the Wuyi Mountains), but also across most area of the Jiangnan Hilly Region, (3) although the number of suitable habitat patches is likely to increase, the habitat connectivity is expected to remain low. We recommend combining the restoration of current suitable areas with the creation of ecological corridors to help the South China sika deer access new suitable habitats and enhance their resilience to climate change. Additionally, establishing a network of nature reserves or national park is also an important conservation strategy for achieving large-scale effective protection.
华南梅花鹿（Cervus nippon kopschi）是中国东部和南部特有的濒危物种。评估气候变化和人类活动对其分布格局的影响对于制定有效的保护战略至关重要。利用MaxEnt模型和ArcGIS软件，预测了当前、2030年 s、2050年 s和2070年 s 4条共享社会经济路径（SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5、SSP3-7.0和SSP5-8.5）下华南梅花鹿的潜在分布范围和空间动态，并识别了影响其分布的关键环境变量。结果表明：(1)最冷季降水、温度季节性、离河距离和坡度是影响最显著的4个环境变量；(2)在未来的各个时期和情景下，大多数适宜区都将保持稳定，并有显著的扩展——不仅在物种目前的范围内（从天目山到武夷山北端），而且在江南丘陵区的大部分地区都是如此。(3)适宜生境斑块数量有可能增加，但生境连通性仍较低。建议将现有适宜区域的恢复与生态廊道的建立结合起来，帮助华南梅花鹿进入新的适宜栖息地，增强其对气候变化的适应能力。此外，建立自然保护区或国家公园网络也是实现大规模有效保护的重要保护策略。
{"title":"Modelling and predicting the suitable habitats and potential distribution of South China sika deer (Cervus nippon kopschi)","authors":"Wen Li , Die Wang , Zhangfeng Cheng , Wenguo Wu , Wuhua Liu , Zhijun Zhou , Rui Guo , Chunwang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>South China sika deer (<em>Cervus nippon kopschi</em>) is an endangered species endemic to eastern and southern China. Assessing the impacts of climate change and human activities on its distribution patterns is critical for developing effective conservation strategies. In this study, we used the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS to predict the potential distribution range and spatial dynamics of the South China sika deer under four Shared Socio-economic Pathways (i.e., SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5) for the present, 2030 s, 2050 s, and 2070 s, and identify the key environmental variables that affect the distribution. Results showed that (1) the precipitation of the coldest quarter, temperature seasonality, distance from river, and slope degree were the four most influential environmental variables, (2) most of the current suitable areas are expected to remain stable, with significant expansions under all future periods and scenarios- not only within the species' current range (from the Tianmu Mountains to the northern end of the Wuyi Mountains), but also across most area of the Jiangnan Hilly Region, (3) although the number of suitable habitat patches is likely to increase, the habitat connectivity is expected to remain low. We recommend combining the restoration of current suitable areas with the creation of ecological corridors to help the South China sika deer access new suitable habitats and enhance their resilience to climate change. Additionally, establishing a network of nature reserves or national park is also an important conservation strategy for achieving large-scale effective protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article e04014"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-07DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04016
Alice Fratesi , Enrico Di Minin , Elodie F. Briefer , Daniel R.K. Nielsen
Conservation culturomics can offer insights into the online presence of threatened primate species, such as the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). The long-tailed macaque is the most commercially traded primate and increasingly exploited in the digital realm. By filtering content accessed via Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), we identified and analyzed 1366 posts and links involving long-tailed macaques across three major platforms: YouTube (611 posts; 44.73 %), Flickr (201 posts; 14.71 %), and Google (554 links; 40.56 %). More than two thirds (66.62 %) of the content was categorized as ‘wildlife trade’, of which 51 % pertained to “Pet Trade", 20 % to “Medical Trade", 9 % to "Entertainment Trade", and 21 % to "Other" content. The majority of the content analysed originated from Southeast Asian range countries, such as Indonesia and Thailand, where long-tailed macaques were frequently featured as part of unethical or exploitative content. Based on IP-addresses, most content originated from Indonesia, while the USA accounted for most viewers. In light of our findings, we emphasize the need to promote responsible online engagement to prevent negative consequences such as the normalization of some human–macaque interactions (e.g., in the pet trade) that may affect long-tailed macaque conservation and welfare. By leveraging digital methodologies, this paper contributes to the broader field of primate conservation, offering insights into future conservation measures employing machine learning.
{"title":"“Monkey influencers”: conservation culturomics of human-macaque (Macaca fascicularis) interactions","authors":"Alice Fratesi , Enrico Di Minin , Elodie F. Briefer , Daniel R.K. Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conservation culturomics can offer insights into the online presence of threatened primate species, such as the long-tailed macaque (<em>Macaca fascicularis</em>). The long-tailed macaque is the most commercially traded primate and increasingly exploited in the digital realm. By filtering content accessed via Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), we identified and analyzed 1366 posts and links involving long-tailed macaques across three major platforms: YouTube (611 posts; 44.73 %), Flickr (201 posts; 14.71 %), and Google (554 links; 40.56 %). More than two thirds (66.62 %) of the content was categorized as ‘wildlife trade’, of which 51 % pertained to “Pet Trade\", 20 % to “Medical Trade\", 9 % to \"Entertainment Trade\", and 21 % to \"Other\" content. The majority of the content analysed originated from Southeast Asian range countries, such as Indonesia and Thailand, where long-tailed macaques were frequently featured as part of unethical or exploitative content. Based on IP-addresses, most content originated from Indonesia, while the USA accounted for most viewers. In light of our findings, we emphasize the need to promote responsible online engagement to prevent negative consequences such as the normalization of some human–macaque interactions (e.g., in the pet trade) that may affect long-tailed macaque conservation and welfare. By leveraging digital methodologies, this paper contributes to the broader field of primate conservation, offering insights into future conservation measures employing machine learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article e04016"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04009
Xinru Yang , Jun Li , Xiaojuan Tong , Yin Wang
Plant spring phenology is influenced by multiple climatic variables. Climate warming has significantly advanced spring phenophases over recent decades. However, the differences in responses to climatic variables among various life forms of plants remain unclear. We analyzed spring phenophases of different life forms by integrating approximately 20 years of spring phenological observation data for 82 species from 29 sites in China from 1964 to 2022, combined with contemporary climate data. The results indicated that the correlation between spring phenophases and temperature of trees and shrubs was stronger than that of herbs. Most of the plant phenophases were significantly correlated with temperature, but showed no remarkable correlation with sunhours or humidity. However, some trees and shrubs displayed significant correlations with precipitation. Spring phenophases of trees and shrubs were more sensitive to mean temperature (ST = −3.62 and −3.59 days ℃−1, respectively), whereas those of herbs was more sensitive to minimum temperature (ST = −1.91 days ℃−1). Spring phenophases of trees and shrubs demonstrated higher SH values (0.48 and 0.43 %RH−1, respectively), while those of herbs showed lower SH (0.31 days %RH−1). Precipitation and sunhours had a significant impact on ST and SH of trees and shrubs. Wind speed had a greater effect on ST and SH of trees than on those of shrubs. In the northern sites, there were significant differences in the sensitivity of phenology to mean temperature between trees and herbs. Spring phenophases for herbs showed the strongest response to maximum temperature compared with those for trees and shrubs.
{"title":"Hydrothermal change regulates spring phenology of different life forms of plants","authors":"Xinru Yang , Jun Li , Xiaojuan Tong , Yin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant spring phenology is influenced by multiple climatic variables. Climate warming has significantly advanced spring phenophases over recent decades. However, the differences in responses to climatic variables among various life forms of plants remain unclear. We analyzed spring phenophases of different life forms by integrating approximately 20 years of spring phenological observation data for 82 species from 29 sites in China from 1964 to 2022, combined with contemporary climate data. The results indicated that the correlation between spring phenophases and temperature of trees and shrubs was stronger than that of herbs. Most of the plant phenophases were significantly correlated with temperature, but showed no remarkable correlation with sunhours or humidity. However, some trees and shrubs displayed significant correlations with precipitation. Spring phenophases of trees and shrubs were more sensitive to mean temperature (<em>S</em><sub>T</sub> = −3.62 and −3.59 days ℃<sup>−1</sup>, respectively), whereas those of herbs was more sensitive to minimum temperature (<em>S</em><sub>T</sub> = −1.91 days ℃<sup>−1</sup>). Spring phenophases of trees and shrubs demonstrated higher <em>S</em><sub>H</sub> values (0.48 and 0.43 %RH<sup>−1</sup>, respectively), while those of herbs showed lower <em>S</em><sub>H</sub> (0.31 days %RH<sup>−1</sup>). Precipitation and sunhours had a significant impact on <em>S</em><sub>T</sub> and <em>S</em><sub>H</sub> of trees and shrubs. Wind speed had a greater effect on <em>S</em><sub>T</sub> and <em>S</em><sub>H</sub> of trees than on those of shrubs. In the northern sites, there were significant differences in the sensitivity of phenology to mean temperature between trees and herbs. Spring phenophases for herbs showed the strongest response to maximum temperature compared with those for trees and shrubs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article e04009"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04010
Zhen Zhang , Mengying He , Qingsong Xie , Tingting Liu , Dandan Zhang , Wenyu Jiang , Xurui Zhu
Invasive plant litter decomposition generally exhibits a home-field advantage (HFA), enhancing invasion success. However, the mechanisms underlying this advantage have not been clarified. We evaluated the impact of adding Solidago canadensis litter on the soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities (fungi and bacteria) of different soil types (SS: invaded soil, NS: non-invaded soil) and at different depths (0, 5, 10, and 20 cm). Notably, the decomposition rate was significantly higher in SS than in NS soil, thus supporting the HFA phenomenon. Litter decomposition increased the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon, and dissolved organic nitrogen over the short term and led to a gradual decrease in the pH of SS, and increase of pH in NS. Although litter addition did not significantly alter the overall relative abundance of bacterial communities in either soil type, it led to a marked increase in the relative abundance of the fungal phylum Ascomycota. Moreover, litter decomposition significantly reduced the Shannon diversity index of both bacteria and fungi in NS, particularly at the 5 cm and 10 cm depths. Fungal diversity (Shannon, Chao1, and Ace indices) was significantly higher in SS than in NS, whereas the opposite pattern was observed for bacterial diversity. Random forest analysis indicated that soil fungi drove the HFA of S. canadensis litter decomposition, which was likely due to physicochemical changes that favored fungi. In conclusion, S. canadensis litter decomposition exhibited a distinct HFA effect driven by the soil fungal community that promoted nutrient cycling.
{"title":"Fungal-mediated home-field advantage in litter decomposition of Solidago canadensis across soil depths","authors":"Zhen Zhang , Mengying He , Qingsong Xie , Tingting Liu , Dandan Zhang , Wenyu Jiang , Xurui Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invasive plant litter decomposition generally exhibits a home-field advantage (HFA), enhancing invasion success. However, the mechanisms underlying this advantage have not been clarified. We evaluated the impact of adding <em>Solidago canadensis</em> litter on the soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities (fungi and bacteria) of different soil types (SS: invaded soil, NS: non-invaded soil) and at different depths (0, 5, 10, and 20 cm). Notably, the decomposition rate was significantly higher in SS than in NS soil, thus supporting the HFA phenomenon. Litter decomposition increased the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon, and dissolved organic nitrogen over the short term and led to a gradual decrease in the pH of SS, and increase of pH in NS. Although litter addition did not significantly alter the overall relative abundance of bacterial communities in either soil type, it led to a marked increase in the relative abundance of the fungal phylum Ascomycota. Moreover, litter decomposition significantly reduced the Shannon diversity index of both bacteria and fungi in NS, particularly at the 5 cm and 10 cm depths. Fungal diversity (Shannon, Chao1, and Ace indices) was significantly higher in SS than in NS, whereas the opposite pattern was observed for bacterial diversity. Random forest analysis indicated that soil fungi drove the HFA of <em>S</em>. <em>canadensis</em> litter decomposition, which was likely due to physicochemical changes that favored fungi. In conclusion, <em>S</em>. <em>canadensis</em> litter decomposition exhibited a distinct HFA effect driven by the soil fungal community that promoted nutrient cycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article e04010"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04012
Jamshid Parchizadeh , Nathan J. Svoboda , Lawrence J. Van Daele , Kenneth F. Kellner , Jon E. Swenson , Gary J. Roloff , Jerrold L. Belant
Mammals use denning to reduce their metabolic activity to survive periods of low food abundance and prolonged adverse weather. We used very high frequency and global positioning system collar data and located 478 winter den sites of brown bears (Ursus arctos middendorffi) on the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska, USA during 1982–2021 to evaluate three nonexclusive hypotheses regarding den site selection and timing of den entry and exit. Based on the physiography hypothesis, we predicted that adult females (solitary or with dependent young) and subadults (male and female) would den at higher elevations or on steeper slopes than adult males to reduce the risk of intraspecific killing, including infanticide. Following the young protection hypothesis, we predicted that to increase cub survival, adult females with dependent young would segregate temporally from adult males, solitary adult females, and subadults by arriving at dens earlier and leaving dens later. Finally, based on the food quality dependent hypothesis, we expected less distance (km) between adult male den site locations and the nearest North Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) spawning stream compared to that of adult females and subadults, due to feeding site (i.e., higher-quality food resources) exploitation by adult males. None of our predictions were supported as we found no differences in den site selection or timing of den entry and exit among sex and age classes of Kodiak brown bears. Whereas these patterns might reflect brown bear behavioral plasticity, we recommend future research to further test for behavioral plasticity in denning of brown bears.
{"title":"Exploring context-dependent variation in brown bear denning behavior","authors":"Jamshid Parchizadeh , Nathan J. Svoboda , Lawrence J. Van Daele , Kenneth F. Kellner , Jon E. Swenson , Gary J. Roloff , Jerrold L. Belant","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e04012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mammals use denning to reduce their metabolic activity to survive periods of low food abundance and prolonged adverse weather. We used very high frequency and global positioning system collar data and located 478 winter den sites of brown bears (<em>Ursus arctos middendorffi</em>) on the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska, USA during 1982–2021 to evaluate three nonexclusive hypotheses regarding den site selection and timing of den entry and exit. Based on the physiography hypothesis, we predicted that adult females (solitary or with dependent young) and subadults (male and female) would den at higher elevations or on steeper slopes than adult males to reduce the risk of intraspecific killing, including infanticide. Following the young protection hypothesis, we predicted that to increase cub survival, adult females with dependent young would segregate temporally from adult males, solitary adult females, and subadults by arriving at dens earlier and leaving dens later. Finally, based on the food quality dependent hypothesis, we expected less distance (km) between adult male den site locations and the nearest North Pacific salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus</em> spp.) spawning stream compared to that of adult females and subadults, due to feeding site (i.e., higher-quality food resources) exploitation by adult males. None of our predictions were supported as we found no differences in den site selection or timing of den entry and exit among sex and age classes of Kodiak brown bears. Whereas these patterns might reflect brown bear behavioral plasticity, we recommend future research to further test for behavioral plasticity in denning of brown bears.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article e04012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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