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Combination of single-source dual-energy computed tomography (CT) parameters and extracellular volume fraction for predicting lymphovascular and perineural invasion in colorectal cancer. 结合单源双能计算机断层扫描(CT)参数和细胞外体积分数预测结直肠癌的淋巴管和神经周围侵犯。
IF 2.9 2区 医学 Q2 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.21037/qims-24-76
Yuting Zhang, Yurong Wen, Shenglin Li, Liangna Deng, Tao Han, Mengyuan Jing, Jianhong Zhao, Junlin Zhou

Background: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) are important histopathological variables that are directly related to the survival and recurrence of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Preoperative prediction of LVI and PNI status in CRC is helpful in selecting patients requiring appropriate adjuvant therapy and evaluating prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the value of combining single-source dual-energy computed tomography (ssDECT)-derived parameters with extracellular volume (ECV) fraction for preoperative evaluation of LVI and PNI in CRC.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with CRC who underwent contrast-enhanced ssDECT. All diagnoses were confirmed through histopathology, and the patients were classified into positive and negative groups based on the presence of LVI/PNI. Clinical data were collected. In the arterial (AP), venous (VP) and delayed phases (DP), the ssDECT-derived parameters were measured by two radiologists. The measurement consistency was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients. Differences between the two groups were analyzed using the t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or Chi-square test. Binary logistic regression was employed to construct models incorporating multiple parameters. The diagnostic performance of various parameters or models was assessed by analyzing receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results: In total, 118 patients with CRC were included in the study. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels, T and N stages, and histological grades differed between the two groups (all P<0.05). The ssDECT-derived parameters in the VP and DP of LVI/PNI-positive group were higher than those of -negative group (all P<0.05). The ECV fraction in the DP of LVI/PNI-positive group was higher than that of -negative group (P=0.001). Discriminating capability analysis demonstrated that the diagnostic efficacies of the DP parameters were superior to those of the VP parameters, and the normalized iodine concentration in the DP exhibited the best performance [area under the curve (AUC): 0.750; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.648-0.852]. The combination of ECV DP with clinical and ssDECT-derived parameters demonstrated the highest discriminative capability (AUC: 0.857; 95% CI: 0.786-0.928).

Conclusions: ssDECT-derived parameters and ECV fraction may serve as non-invasive tools for predicting the LVI/PNI status in CRC.

背景:淋巴管侵犯(LVI)和神经周围侵犯(PNI)是重要的组织病理学变量,与结直肠癌(CRC)患者的生存和复发直接相关。术前预测 CRC 的 LVI 和 PNI 状态有助于选择需要适当辅助治疗的患者和评估预后。本研究旨在探讨将单源双能计算机断层扫描(ssDECT)得出的参数与细胞外体积(ECV)分数相结合,用于术前评估 CRC LVI 和 PNI 的价值:这项回顾性研究纳入了接受对比增强ssDECT检查的CRC患者。所有诊断均通过组织病理学确诊,并根据是否存在 LVI/PNI 将患者分为阳性组和阴性组。收集临床数据。在动脉期(AP)、静脉期(VP)和延迟期(DP),由两名放射科医生测量ssDECT衍生参数。使用类内相关系数评估测量的一致性。两组之间的差异采用 t 检验、曼-惠特尼 U 检验或卡方检验进行分析。二元逻辑回归用于构建包含多个参数的模型。通过分析接收者操作特征曲线来评估各种参数或模型的诊断性能:研究共纳入 118 名 CRC 患者。两组患者的血清癌胚抗原水平、T期和N期以及组织学分级存在差异(全部为PC结论:ssDECT衍生参数和ECV分数可作为预测CRC LVI/PNI状态的无创工具。
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引用次数: 0
Focal myocardial 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake occasionally revealed by whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging in a patient suspected to have a lung tumor indicated myocardial ischemia caused by severe coronary artery disease. 在一名疑似肺部肿瘤患者身上,全身正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)成像偶尔显示出局部心肌18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)摄取,这表明严重的冠状动脉疾病导致心肌缺血。
IF 2.9 2区 医学 Q2 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.21037/qims-24-743
Feifei Zhang, Xiaoyu Yang, Xiaoliang Shao, Jianfeng Wang, Yuetao Wang
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引用次数: 0
Golden-angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for endoleak evaluation after endovascular repair of the aorta: a prospective comparison to conventional time-resolved MRA. 用于主动脉血管内修复术后内漏评估的金角径向稀疏平行(GRASP)磁共振血管成像(MRA):与传统时间分辨 MRA 的前瞻性比较。
IF 2.9 2区 医学 Q2 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.21037/qims-24-1130
Haidara Almansour, Migdat Mustafi, Mario Lescan, Ulrich Grosse, Mateja Andic, Jörg Schmehl, Christoph Artzner, Gerd Grözinger, Sven S Walter

Background: Time-resolved angiography with interleaved stochastic trajectories (TWIST) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) may obscure smaller vessels and is highly susceptibility to motion artifacts, potentially reducing endoleak detection accuracy after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). The novel golden-angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP) sequence enhances spatial and temporal resolution with continuous, motion-robust datasets, showing promise for accurate endoleak detection post-EVAR. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic effectiveness of contrast-enhanced compressed-sensing radial GRASP-volume interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequence with standard contrast-enhanced dynamic TWIST-VIBE sequence in patients with inconclusive computed tomography angiography (CTA) findings regarding endoleak after EVAR.

Methods: This single-center prospective study consecutively enrolled adults with inconclusive findings regarding the presence or type of endoleak in multiphasic CTA following EVAR for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Participants underwent contrast-enhanced MRA, acquiring dynamic TWIST-VIBE and GRASP-VIBE sequences. Two independent radiologists assessed the datasets for image quality, diagnostic confidence, and the presence and type of endoleak. Additionally, quantitative assessments with signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were performed. Statistical analyses included interrater and intermethod agreement, and diagnostic performance testing.

Results: Twenty participants (mean age, 72±9 years; 13 males) were included. GRASP-VIBE demonstrated superior image quality over TWIST-VIBE sequence with predominantly absent motion artifacts and increased diagnostic confidence (all P<0.001). Diagnostic performance significantly improved for detecting type II endoleaks in GRASP-VIBE compared to TWIST-VIBE scans [area under the curve (AUC): 0.96 vs. 0.73; P=0.04]. Diagnostic accuracy improved with GRASP-VIBE for overall (AUC: 0.94 vs. 0.79) and endoleak type I detection (AUC: 1.0 vs. 0.90), however, not significantly (P≥0.05). TWIST-VIBE sequences demonstrated significantly higher SNR for measurements in the clotted aneurysm sac (P=0.01). No significant differences were observed in CNR for the aorta and any aneurysm sacs across the compared imaging sequences.

Conclusions: Compressed-sensing dynamic GRASP-VIBE sequence, with its superior image quality, diagnostic confidence, and performance, may be preferred over standard TWIST-VIBE sequence in inconclusive endoleak cases.

背景:具有交错随机轨迹的时间分辨血管造影(TWIST)磁共振血管造影(MRA)可能会遮挡较小的血管,而且极易受运动伪影的影响,可能会降低血管内主动脉修复术(EVAR)后内漏检测的准确性。新颖的黄金角径向稀疏平行(GRASP)序列通过连续、运动稳定的数据集提高了空间和时间分辨率,显示了EVAR术后准确检测内漏的前景。本研究旨在比较对比增强压缩传感径向GRASP-容积插值屏气检查(VIBE)序列与标准对比增强动态TWIST-VIBE序列对EVAR术后内漏检查结果不确定的计算机断层扫描血管造影(CTA)患者的诊断效果:这项单中心前瞻性研究连续招募了在腹主动脉瘤 EVAR 术后多相 CTA 检查中对内漏的存在或类型有不确定结论的成人。参与者接受造影剂增强 MRA 检查,获取动态 TWIST-VIBE 和 GRASP-VIBE 序列。两位独立的放射科医生对数据集的图像质量、诊断可信度以及内漏的存在和类型进行了评估。此外,还进行了信噪比(SNR)和对比度-信噪比(CNR)的定量评估。统计分析包括研究者之间和方法之间的一致性以及诊断性能测试:共纳入 20 名参与者(平均年龄为 72±9 岁;13 名男性)。GRASP-VIBE的图像质量优于TWIST-VIBE序列,主要无运动伪影,诊断信心增强(所有Pvs均为0.73;P=0.04]。GRASP-VIBE在整体(AUC:0.94 vs. 0.79)和I型内漏检测(AUC:1.0 vs. 0.90)方面的诊断准确性有所提高,但并不显著(P≥0.05)。TWIST-VIBE 序列在测量凝血动脉瘤囊时显示出明显更高的 SNR(P=0.01)。在对比的成像序列中,主动脉和任何动脉瘤囊的 CNR 均无明显差异:结论:压缩传感动态 GRASP-VIBE 序列在图像质量、诊断信心和性能方面均优于标准 TWIST-VIBE 序列,可作为不确定内漏病例的首选。
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引用次数: 0
Second-look ultrasound with positron emission tomography (PET) for evaluating recurrent lesions of medullary thyroid cancer: a case description. 用正电子发射断层扫描(PET)评估甲状腺髓样癌复发病灶的第二眼超声:病例描述。
IF 2.9 2区 医学 Q2 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.21037/qims-24-720
Luying Gao, Jiayi Li, He Liu, Yu Xia, Binglu Li, Li Huo, Naishi Li, Yuxin Jiang
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引用次数: 0
Association of liver multi-parameter quantitative metrics determined by dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography (SDCT) with coronary plaque scores. 双层光谱探测器计算机断层扫描(SDCT)测定的肝脏多参数定量指标与冠状动脉斑块评分的关联。
IF 2.9 2区 医学 Q2 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.21037/qims-24-53
Min Wang, Yue Ma, Yu Lan, Ruobing Bai, Linlin Yang, Yang Hou

Background: Hepatic steatosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of coronary plaques. Spectral detector computed tomography (SDCT) can provide more precise multiparameter quantitative parameters for hepatic steatosis. Hence, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore the effect of quantitative liver metrics measured using SDCT on the extent and severity of coronary plaques.

Methods: In patients who underwent upper abdomen unenhanced SDCT and coronary computed tomography angiography, plaque extent and severity were assessed using segmental involvement score (SIS) and segmental stenosis score (SSS). Liver fat quantification was evaluated by polychromatic and virtual mono-energetic images at 40 and 70 kev, spectral attenuation curve slope, and effective atomic number (CT40 keV, CT70 kev, λHU, and Zeff, respectively). A logistic regression model evaluated the factors influencing high SIS and SSS.

Results: Enrolled patients (n=644) were divided into groups: low SIS (<5) (n=451), high SIS (≥5) (n=193), low SSS (<5) (n=461), and high SSS (≥5) (n=183). Zeff was more closely correlated with SIS (standard partial regression coefficient =-0.422, P<0.001) and SSS (standard partial regression coefficient =-0.346, P<0.001). Zeff was divided into four groups using interquartile intervals. Compared with the patients in the lowest quartile, those in the second [odds ratio (OR) =2.116, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.134-3.949, P=0.018], third (OR =2.832, 95% CI: 1.461-5.491, P=0.002), and fourth (OR =3.584, 95% CI: 1.857-6.918, P<0.001) quartiles showed higher risk for high SIS. And correspondingly, the second (OR =1.933, 95% CI: 1.040-3.592, P=0.037), third (OR =2.900, 95% CI: 1.499-5.609, P=0.002), and fourth (OR =3.368, 95% CI: 1.743-6.510, P<0.001) quartiles showed higher risk for high SSS, especially in those who were <60 years old, male and had visceral adipose tissue/subcutaneous adipose tissue <1.18.

Conclusions: The SDCT-Zeff was an independent factor associated with high SIS and SSS. The quantification of liver fat may be useful for evaluating the risk and prognosis of coronary atherosclerosis.

背景:肝脏脂肪变性与冠状动脉斑块的发生和发展密切相关:肝脏脂肪变性与冠状动脉斑块的发生和发展密切相关。光谱探测器计算机断层扫描(SDCT)可为肝脏脂肪变性提供更精确的多参数定量参数。因此,本横断面研究旨在探讨使用 SDCT 测量的肝脏定量指标对冠状动脉斑块范围和严重程度的影响:在接受上腹部未增强 SDCT 和冠状动脉计算机断层扫描的患者中,使用节段受累评分(SIS)和节段狭窄评分(SSS)评估斑块范围和严重程度。通过 40 和 70 kev 的多色和虚拟单能图像、光谱衰减曲线斜率和有效原子序数(分别为 CT40 keV、CT70 kev、λHU 和 Zeff)评估肝脏脂肪定量。逻辑回归模型评估了影响高 SIS 和 SSS 的因素:结果:入组患者(n=644)被分为两组:低 SIS 组(结论:低 SIS 和 SSS 是影响高 SIS 和 SSS 的因素:SDCT-Zeff是与高SIS和SSS相关的独立因素。肝脏脂肪的量化可能有助于评估冠状动脉粥样硬化的风险和预后。
{"title":"Association of liver multi-parameter quantitative metrics determined by dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography (SDCT) with coronary plaque scores.","authors":"Min Wang, Yue Ma, Yu Lan, Ruobing Bai, Linlin Yang, Yang Hou","doi":"10.21037/qims-24-53","DOIUrl":"10.21037/qims-24-53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatic steatosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of coronary plaques. Spectral detector computed tomography (SDCT) can provide more precise multiparameter quantitative parameters for hepatic steatosis. Hence, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore the effect of quantitative liver metrics measured using SDCT on the extent and severity of coronary plaques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In patients who underwent upper abdomen unenhanced SDCT and coronary computed tomography angiography, plaque extent and severity were assessed using segmental involvement score (SIS) and segmental stenosis score (SSS). Liver fat quantification was evaluated by polychromatic and virtual mono-energetic images at 40 and 70 kev, spectral attenuation curve slope, and effective atomic number (CT40 keV, CT70 kev, λHU, and Zeff, respectively). A logistic regression model evaluated the factors influencing high SIS and SSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Enrolled patients (n=644) were divided into groups: low SIS (<5) (n=451), high SIS (≥5) (n=193), low SSS (<5) (n=461), and high SSS (≥5) (n=183). Zeff was more closely correlated with SIS (standard partial regression coefficient =-0.422, P<0.001) and SSS (standard partial regression coefficient =-0.346, P<0.001). Zeff was divided into four groups using interquartile intervals. Compared with the patients in the lowest quartile, those in the second [odds ratio (OR) =2.116, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.134-3.949, P=0.018], third (OR =2.832, 95% CI: 1.461-5.491, P=0.002), and fourth (OR =3.584, 95% CI: 1.857-6.918, P<0.001) quartiles showed higher risk for high SIS. And correspondingly, the second (OR =1.933, 95% CI: 1.040-3.592, P=0.037), third (OR =2.900, 95% CI: 1.499-5.609, P=0.002), and fourth (OR =3.368, 95% CI: 1.743-6.510, P<0.001) quartiles showed higher risk for high SSS, especially in those who were <60 years old, male and had visceral adipose tissue/subcutaneous adipose tissue <1.18.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SDCT-Zeff was an independent factor associated with high SIS and SSS. The quantification of liver fat may be useful for evaluating the risk and prognosis of coronary atherosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":54267,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11485365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The value of predicting neoadjuvant chemotherapy early efficacy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on amide proton transfer imaging and diffusion weighted imaging. 基于酰胺质子转移成像和弥散加权成像预测鼻咽癌新辅助化疗早期疗效的价值
IF 2.9 2区 医学 Q2 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.21037/qims-24-188
Yulin Zhang, Guomin Li, Jinyan Chen, Meien Jiang, Yunyu Gao, Kunsong Li, Hua Wen, Jianhao Yan

Background: Early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients who are not sensitive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) can guard against overtreatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of amide proton transfer (APT) imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in predicting the early response to NAC in patients with NPC.

Methods: This prospective study enrolled fifty patients with biopsy-confirmed NPC from September 2021 to May 2023. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including APT and DWI, was performed before NAC. After NAC, patients were divided into complete response (CR), partial response (PR), and stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) groups based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours Version 1.1. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for statistical analysis. The differences in APT and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values among the different efficacy groups were compared, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn for statistically significant parameters, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.

Results: Fifty patients (mean age: 47±14 years; 42 males and 8 females) were included in the final analysis (11 were in the CR group, 30 in the PR group, 9 in the SD group, and 0 in the PD group). The ADC values showed no significant differences among the different treatment response groups. The SD group showed significantly lower APTmax (P=0.025), APTskewness (P=0.025) and APT90% (P=0.001) values than the CR and PR groups. Setting APT90% =3.10% as the cut-off value, optimal diagnostic performance (AUC: 0.831; sensitivity: 0.778; specificity: 0.878) was obtained in predicting the SD group.

Conclusions: APT imaging can predict the early tumour response to NAC in patients with NPC. APT imaging may be superior to DWI in predicting tumour response.

背景:早期发现对新辅助化疗(NAC)不敏感的鼻咽癌(NPC)患者可避免过度治疗。本研究旨在评估酰胺质子转移成像(APT)和弥散加权成像(DWI)在预测鼻咽癌患者对新辅助化疗早期反应方面的有效性:这项前瞻性研究在2021年9月至2023年5月期间招募了50名经活检确诊的鼻咽癌患者。在接受新农合治疗前进行磁共振成像(MRI),包括 APT 和 DWI。NAC后,根据实体瘤反应评估标准1.1版将患者分为完全反应组(CR)、部分反应组(PR)、疾病稳定组(SD)和疾病进展组(PD)。统计分析采用 Kruskal-Wallis H 检验。比较不同疗效组间 APT 和表观弥散系数(ADC)值的差异,绘制具有统计学意义参数的接收者操作特征曲线(ROC),并计算曲线下面积(AUC):50 名患者(平均年龄:47±14 岁;男性 42 人,女性 8 人)被纳入最终分析(CR 组 11 人,PR 组 30 人,SD 组 9 人,PD 组 0 人)。不同治疗反应组的 ADC 值无明显差异。SD 组的 APTmax(P=0.025)、APTskewness(P=0.025)和 APT90% (P=0.001)值明显低于 CR 组和 PR 组。以 APT90% =3.10% 为临界值,在预测 SD 组时可获得最佳诊断效果(AUC:0.831;灵敏度:0.778;特异性:0.878):结论:APT成像可预测鼻咽癌患者对NAC的早期肿瘤反应。在预测肿瘤反应方面,APT成像可能优于DWI成像。
{"title":"The value of predicting neoadjuvant chemotherapy early efficacy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on amide proton transfer imaging and diffusion weighted imaging.","authors":"Yulin Zhang, Guomin Li, Jinyan Chen, Meien Jiang, Yunyu Gao, Kunsong Li, Hua Wen, Jianhao Yan","doi":"10.21037/qims-24-188","DOIUrl":"10.21037/qims-24-188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients who are not sensitive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) can guard against overtreatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of amide proton transfer (APT) imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in predicting the early response to NAC in patients with NPC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study enrolled fifty patients with biopsy-confirmed NPC from September 2021 to May 2023. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including APT and DWI, was performed before NAC. After NAC, patients were divided into complete response (CR), partial response (PR), and stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) groups based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours Version 1.1. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for statistical analysis. The differences in APT and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values among the different efficacy groups were compared, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn for statistically significant parameters, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty patients (mean age: 47±14 years; 42 males and 8 females) were included in the final analysis (11 were in the CR group, 30 in the PR group, 9 in the SD group, and 0 in the PD group). The ADC values showed no significant differences among the different treatment response groups. The SD group showed significantly lower APT<sub>max</sub> (P=0.025), APT<sub>skewness</sub> (P=0.025) and APT<sub>90%</sub> (P=0.001) values than the CR and PR groups. Setting APT<sub>90%</sub> =3.10% as the cut-off value, optimal diagnostic performance (AUC: 0.831; sensitivity: 0.778; specificity: 0.878) was obtained in predicting the SD group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>APT imaging can predict the early tumour response to NAC in patients with NPC. APT imaging may be superior to DWI in predicting tumour response.</p>","PeriodicalId":54267,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11485347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adventurous toothpick: the role of ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound. 冒险牙签:超声波和对比增强超声波的作用。
IF 2.9 2区 医学 Q2 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-1726
Cheng Guan, Da-Yan Huang, Jun Luo
{"title":"Adventurous toothpick: the role of ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound.","authors":"Cheng Guan, Da-Yan Huang, Jun Luo","doi":"10.21037/qims-23-1726","DOIUrl":"10.21037/qims-23-1726","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54267,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11485337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142486133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Four-dimensional automated quantitative echocardiography assessment of right heart remodeling in patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation. 功能性三尖瓣反流患者右心重塑的四维自动定量超声心动图评估。
IF 2.9 2区 医学 Q2 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.21037/qims-24-676
Yongzhi Cai, Xiaofeng Zhang, Tongtong Huang, Xiaoju Luo, Decai Zeng, Shuai Chang, Liuliu Huang, Yue Li, Ji Wu
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) has a pathophysiological connection with right heart remodeling. Given the increasing focus on right atrial remodeling in recent years, a comprehensive study of all aspects of right heart remodeling is crucial for understanding the progression and treatment of FTR. In the scientific literature, there is a lack of comprehensive exploration of right atrial remodeling in patients with FTR, and no reports on the potential correlation between the degree of this remodeling and the severity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) have been published. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between right heart parameters measured by four-dimensional (4D) automated quantitative echocardiography and the severity of TR in patients with FTR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective case-control study, 100 patients diagnosed with FTR by echocardiography at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from February 2022 to March 2023 were prospectively and consecutively selected as the case group, comprising 50 patients with mild FTR and 50 patients with moderate or severe FTR. Additionally, 30 healthy participants served as the control group. Routine echocardiography was employed to obtain two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images, which was followed by 4D automated quantitative echocardiograph assessment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare differences between groups, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was used to discern the relationship between parameters and TR volume, multivariate linear regression was used to identify factors associated with TR volume, and logistic regression was employed to predict the severity of FTR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The case group consisted of 50 patients with mild FTR (26 males, 52%; age range, 31-78 years; mean age ± SD: 58±11.4 years) and 50 patients with moderate-to-severe FTR (21 males, 42%; age range, 29-87 years; mean age ± SD: 60±13.0 years). Additionally, 30 healthy participants (13 males, 43%; age range, 19-81 years; mean age ± SD: 58±13.3 years) constituted the control group. Patients with moderate-to-severe FTR had significant right heart dilatation and functional decline. The TR volume was highly correlated with right atrium minimum volume (RAVmin; r=0.864; P<0.001), and linear regression showed that the RAVmin was independently correlated with the severity of TR in patients (β=0.820; P<0.001). There were several predictive variables that were significantly associated with increased FTR severity, including right atrial reservoir strain [RASr; odds ratio (OR) =0.702; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.575-0.857; P=0.001], right atrial conduit strain (RAScd; OR =1.308; 95% CI: 1.098-1.558; P=0.003), and right atrial reservoir circumferential strain (RASr-c; OR =0.823; 95% CI: 0.684-0.990; P=0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>4D automated quantitative
背景:功能性三尖瓣反流(FTR)与右心重塑存在病理生理学联系。鉴于近年来对右心房重塑的关注日益增加,全面研究右心重塑的各个方面对于了解 FTR 的进展和治疗至关重要。在科学文献中,缺乏对 FTR 患者右心房重塑的全面探讨,也没有关于这种重塑程度与三尖瓣反流(TR)严重程度之间潜在相关性的报道。本研究旨在评估四维(4D)自动定量超声心动图测量的右心参数与 FTR 患者三尖瓣反流严重程度之间的关系:在这项前瞻性病例对照研究中,前瞻性地连续选取了2022年2月至2023年3月期间在广西医科大学第一附属医院经超声心动图确诊为FTR的100名患者作为病例组,其中包括50名轻度FTR患者和50名中度或重度FTR患者。此外,30 名健康参与者作为对照组。采用常规超声心动图获取二维(2D)和三维(3D)图像,然后进行四维自动定量超声心动图评估。方差分析(ANOVA)或Kruskal-Wallis检验用于比较组间差异,皮尔逊相关系数分析用于鉴别参数与TR体积之间的关系,多变量线性回归用于识别与TR体积相关的因素,逻辑回归用于预测FTR的严重程度:病例组包括 50 名轻度 FTR 患者(26 名男性,占 52%;年龄范围为 31-78 岁;平均年龄 ± SD:58±11.4 岁)和 50 名中重度 FTR 患者(21 名男性,占 42%;年龄范围为 29-87 岁;平均年龄 ± SD:60±13.0 岁)。此外,30 名健康参与者(13 名男性,占 43%;年龄范围为 19-81 岁;平均年龄(± SD):58±13.3 岁)组成对照组。中重度 FTR 患者有明显的右心扩张和功能衰退。TR容积与右心房最小容积(RAVmin;r=0.864;PC结论)高度相关:四维自动定量超声心动图可对右心容积和功能进行动态评估。要确定 FTR 的发展,右心房扩张似乎比右心室扩张更重要。RASr、RAScd 和 RASr-c 与 FTR 的严重程度直接相关。
{"title":"Four-dimensional automated quantitative echocardiography assessment of right heart remodeling in patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation.","authors":"Yongzhi Cai, Xiaofeng Zhang, Tongtong Huang, Xiaoju Luo, Decai Zeng, Shuai Chang, Liuliu Huang, Yue Li, Ji Wu","doi":"10.21037/qims-24-676","DOIUrl":"10.21037/qims-24-676","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) has a pathophysiological connection with right heart remodeling. Given the increasing focus on right atrial remodeling in recent years, a comprehensive study of all aspects of right heart remodeling is crucial for understanding the progression and treatment of FTR. In the scientific literature, there is a lack of comprehensive exploration of right atrial remodeling in patients with FTR, and no reports on the potential correlation between the degree of this remodeling and the severity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) have been published. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between right heart parameters measured by four-dimensional (4D) automated quantitative echocardiography and the severity of TR in patients with FTR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this prospective case-control study, 100 patients diagnosed with FTR by echocardiography at The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from February 2022 to March 2023 were prospectively and consecutively selected as the case group, comprising 50 patients with mild FTR and 50 patients with moderate or severe FTR. Additionally, 30 healthy participants served as the control group. Routine echocardiography was employed to obtain two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images, which was followed by 4D automated quantitative echocardiograph assessment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare differences between groups, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was used to discern the relationship between parameters and TR volume, multivariate linear regression was used to identify factors associated with TR volume, and logistic regression was employed to predict the severity of FTR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The case group consisted of 50 patients with mild FTR (26 males, 52%; age range, 31-78 years; mean age ± SD: 58±11.4 years) and 50 patients with moderate-to-severe FTR (21 males, 42%; age range, 29-87 years; mean age ± SD: 60±13.0 years). Additionally, 30 healthy participants (13 males, 43%; age range, 19-81 years; mean age ± SD: 58±13.3 years) constituted the control group. Patients with moderate-to-severe FTR had significant right heart dilatation and functional decline. The TR volume was highly correlated with right atrium minimum volume (RAVmin; r=0.864; P&lt;0.001), and linear regression showed that the RAVmin was independently correlated with the severity of TR in patients (β=0.820; P&lt;0.001). There were several predictive variables that were significantly associated with increased FTR severity, including right atrial reservoir strain [RASr; odds ratio (OR) =0.702; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.575-0.857; P=0.001], right atrial conduit strain (RAScd; OR =1.308; 95% CI: 1.098-1.558; P=0.003), and right atrial reservoir circumferential strain (RASr-c; OR =0.823; 95% CI: 0.684-0.990; P=0.04).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;4D automated quantitative ","PeriodicalId":54267,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11485358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A single-pixel and non-redundant branching-based algorithm for nailfold capillary skeleton line extraction. 基于单像素和非冗余分支的甲襞毛细血管骨架线提取算法。
IF 2.9 2区 医学 Q2 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.21037/qims-24-847
Bin Zhou, Hao Yin, Yanxiong Wu, Qianyao Ye, Jianan Lin, Cong Ye, Mugui Xie, Xiaosong Li, Wei Bin, Zhimin Yang

Background: Static nailfold capillary parameters are important parameters that reflect the health of the human body. Disease onset or progression is often accompanied by changes in the physiological parameters of the nailfold. Hence, the physiological parameters of the nailfold are closely related to the study of disease, with their automated and high-precision measurements playing a crucial role in these studies. Currently, manually measured values of the nailfold's parameters are the gold standard; however, they are time consuming and labor intensive, making the development of automated measurement methods essential. Most automated measurement methods use skeleton lines; however, current skeleton-thinning algorithms have non-single pixels and redundant branches that lead to reduced measurement accuracy. This study proposes a single-pixel and non-redundant branching-based skeleton line extraction algorithm for nailfold capillaries, which is then applied to nailfold static parameter calculations to improve accuracy.

Methods: The algorithm includes deletion and restoration templates combined with the depth-first search method to obtain single-pixel skeleton lines without redundant branches. These lines are applied to the static nailfold capillary parameter measurement method based on digital image processing to calculate the blood vessel diameter.

Results: The results show that the proposed method can obtain the single-pixel skeleton line without the redundant branches that are required for the parameter calculations and improve the accuracy of the nailfold capillary diameter measurement. Experiments showed that the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the labeled apical diameter, arterial limb diameter, and venous limb diameter were 0.794, 0.756, and 0.830 µm, respectively, when the calculated results were compared with those of the manual calculations. According to the accuracy formula, the accuracy of the method in this study is 90%. We calculated the P values of the algorithmic and manual measurements to P<0.001 and found that the difference in the measurements of the proposed algorithm is statistically significant. Therefore, the method in this study has high sensitivity and specificity for the measurement of normal nailfold capillaries.

Conclusions: The proposed algorithm could obtain single-pixel skeleton lines without redundant branches, thereby improving the nailfold static parameter measurement accuracy.

背景:静态甲襞毛细血管参数是反映人体健康状况的重要参数。疾病的发生或发展往往伴随着甲襞生理参数的变化。因此,甲襞生理参数与疾病研究密切相关,其自动化和高精度测量在这些研究中发挥着至关重要的作用。目前,人工测量甲襞参数值是金标准,但耗时耗力,因此开发自动测量方法至关重要。大多数自动测量方法都使用骨架线,但目前的骨架疏剪算法存在非单像素和冗余分支,导致测量精度降低。本研究提出了一种基于单像素和非冗余分支的甲襞毛细血管骨架线提取算法,然后将其应用于甲襞静态参数计算,以提高准确性:该算法包括删除和恢复模板,并结合深度优先搜索法,以获得无冗余分支的单像素骨架线。这些骨架线被应用于基于数字图像处理的静态甲襞毛细血管参数测量方法,以计算血管直径:结果表明,所提出的方法可以获得没有参数计算所需冗余分支的单像素骨架线,并提高了甲襞毛细血管直径测量的准确性。实验表明,将计算结果与人工计算结果进行比较,标注的顶端直径、动脉肢体直径和静脉肢体直径的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为 0.794、0.756 和 0.830 µm。根据准确度公式,本研究中该方法的准确度为 90%。我们计算了算法和人工测量对 PConclusions 的 P 值:所提出的算法可以得到没有多余分支的单像素骨架线,从而提高了甲襞静态参数测量的准确性。
{"title":"A single-pixel and non-redundant branching-based algorithm for nailfold capillary skeleton line extraction.","authors":"Bin Zhou, Hao Yin, Yanxiong Wu, Qianyao Ye, Jianan Lin, Cong Ye, Mugui Xie, Xiaosong Li, Wei Bin, Zhimin Yang","doi":"10.21037/qims-24-847","DOIUrl":"10.21037/qims-24-847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Static nailfold capillary parameters are important parameters that reflect the health of the human body. Disease onset or progression is often accompanied by changes in the physiological parameters of the nailfold. Hence, the physiological parameters of the nailfold are closely related to the study of disease, with their automated and high-precision measurements playing a crucial role in these studies. Currently, manually measured values of the nailfold's parameters are the gold standard; however, they are time consuming and labor intensive, making the development of automated measurement methods essential. Most automated measurement methods use skeleton lines; however, current skeleton-thinning algorithms have non-single pixels and redundant branches that lead to reduced measurement accuracy. This study proposes a single-pixel and non-redundant branching-based skeleton line extraction algorithm for nailfold capillaries, which is then applied to nailfold static parameter calculations to improve accuracy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The algorithm includes deletion and restoration templates combined with the depth-first search method to obtain single-pixel skeleton lines without redundant branches. These lines are applied to the static nailfold capillary parameter measurement method based on digital image processing to calculate the blood vessel diameter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show that the proposed method can obtain the single-pixel skeleton line without the redundant branches that are required for the parameter calculations and improve the accuracy of the nailfold capillary diameter measurement. Experiments showed that the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the labeled apical diameter, arterial limb diameter, and venous limb diameter were 0.794, 0.756, and 0.830 µm, respectively, when the calculated results were compared with those of the manual calculations. According to the accuracy formula, the accuracy of the method in this study is 90%. We calculated the P values of the algorithmic and manual measurements to P<0.001 and found that the difference in the measurements of the proposed algorithm is statistically significant. Therefore, the method in this study has high sensitivity and specificity for the measurement of normal nailfold capillaries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed algorithm could obtain single-pixel skeleton lines without redundant branches, thereby improving the nailfold static parameter measurement accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54267,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11485390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tumour-pleura relationship on computed tomography (CT) provides effective risk stratification for peripheral pulmonary nodules with Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) score of 4X. 计算机断层扫描(CT)上的肿瘤与胸膜关系可对肺成像报告和数据系统(Lung-RADS)评分为 4X 的周围肺结节进行有效的风险分层。
IF 2.9 2区 医学 Q2 RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.21037/qims-24-530
Liangna Deng, Kaibo Zhu, Jingjing Yang, Yuting Zhang, Mengyuan Jing, Peng Zhang, Tao Han, Bin Zhang, Junlin Zhou

Background: Pulmonary nodules with Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) 4X are of greater clinical significance, and accurate differentiation of pathological types and visceral pleural invasion (VPI) of Lung-RADS 4X peripheral pulmonary nodules before treatment can aid in stratification. This study set out to investigate whether the tumour-pleura relationship on computed tomography (CT) can provide effective risk stratification for peripheral pulmonary nodules with Lung-RADS 4X.

Methods: This was a single institution, retrospective study of 482 consecutive patients with Lung-RADS score 4X, who were pathologically diagnosed with tuberculous granuloma and adenocarcinoma from January 2019 to December 2023. We assessed clinical factors (baseline characteristics and tumour markers) and CT findings. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the classification of pulmonary nodules and predictors of VPI.

Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that gender [odds ratio (OR) =0.392; P<0.001], carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (OR =8.331; P<0.001), type of nodules (OR =13.551 and 7.478; P<0.001 and P=0.016) and maximum base width of soft tissue component on the pleura side (OR =0.857; P=0.005) were significant independent factors for distinguishing tuberculous granuloma from adenocarcinoma. And the type of linear connection between lesion and pleura (OR =3.936; P<0.001), and the maximum base width of soft tissue components on the pleura side (OR =1.359; P=0.001) were correlated independently with VPI. The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting pulmonary nodules classification was 82.60% [95% confidence interval (CI): 78.85-86.35%), and the AUC for predicting VPI was 76.10% (95% CI: 69.83-82.38%).

Conclusions: The tumour-pleura relationship will be helpful in further risk stratification for peripheral pulmonary nodules with a score of Lung-RADS 4X.

背景:肺部影像报告和数据系统(Lung-RADS)4X肺结节具有更大的临床意义,在治疗前准确区分Lung-RADS 4X外周肺结节的病理类型和内脏胸膜侵犯(VPI)有助于分层。本研究旨在探讨计算机断层扫描(CT)上的肿瘤与胸膜关系是否能对肺-RADS 4X外周肺结节进行有效的风险分层:这是一项单机构回顾性研究,研究对象是2019年1月至2023年12月期间连续482例经病理诊断为结核性肉芽肿和腺癌的Lung-RADS评分4X患者。我们评估了临床因素(基线特征和肿瘤标志物)和 CT 结果。采用单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析来确定肺结节的分类和VPI的预测因素:结果:多变量分析表明,性别[几率比(OR)=0.392;PC结论:肿瘤与胸膜的关系将影响VPI的预测:肿瘤与胸膜的关系有助于对肺-RADS 4X 评分的周围肺结节进行进一步的风险分层。
{"title":"Tumour-pleura relationship on computed tomography (CT) provides effective risk stratification for peripheral pulmonary nodules with Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) score of 4X.","authors":"Liangna Deng, Kaibo Zhu, Jingjing Yang, Yuting Zhang, Mengyuan Jing, Peng Zhang, Tao Han, Bin Zhang, Junlin Zhou","doi":"10.21037/qims-24-530","DOIUrl":"10.21037/qims-24-530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary nodules with Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) 4X are of greater clinical significance, and accurate differentiation of pathological types and visceral pleural invasion (VPI) of Lung-RADS 4X peripheral pulmonary nodules before treatment can aid in stratification. This study set out to investigate whether the tumour-pleura relationship on computed tomography (CT) can provide effective risk stratification for peripheral pulmonary nodules with Lung-RADS 4X.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single institution, retrospective study of 482 consecutive patients with Lung-RADS score 4X, who were pathologically diagnosed with tuberculous granuloma and adenocarcinoma from January 2019 to December 2023. We assessed clinical factors (baseline characteristics and tumour markers) and CT findings. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the classification of pulmonary nodules and predictors of VPI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate analysis revealed that gender [odds ratio (OR) =0.392; P<0.001], carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (OR =8.331; P<0.001), type of nodules (OR =13.551 and 7.478; P<0.001 and P=0.016) and maximum base width of soft tissue component on the pleura side (OR =0.857; P=0.005) were significant independent factors for distinguishing tuberculous granuloma from adenocarcinoma. And the type of linear connection between lesion and pleura (OR =3.936; P<0.001), and the maximum base width of soft tissue components on the pleura side (OR =1.359; P=0.001) were correlated independently with VPI. The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting pulmonary nodules classification was 82.60% [95% confidence interval (CI): 78.85-86.35%), and the AUC for predicting VPI was 76.10% (95% CI: 69.83-82.38%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The tumour-pleura relationship will be helpful in further risk stratification for peripheral pulmonary nodules with a score of Lung-RADS 4X.</p>","PeriodicalId":54267,"journal":{"name":"Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11485353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery
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