Gm Crops & Food-Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain最新文献

DP915635 maize was genetically modified (GM) to express the IPD079Ea protein for corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp.) control. DP915635 maize also expresses the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) protein for tolerance to glufosinate herbicide and the phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) protein that was used as a selectable marker. A field study was conducted at ten sites in the United States and Canada during the 2019 growing season. Of the 11 agronomic endpoints that were evaluated, two of them (early stand count and days to flowering) were statistically significant compared with the control maize based on unadjusted p-values; however, these differences were not significant after FDR-adjustment of p-values. Composition analytes from DP915635 maize grain and forage (proximates, fiber, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, anti-nutrients, and secondary metabolites) were compared to non-GM near-isoline control maize (control maize) and non-GM commercial maize (reference maize). Statistically significant differences were observed for 7 of the 79 compositional analytes (16:1 palmitoleic acid, 18:0 stearic acid, 18:1 oleic acid, 18:2 linoleic acid, 24:0 lignoceric acid, methionine, and α-tocopherol); however, these differences were not significant after FDR-adjustment. Additionally, all of the values for composition analytes fell within the range of natural variation established from the in-study reference range, literature range, and/or tolerance interval. These results demonstrate that DP915635 is agronomically and compositionally comparable to non-GM maize represented by non-GM near-isoline control maize and non-GM commercial maize.

This study analyzes Chinese online science communication and discussion about genetically modified foods (GMFs). Based on data collected from one of the largest Chinese GMFs science popularization website, it utilizes Wodak's discourse analysis to investigate how Chinese genetically modified (GM) scientific discourse is characterized by a range of discursive strategies that construct specific identity of Chinese GM scientists and explore science hegemony underlying Chinese GMFs debates. Findings show that discourse features of Chinese GM scientific discourse is objective as well as emotional, particularly conveying a strong sense of superiority realized by trope, argumentative strategies and intertextuality. The unequal power relationship between scientists and the public as well as Chinese intellectuals' knowledge hegemony could partly explain why those discursive strategies are employed in science communication practices of GMFs debates in Chinese context.

Innovation in agriculture has been essential in improving productivity of crops and forages to support a growing population, improving living standards while contributing toward maintaining environment integrity, human health, and wellbeing through provision of more nutritious, varied, and abundant food sources. A crucial part of that innovation has involved a range of techniques for both expanding and exploiting the genetic potential of plants. However, some techniques used for generating new variation for plant breeders to exploit are deemed higher risk than others despite end products of both processes at times being for all intents and purposes identical for the benefits they provide. As a result, public concerns often triggered by poor communication from innovators, resulting in mistrust and suspicion has, in turn, caused the development of a range of regulatory systems. The logic and motivations for modes of regulation used are reviewed and how the benefits from use of these technologies can be delivered more efficiently and effectively is discussed.

There is a large literature about consumer acceptance of GM foods dating back almost three decades, but there are fewer studies that investigate how support for specific GM attributes contribute to general support for novel plant technologies. In addition, there is little information on how support has changed over time. Using survey data from 2018 to 2023 in a U.S. State (Vermont) (n = 3101), we analyze changes in support for a variety of GM attributes over time. There are three major findings. First, there is movement toward neutrality in support for various GM attributes, but opposition continues. Second, there is variability in support for different GM attributes. People are most supportive (least opposed) to GM attributes that improve flora (plant health or drought tolerance), and most opposed (least supportive) of attributes that impact fauna (specifically fish). Third, multivariate regression reveals that assessments of individual GM attributes contribute to levels of overall support of the use of GM technologies in agricultural production.

Doubled haploid (DH) production accelerates the development of homozygous lines in a single generation. In maize, haploids are widely produced by the use of haploid inducer Stock 6, earlier reported in 1959. Three independent studies reported haploid induction in maize which is triggered due to a 4 bp frame-shift mutation in matrilineal (ZmPLA1) gene. The present study was focused on the generation of mutants for ZmPLA1 gene in maize inbred line LM13 through site-directed mutagenesis via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex method to increase the haploid induction rate. Three single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) for the ZmPLA1 gene locus were used for transforming the 14 days old immature embryos via bombardment. 373 regenerated plants were subjected to mutation detection followed by Sanger's sequencing. Out of three putative mutants identified, one mutant depicted one base pair substitution and one base pair deletion at the target site.

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system is recently developed robust genome editing technology for accelerating plant breeding. Various modifications of this editing system have been established for adaptability in plant varieties as well as for its improved efficiency and portability. This review provides an in-depth look at the various strategies for synthesizing gRNAs for efficient delivery in plant cells, including chemical synthesis and in vitro transcription. It also covers traditional analytical tools and emerging developments in detection methods to analyze CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutation in plant breeding. Additionally, the review outlines the various analytical tools which are used to detect and analyze CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutations, such as next-generation sequencing, restriction enzyme analysis, and southern blotting. Finally, the review discusses emerging detection methods, including digital PCR and qPCR. Hence, CRISPR/Cas9 has great potential for transforming agriculture and opening avenues for new advancements in the system for gene editing in plants.

The Mexican government has decided to ban imports of genetically modified (GM) maize, to rely on agroecology for maize production to satisfy domestic yellow maize requirements. No economic impact assessment of this policy decision was made public, and the implications of this decision for users of yellow maize and consumers are significant. This article measures the economic surplus generated from Mexican GM yellow maize imports and domestic conventional yellow maize production over the last 20 years, and projects the economic surplus generated over five years from adopting agroecology for yellow maize production. We explore three likely scenarios and find that in all of them, yellow maize processors lose almost twice as much economic surplus as producers. In the most conservative loss estimate (Scenario 1), the surplus loss in five years is equivalent to 35% of the economic surplus generated over the last 21 years from GM maize imports and domestic Mexican conventional production. In all simulated Scenarios, between 2024 and 2025 the price of a metric ton of yellow maize will increase 81percent because of the change in production systems (from conventional to agroecology). These financial losses will ultimately factor into the prices consumers pay for poultry and red meat products, resulting in higher domestic retail food prices.

Potato virus Y (PVY) is a deadly environmental constraint that damages productivity of potato (Solanum tuberosum) around the globe. One of the major challenges is to develop resistance against PVY. Emerging clustered regularly short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas systems have the potential to develop resistance against PVY. In the current research, CRISPR-Cas13 has been exploited to target multiple strains of PVY^N, PVY^O, and PVY^NTN. Multiple genes PI, HC-Pro, P3, Cl1, Cl2, and VPg genes of PVY were targeted by CRISPR/Cas13a. Multiplex gRNA cassettes were developed on the conserved regions of the PVY-genes. Three independent CRISPR/Cas13 transgenic potato lines were developed by applying an optimized concentration of trans-ribo zeatin and indole acetic acid at callus development, rooting, and shooting growth stages. The level of resistance in transgenic plants was confirmed through double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time quantitative PCR. Our results have shown that efficiency of PVY inhibition was positively correlated with the Cas13a/sgRNA expression. Finding provides the specific functionality of Cas13 with specific gRNA cassette and engineering the potential resistance in potato crop against multiple strains of PVY.

The comprehensiveness of the allergen database used to bioinformatically compare a novel food protein with known allergens is critical to the ability to assess the allergenic risk of newly expressed proteins in genetically engineered crops. The strength of the relationship between a candidate GE protein's amino acid sequence and that of known allergens is used to predict cross-reactive risk. The number of truly novel allergen sequences added annually to the COMPARE database reflects on the comprehensiveness of our knowledge of allergen amino acid sequence diversity. Here, we investigated the most recent five years of updates to the COMPARE allergen database for truly novel entries. Results indicate that few truly novel sequences are added each year, suggesting that the database and our knowledge of allergen sequence diversity is currently quite comprehensive, and that current in silico prediction of allergenic risk for novel food proteins is robust.

Expression of the HAHB4 sunflower transcription factor confers drought tolerance to wheat event IND-ØØ412-7 (HB4® wheat). After confirming the compositional equivalence of event IND-ØØ412-7 with conventional wheat, its nutritional similarity to its non-genetically modified (GM) counterpart was analyzed by performing a 42-day broiler feeding study. Isoenergetic diets containing 40% flour from wheat event IND-ØØ412-7, its non-GM counterpart Cadenza, and a commercial variety were included in the study. Broilers' performance was analyzed by measuring feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, and time to reach 2.8 kgs. The yield was evaluated by carcass weight, breast meat, and abdominal fat. No differences were found between wheat event IND-ØØ412-7 and the non-GM counterpart. A few significant differences were found with the commercial variety which were associated with the genetic background, different from the other two materials. These results support the nutritional equivalence of event IND-ØØ412-7 with conventional wheat.